Predictive Dynamic Channel Allocation Scheme for Improving Power Saving and Mobility in BWA Networks

The radio spectrum of IEEE 802.16 medium access control (MAC) protocol ranges from 2–66 GHz, which is one of potential solutions for broadband wireless access (BWA) or beyond third generation (B3G)/4G networks. The maximum transmission range can reach about 48 km. However, with the property of radio propagation, the maximum transmission distance is proportioned inversely to the frequency the mobile subscriber station (MSS) carries. According to this property, the channel allocation can be based on how far the distance between the MSS and the base station (BS) in a macrocell. Therefore, this paper first proposes a new concept of channel allocation model for BWA system and investigates the relations between the signal propagation and the distance as well as propose a signal-aware dynamic channel allocation (SDCA) scheme for dynamic channel allocation (DCA) in BWA networks (BWANs). The SDCA enables the BS to allocate appropriate channels to MSSs according to the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) value from the MSSs. Besides, according to the frequency, the SDCA can estimate a minimum power for MSS to communicate. The SDCA not only increases the capacity of the system but saves the overall power consumption of the system well. We also present a new out-of-service prevention scheme for supporting mobility in the system. Simulation results show that the proposed SDCA can achieve the channel utilization (throughput) by up to 94.4% when the spectrum ranges from 2–11 GHz.

Optimal location planning of relay-based next generation wireless access networks

Use of relays is considered one of the most effective ways for capacity enhancement and coverage extension in next-generation broadband wireless access networks (BWAN). The paper investigates the location planning problem in BWANs, aiming at an optimal deployment of relay stations and base stations to enhance capacity. We develop formulations in mixed integer linear programming to effectively capture various planning policies that govern relay and base station placement. Case studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed formulations. We show that the same traffic demand can be satisfied with up to 73 % fewer relay stations with a slight (6 %) decrease in the overall network capacity, compared with our benchmark. Based on the developed formulations, we introduce a maximin objective function to properly distribute excess bandwidth to all subscriber stations rather than assigning it to a single one, which surprisingly leads to a significant gain in the rate allocated to each subscriber station.     

Polarization control method for suppressing polarization modedispersion influence in optical transmission systems

Recent progress in long-span optical repeater systems indicates that the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) influence has become one of the main degradation factors in high speed and wideband systems. This paper discusses polarization-control methods for suppressing the PMD influence for both the coherent FDM system and the IM-DD optical repeater system. A principal-state transmission method, which can avoid PMD influence in coherent FDM common polarization control, has been proposed. In this scheme, FDM light is launched at one of the principal states in the fiber using two polarization controllers, located at both ends of the fiber. The feasibility of this scheme was confirmed through 2.5-Gb/s CPFSK, three-channel FDM transmission experiments. For a 150-km long fiber, a 700-GHz optical bandwidth can be used with the principal-state transmission method. This bandwidth is about three times wider than that for conventional common polarization control in a 150-km long fiber. The principal-state transmission method has been modified to apply to a long-span optical-repeater transmission system which includes optical isolators. In this method, small frequency modulation was added to the signal light to search for the principal state for the total transmission line. The modified method can avoid inter-symbol interference (ISI) degradation due to accumulated PMD in long-span optical fibers and optical components. Power-penalty-free operations were successfully demonstrated with up to one bit time PMD value in 5-Gb/s IM-DD, 1000-km transmission experiments. This method is expected to apply to a long-span undersea optical-repeater transmission system     

Estimation and equalization of doubly selective channels using known symbol padding

This paper considers the situation where users that experience high-mobility transmit data over frequency-selective channels, resulting in a doubly selective channel model (i.e., time- and frequency-selective channels) and this within the framework of Known Symbol Padding (KSP) transmission. KSP is a recently proposed block transmission technique where short sequences of known symbols acting as guard bands are inserted between successive blocks of data symbols. This paper proposes three novel channel estimation methods that allow for an accurate estimation of the time-varying transmission channel solely relying on the knowledge of the redundant symbols introduced by the KSP transmission scheme. The first method is a direct adaptive one while the others rely on a recently proposed model, the Basis Expansion Model (BEM), where the doubly selective channel is approximated with high accuracy using a limited number of complex exponentials. An important characteristic of the proposed methods is that they exploit all the received symbols that contain contributions from the training sequences and blindly filter out the contribution of the unknown surrounding data symbols. Besides these channel identification methods, the classical KSP equalizers are adapted to the context of doubly selective channels, which allows evaluation of the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of a KSP transmission system relying on the proposed channel estimation methods in the context of doubly selective channels. Simulation results show that KSP transmission is indeed a suitable transmission technique toward the delivery of high data rates to users experiencing a high mobility, when adapted KSP equalizers are used in combination with the proposed channel estimation methods.     

FM subcarrier fiber optical transmission system design and itsapplication in next-generation wireless access

This paper presents a design method of optical frequency modulation (FM) subcarrier (with super carrier) transmission modem. The nonideal link characteristics, including laser chirping, fiber dispersion, voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) phase noise, relative intensity noise (RIN), and equivalent network model of laser diode of such a system that may bring about signal distortion are discussed first. We then propose a hierarchical methods to establish the system equivalent model. Finally this FM modem is applied to a GSM wireless system, in which multichannel signals are transmitted over fiber between radio port and basestation, and system performance is appraised by its dynamic range. It is found that optical FM subcarrier (with super carrier) transmission technique can improve the system dynamic range, compared with the intensity modulated direct detection (IMDD) method, and this is a economical and efficient method     

实时视频网络传输系统实现技术

实时视频网络传输技术的研究对开展视频应用具有重大意义。本文给出了一个实时视频网络传输系统的实现框图,并结合该原理框图,分析了实时视频网络传输系统的关键技术:视频采集、视频编码/解码和网络传输控制协议。其中特别强调了发送端的面向通信的视频编码、接收端的错误隐藏和差错恢复和提供视频应用服务质量保护(QoS)的网络传输控制协议,同时给出具体的实现方式。最后与嵌入式系统开发相结合,搭建了一个用户终端开发平台。     

分布式无线移动通信系统中远端天线单元动态选择方法研究

分布式无线移动通信系统是由多个远端天线单元(RAU)通过有线或无线传输方式连接到基站组成的系统,其远端天线单元的选择方案将影响移动通信系统的性能。该文在分析移动通信系统容量、信号传输可靠性和系统传输业务质量(QoS)保障的基础上,研究动态选择RAU的基本准则,探讨分布式无线移动通信系统中RAU的动态选择方法,并在蜂窝小区场景和曼哈顿场景中对一种面向系统容量优化的动态选择RAU方法的系统容量分布和RAU数量的选择结果进行仿真, 仿真结果表明,采用此动态选择方法的系统具有较高的系统容量和平稳的小区容量分布。     

FDTD软件中S参数提取方法的讨论与分析

利用基于时域有限差分(FDTD)的电磁场数值仿真软件,如XFDTD等对传输线、天线等结构进行仿真计算时,只能提取激励点的S参数,而在实际应用中,需要提取传输线等结构任意截面的S参数。针对该问题,本文采用坡印亭矢量和驻波比两种方法,通过XFDTD软件输出的稳态场分布获得S参数,并与传输线理论计算所得S参数进行比较,验证了这两种方法的可行性。     

ATC ground communications system optimization techniques

The authors address the optimization of three major components of the US Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA's) hybrid leased/owned ground communications system supporting air traffic control (ATC). The optimizations are performed with respect to cost, performance, and reliability. First, optimization of the radio communications link (RCL) backbone microwave transmission system is discussed. A heuristic optimization procedure that minimizes cost subject to capital cost and availability constraints is presented. Second, two levels of user access network (UAN) optimization are discussed. The first level is optimization of the selection of RCL sites to open as drop-and-insert points for access by private leased-line UANs. The second level is optimization of the selection of transmission media used for implementing UANs. A dynamic programming method is presented for identifying FAA facilities where low-density microwave UANs are cost-effective. Third, optimization of the National Airspace Data Interchange Network (NADIN) II packet data switching system is discussed. Because this network will use the FAA-owned RCL transmission resources, the primary measures for optimization are performance and reliability instead of cost. Two methods are presented for this problem: an analytic method and a simulation method     

A protocol for adaptive transmission in direct-sequence spread-spectrum packet radio networks

Wireless communication channels may change greatly from one transmission to the next, due to variations in propagation loss and interference. The use of fixed transmission parameters for such channels results in wasted energy when channel conditions are good. Adaptation of the power, code rate, and symbol rate reduces energy consumption and interference caused to other systems. Such adaptation requires information about the characteristics of the channel, which is more difficult to obtain in a packet radio network (PRN) or other mobile ad hoc network than in a typical cellular communication system. We develop methods for providing partial information about the channel state from three statistics that are derived by different subsystems in the receiving terminals of a direct-sequence spread-spectrum PRN. We present and evaluate a protocol that uses this information to adapt the transmission parameters in response to changes in interference and propagation conditions in the network. The performance of the new adaptive-transmission protocol is compared with a system with fixed transmission parameters and with an adaptive protocol that is furnished with perfect knowledge of the channel state at the completion of each transmission.     

Cooperative OFDM for semi distributed detection in wireless sensor networks

In this paper, parallel distributed detection in wireless sensor network (WSN) is investigated. Sensors are assumed to be transmitting their local decisions to a fusion center through a wireless fading channel using cooperative transmission. To enable cooperative transmission, sensors are divided into groups where sensors in each group help each other in transmitting their decisions in a way that the fusion center receives each local decision as an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) block. The fusion center detects all OFDM blocks sent by all groups to process them in order to obtain a final (global) decision. Using this cooperative transmission scheme enables the fusion center to apply diversity combining methods in order to reduce the fading effects of the channel. Optimal and sub-optimal fusion rules are derived for such system. Simulation results are provided to show the performance improvement that can be obtained compared to the conventional system where each local decision is transmitted to the fusion center individually and no diversity technique is applied at the fusion center.     

Use of Satellite Technologies for Power System Measurements, Command, and Control

This paper analyzes the use of wide-area measurement technologies including satellite-based methods for the command and control of power systems. The methods studied include the global positioning system (GPS) and low earth orbit satellites (LEOS). Satellite technologies have been used in a variety of applications requiring precise timing between geographically diverse locations. The deregulation of the electric power industry is placing increased demands on power transmission system utilization. Because deregulated power systems utilize long-distance high-power exchanges, satellite-based communication systems are useful in control of geographically large interconnected power systems. In this paper, the satellite-based measurements and commands are introduced for wide-area control. With the support of wide-area signals, a multiagent supervisory-level power system stabilizer is proposed here as a potential wide-area control structure. Increased loading of transmission facilities is an impetus for accurate dynamic thermal overhead electrical conductor ratings. The application of satellite-based measurement for improving the dynamic thermal rating of overhead transmission circuits is suggested.     

结合波束形成与发射分集的闭环下行发射方案

多天线技术是提高下行发射性能的一种有效方法。波束形成(BF)和发射分集(TD)均通过使用多个天线来有效地改善系统性能并提高信道容量。该文提出了一种将BF和TD结合用于闭环通信系统的自适应下行发射方案, 它包括适合于慢变信道的分集阵列方法和适合于快变信道的波束形成阵列方法。基站可以根据实际的信道状况自适应地调整发射方法。文中详细地介绍了自适应方案的实现算法,并对算法的复杂度和适应环境进行了分析。仿真结果证明新方案可以同时获得BF增益和TD增益,在使系统的误比特率(BER)性能大幅提高的同时,增强了系统对信道变化的适应能力。     

随钻电磁波在矿产识别中的应用分析

相比泥浆脉冲传输而言,随钻电磁波传输方式具有不依赖钻井泥浆介质循环、信息传输快等优点,此外,电磁波对于地层电阻率反映灵敏度高,便于及时发现矿产目的层. 正是基于上述特点,近年来随钻电磁波传输系统越来越广泛地应用于石油、天然气和煤层气（煤矿）等矿产资源的开发. 文中采用不同于以往的随钻电磁波传输分析方法,即根据电磁波在地层中传播规律和极低频（extremely low frequency, ELF）电磁波的近场辐射特性,采用等效电路法对随钻电磁波在地层信道中的传输进行分析. 此外,根据等效电路分析结果,利用地面接收电磁波信号幅度包络瞬时变化率大小来作为判断地层电阻率特性的条件. 山西沁水煤层探测案例实际结果验证了提出的方法在煤炭等矿产资源探测方面具有明显时效性,进一步证明了随钻电磁波信息传输系统可以同时兼作一种有效的实时测井系统.     

The Advantages of Partitioning Multicast Transmissions in a Single-Hop Optical WDM Network*

In a single-hop WDM optical network, a straightforward approach to implementing multicasting is to schedule a single transmission to multiple destinations so that all of the destinations may receive the same transmission by tuning their receivers to the same channel at the same time. Although scheduling a single transmission in this manner reduces the amount of transmitter and channel resources being used, it may also place a burden on the receivers in the network. If all receivers do not become available at the same time, then some receivers may have to wait (and be idle) for significantly long periods of time before receiving the message. In this paper, we investigate methods for partitioning a multicast group into a number of smaller subgroups and for scheduling a separate transmission for each of these subgroups. We show that this approach more effectively conserves and balances the usage of transmitter and receiver resources in the network and may lead to significantly improved system performance over the conventional single-transmission multicast approach.     

A Simplified Power Adaptation Scheme for Wireless Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

Recently, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been received more and more attention because of its ability to eliminate large ISI, multipath delay and high spectral efficiency. The principle of OFDM is to divide the frequency selective multipath wireless channels into a set of orthogonal flat fading subchannels, so that a high-speed data stream is split into a set of lower rate streams. OFDMA is a kind of air interface access based on OFDM. In OFDMA, the carriers ar…     

Comparison of downlink transmission strategies for distributed antenna systems with multi-antenna arrays

In multi-user distributed antenna systems(DAS),the scenario where each distributed antenna port is a multi-antenna array has not been comprehensively studied.In this article,four simple extended methods for downlink transmission are analyzed and compared in this scenario,two of which are based on the block diagonalization(BD) algorithm,namely joint BD and intra BD method.The other two methods are joint time division multiplexing(TDM) method and central antenna system(CAS) method.These four methods are evalu...     

Fiber-optic transmission of microwave 64-QAM signals

Experimental results on fiber-optic transmission of microwave 64-level quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) signals at a 1.3 μm wavelength at a 90 Mb/s transmission rate are presented. Two important methods of improving the system performance are discussed and demonstrated: laser intensity noise minimization and error-correction coding using a self-orthogonal convolutional code. The applicability of this transmission technique to the distribution of digital TV services is assessed     

用于电力系统输电线潮流计算的一种方法--TLM法

从传输线理论出发,介绍了一种同时对时间和空间进行离散化的数值计算方法一传输线模型法,简称TLM法。利用该法推导出三相电力输电线的TLM模型,并应用该模型通过实例进行计算,计算结果与其它方法相比较很接近,证明该方法是正确的。可用于远距离、超高压电力输电线的各种计算中,并可推广应用于电磁场、声波、热传导等领域。     

双智能反射平面辅助无线携能通信系统的安全通信优化

研究采用两个智能反射平面保障无线携能通信系统信息传输的物理层安全。通过联合优化两个智能反射平面的反射波束成形和基站的发射波束成形以最大化系统的总信息传输速率,同时满足基站的发射功率约束、能量收集用户的最小能量收集约束与最大窃听速率约束,以及智能反射平面反射系数的模一约束。由于存在两个智能反射平面之间的反射链路,所构建优化问题的优化变量高度耦合,难以直接求解。提出一种基于交替优化、半正定松弛和连续凸逼近的算法求问题的次优解。仿真结果表明,与现有的基准方案相比,所提算法能在保证信息传输安全和满足能量传输要求的情况下大幅提高系统的总数据速率。