二维传热数模在高炉炉缸炉底结构设计中的应用

采用二维传热数学模型对高炉炉缸炉底进行温度场分布计算,探讨了炉缸炉底的传热规律和抗侵蚀能力。计算结果表明,利用导热性能不同的耐火材料进行合理组合,可以获得理想等温线分布的炉缸炉底结构。     

考虑相变传热的炉缸传热模型的研究与应用

为了更准确地模拟高炉炉缸炉底的侵蚀状况,建立了考虑相变传热的非稳态炉缸炉底传热模型,并对不同的凝固潜热处理方法进行了比较.重点研究了修正温度回升法和潜热作为源项的处理方法,给出了不同潜热处理方法的使用条件.计算结果表明,与传统的不考虑凝固潜热的模型相比,考虑相变传热的模型能够更加准确地模拟炉缸实际侵蚀状况.应用潜热作为源项处理的模型对武钢l号高炉炉缸炉底的温度场进行模拟,并与热电偶实测温度进行对比,模拟结果与实测温度非常接近,平均温差小于10℃.该模型能够很好地模拟高炉炉缸炉底的侵蚀状况.     

陶瓷杯技术在300m~3高炉上的应用

１问题的提出随着高炉的超强化冶炼,炉底、炉缸耐火砖衬的侵蚀日趋加剧,高炉的一代寿命仅维持４年左右,且高炉的利用系数偏低,高产与长寿的矛盾日益突出,为了解决炉衬侵蚀加剧的矛盾,使大修后的高炉尽快达到高产,安阳炼铁厂与武汉武碳中心联合开发,并相继在炼铁厂...     

铅对高炉炉底炭砖的侵蚀机制

为了防治铅对炉底衬砖的侵蚀,对被铅侵蚀的高炉炉底炭砖残砖试样进行了性能测试和显微结构分析,并重点分析了含铅量高的炉底炭砖的显微结构,研究了铅在炭砖中的存在形式和分布状态。结果表明:金属铅可以渗入炉底炭砖的气孔中;铅渗入炭砖对炭砖强度、抗氧化性、抗碱性等性能有明显的不利影响;铅对炭砖的侵蚀机制是铅渗透到炭砖的孔隙中氧化膨胀而破坏砖体;防治铅害的措施是尽量少用铅含量高的入炉原料,炉缸炉底采用超微孔炭砖,强化炉缸炉底冷却。     

高炉炉缸的蚀损

炉缸是高炉最关键的部位，其寿命长短主要取决于炉缸耐火材料的蚀损性能，为了获得高炉的高寿命，必须了解蚀损机理以及监测和控制蚀损过程。     

冶炼含氟矿石实验高炉炉衬的侵蚀问题的研究

结合某地含氟铁矿石的冶炼试验,研究了实验高炉砖衬的破坏机理,以探讨由于氟的存在,因而导致的新的侵蚀因素的作用。从拆除砖衬中系统地采取样品,进行了化学分析,岩相分析和一些辅助试验——观察了氟化物与碱金属化合物的混合物对于粘土砖及高铝砖的侵蚀作用。试验结果指出,炉缸砖衬的破坏,主要是由于含氟炉渣的溶解作用。而含氟碱金属化合物熔融物质则可能是破坏炉腹以上砖衬的主要因素。氟的存在会加强侵蚀物对砖衬作用后的熔融程度,增加溶解度,降低粘度,因而加速了破坏过程的进行。高铝砖,特别是含 Al_2O_3量高而组织致密的、具有较强的抵抗合氟碱金属化合物熔体侵触的能力,但是对组织开展的高铝砖则有严重的渗透现象。砌在炉身中、下部的炭砖,在实验条件下没有遭受到显著的侵蚀。高炉的寿命在很大程度上决定于耐火材料的品质和对它的合理选择与使用。实际生产常常因为砖衬的严重破坏而被迫停炉,或影响到冶炼过程的顺行。因此研究高炉耐火材料在不同冶炼条件下的损毁问题,从而为耐火材料的适当选择提供依据,以改进高炉的使用情况,提高其生产效率是值得注意的一项问题。各国学者们对高炉炉衬的破坏机理,曾进行了有价值的工作。主要破坏因素可概括为:机械磨损,一氧化碳的崩...     

微孔模压小炭块的开发应用

根据高炉炉底炉缸的破损机理，我们选用优质电煅烧无烟煤为主要原料，煤沥青或改性沥青为粘结剂，加入特殊添加剂，采用高压模压成型，高温烧成。精磨加工工艺而生产的微孔模压小炭块，具有严格的尺寸公差和优良的理化性能，以期解决炉底炉缸环状断裂和蒜头状异常侵蚀问题，使高炉一代寿命到达10－15年，该产品已用于杭钢1号高炉炉缸，三钢2号高炉炉底，昆钢5号高炉炉缸，效果良好。     

高炉炉缸用新型灌浆料

高炉经过一定时间的生产后,其炉缸区域炭砖的损毁一方面会因物理化学性能差或者是炉缸结构造成的热应力而出现环形裂缝,炭砖的环形裂缝以及内衬与炉壳或冷却设备之间产生了煤气通道,热煤气在贯通的通道内流动会使得炉缸区域局部温度升高;另一方面,"象脚"的形成会导致炉缸炭砖变薄,从而影响炉缸区域1 150℃等温线的外移而加速"死铁层"内铁水对炭砖的侵蚀.维修的主要手段就是对炉缸温度过高的区域进行压力灌浆堵缝.灌浆料的压入会填充并堵塞煤气泄漏的通道,以此减缓并解决炉缸温度高的现象.     

中国炼铁高炉数学模型的研究与应用现状

随着生铁产量的不断提高和炼铁科学技术的持续进步,数学模型的重要性在中国逐渐得到了认可,研究开发了各种高炉数学模型,包括专家系统等在内的许多模型在高炉设计、生产管理和操作指导等方面得到了推广应用.本文扼要介绍了最受关注的那些传统数学模型及专家系统的建模方法及应用状况,主要涉及高炉炉顶布料、炉型维护、炉缸炉底侵蚀、煤粉喷吹、炉热控制、炉况顺行等,对热风炉数学模型也做了简单介绍.最后讨论了中国高炉数学模型未来可能的发展方向.     

唐钢1号高炉合理操作炉型的控制技术

高炉炉型的控制是高炉顺行和长寿的基础.通过对高炉炉型影响因素的分析,结合唐钢1号高炉炉型操作实践,逐步优化和完善高炉炉型管理,选择合理的装料制度、送风制度、加热制度和造渣制度以及正确的炉内参数调整,制定出了合理操作炉型的控制技术,使唐钢1号高炉的技术经济指标得到全面提高,综合焦比降至500 kg/t以下,高炉有效利用系数提高到2.3t(m3·d)以上,达到了优质、长寿、低耗和高效的目的.     

我国高炉用耐火材料的进展

结合高炉炉身、炉缸、炉底、风口和出铁沟的工作条件,阐述了相应部位用耐火材料的发展进程。     

Mathematical Model of Hearth and Bottom Erosion in Blast Furnace

Furnace lining erosion is closely related to the operation stability and safety. The detection technology for hearth lining thickness of blast furnace was introduced.By using the data of thermocouples installed in the bottom of furnace hearth,a mathematical model of erosion was established; the real state of the hearth and bottom erosion was studied; the erosion condition was followed,serving for the furnace longevity.     

Dissolution behavior of a novel Al2O3-SiC-SiO2-C composite refractory in blast furnace slag

Al₂O₃-SiC-SiO₂-C composite refractories are interesting potential blast furnace hearth lining materials that feature several advantageous properties. In this study, the corrosion resistance of a novel Al₂O₃-SiC-SiO₂-C composite refractory to blast furnace slag was investigated by adopting a rotating immersion method (25 r/min) at 1450–1550 °C and comparing it against a conventional corundum-based refractory at 1550 °C as a benchmark. The results showed that the apparent activation energy of Al₂O₃-SiC-SiO₂-C composite refractory over the dissolution process in the slag is 150.4 kJ/mol. Dissolution of the Al₂O₃ and 3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂ phases appeared to be the main cause of Al₂O₃-SiC-SiO₂-C composite refractory corrosion. High-melting-point compounds in the slag layer formed a protective layer which mitigated the corrosion. The novel Al₂O₃-SiC-SiO₂-C composite refractory is better suited to blast furnace hearth lining than the conventional corundum-based refractory, because the carbon phase and SiC phase in the material are not readily wetted by the blast furnace slag and therefore are more resistant to slag penetration. Higher melting point phases also may crystallize on the hot face of the hearth lining due to the high thermal conductivity of the Al₂O₃-SiC-SiO₂-C composite refractory, promoting a more stable protective layer.     

大型高炉维修用耐火喷补料

阐述了宝钢１号高炉内衬维修用耐火喷补料的试验动究情况．为保持１号高炉炉身与炉缸、炉底的寿命同步，对炉身上部采用定期热态遥控喷补技术，于１９９３年２月和１０月两次实施获得成功。     

大型高炉维修用耐火喷补料

阐述了宝钢１号高炉内衬维修用耐火喷补料的试验研究情况。为保持１号高炉炉身与炉缸、炉底的寿命同步，对炉身上部采用定期热态遥控喷补技术，于１９９３年２月和１０月两次实施获得成功。     

Oxidation behavior and kinetics of Al2O3-SiC-SiO2-C refractories in CO2 atmosphere

Al₂O₃-SiC-SiO₂-C refractories are widely used as blast furnace hearth lining but have low oxidation resistance in the presence of CO₂. Carbon composite brick is a newly developed Al₂O₃-SiC-SiO₂-C refractory that may function better in the blast furnace hearth due to improved erosion-resistance and high thermal conductivity. In this study, the oxidation behavior and kinetics of carbon composite brick, carbon brick, and corundum brick were investigated in CO₂ atmosphere. The results show the oxidation resistance of carbon composite brick was better than that of carbon brick but worse than that of corundum brick. SiC functions as an antioxidant to play an important role in the oxidation process. For carbon composite brick, the oxidation activation energy was 141.72 kJ/mol at the step controlled by the interface reaction and 161.24 kJ/mol at the step controlled by gas diffusion. Carbon composite brick exhibits improved thermal conductivity and oxidation resistance relative to carbon brick and corundum brick that should allow improved performance in blast furnace hearth lining.     

Change in lining construction for a blast furnace with a volume of 3000 m3 during first category major overhaul

Blast furnace No. 1 of OAO West-Siberia Metallurgical Combine was shut down for first category major overhaul on 06.15.2007. In putting out a tender for the choice of supplier of refractories for lining the blast furnace a mandatory condition was use of a “ceramic shell” and provision of a furnace operating life of not less than 20 years. Seven companies took part in the tender for the supply of lining refractories. The major overhaul of blast furnace No. 1 was carried out in a record short time, i.e. the period from the instant of shutdown to start-up was 107 days. Shortening of the repair time was promoted by use in the hearth (including the tuyere zone) of lining previously assembled and inspected by the supplier. Use of high quality refractory materials made it possible to increase the distance between the axes of the tap-holes and blast-furnace bottom to 2.4 m. Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 12–15, August 2008.     

高炉用耐火材料的发展

结合当前国内外高炉对耐火材料的要求，概述了高炉炉身、炉腰、炉腹、炉缸用耐火材料的发展状况。