标准模型下的灵活细粒度授权密文一致性检测方案

密文一致性检测公钥加密方案是一种检测者能够在无需解密密文的情况下检测一对密文的一致性,即该对密文解密所得明文是否一致的公钥加密方案.已有工作中提及的细粒度授权方案和灵活授权方案在授权粒度方面对密文一致性检测公钥加密方案的功能性进行了改进:细粒度授权方案允许2名用户生成专用于检测这2名用户的所有密文的一致性的令牌.灵活授权方案则将令牌的授权客体从用户级别拓展至指定密文级别.2种方案拥有各自的应用场景且在功能性方面互不包含.因此提出灵活细粒度授权密文一致性检测公钥加密方案.与已有方案相比,该方案在计算效率和参数大小方面相当,并具备适应性选择密文攻击安全性、细粒度授权安全性.该方案兼具细粒度授权特性与灵活细粒度特性.同时,对比依赖预言机模型的已有相关方案,其安全性证明基于标准模型之上.     

基于多认证中心和属性子集的属性加密方案

将有密文规则的基于属性子集的属性加密方案中的想法应用到有多个认证中心的境中,实现了既支持多认证中心,又支持以属性子集的方式定制密文规则的属性加密方案.在我们的属性加密系统中,每个认证中心管理用户不同类别的属性集并且可以定制相应的密文规则进行属性加密;解密时,在每个认证中心上用户的属性集合先要通过这个认证中心上的密文规则的验证,才能够解密得到该认证中心的局部主密钥,只有得到全部局部主密钥才能解密出由系统主密钥加密的密文.同时因为在每个认证中心上支持以属性子集的方式定制密文规则,这使我们的方案能够更好支持复杂的密文规则的定制,所以我们的方案更加适合应用在有多个认证中心并且用户属性和密文规则复杂的环境.另外我们还提出了相应的安全模型并且证明方案的安全性.     

针对全同态加密体制的反馈攻击

全同态加密体制能够在不解密的条件下对密文进行任意的函数运算,是解决云计算中数据隐私保护难题的关键技术。构造全同态加密方案的核心是有效控制密文同态运算中的噪声增长,稀疏子集和问题是实现该目标所需的基本困难性问题。针对基于该问题困难性的全同态加密方案,提出一种改进的反馈攻击方法,使攻击者可以对公钥中的部分数据进行特定计算,通过访问解密谕示得到完整的私钥。分析结果表明,该方法能够充分利用预计算提高攻击效率,对基于稀疏子集和问题的全同态加密方案具有良好的适用性。     

针对全同态加密体制的反愤攻击

全同态加密体制能够在不解密的条件下对密文进行任意的函数运算,是解决云计算中数据隐私保护难题的关键技术。构造全同态加密方案的核心是有效控制密文同态运算中的噪声增长,稀疏子集和问题是实现该目标所需的基本困难性问题。针对基于该问题困难性的全同态加密方案,提出一种改进的反馈攻击方法,使攻击者可以对公钥中的部分数据进行特定计算,通过访问解密谕示得到完整的私钥。分析结果表明,该方法能够充分利用预计算提高攻击效率,对基于稀疏子集和问题的全同态加密方案具有良好的适用性。     

一种基于属性的固定密文长度广播加密方案*

针对目前基于属性的广播加密方案存在密文较长、加解密时计算花销较大等问题,提出了一种高效的密文策略的基于属性的广播加密方案。该方案基于椭圆曲线加密算法,采用动态门限访问结构,加密方可根据需要动态调整门限值。该方案仅当用户的身份信息包含在广播的授权用户集合中并且用户的属性包含在访问结构中时,解密方方可通过双线性配对运算进行密文解密。方案的密文长度及加解密双线性对运算次数固定,计算效率高并且通信开销小。仿真结果验证了方案的有效性。方案安全性是建立在q-BDHE假设之上,在标准模型下可证CPA安全。     

基于CP-ABE的隐藏属性外包解密访问控制

传统的属性基加密方案中数据拥有者将访问结构和密文保存在一起,于是用户收到密文消息的同时也收到了访问结构,但访问结构本身就可能包含数据拥有者的隐私信息。本文提出一种基于密文策略属性基加密(Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption, CP-ABE)的隐藏属性外包解密访问控制方案。该方案既能隐藏数据拥有者制定的访问控制策略中的属性,同时将计算密集型解密操作交给代理服务器完成,又能保证未经授权的属性授权中心或代理服务器不能独自解密共享的加密数据。     

基于代理的即时属性撤销KP-ABE方案

属性撤销是属性基加密方案在实际应用中亟须解决的问题,已有支持间接撤销模式的可撤销属性基加密方案存在撤销延时或需要更新密钥及密文等问题。为此,提出一种间接模式下基于代理的支持属性即时撤销的密钥策略属性基加密方案,该方案不需要用户更新密钥及重加密密文,通过在解密过程中引入代理实现撤销管理,减轻了授权机构的工作量,其要求代理为半可信,不支持为撤销用户提供访问权限及解密密文。分析结果表明,该方案支持细粒度访问控制策略,并且可以实现系统属性的撤销、用户的撤销及用户的部分属性撤销。     

云计算多授权中心CP-ABE代理重加密方案

代理重加密技术可使代理在不知道明文的条件下实现密文访问策略转换,这使代理重加密成为用户之间进行数据分享的重要技术。然而,代理重加密方案大多数是在单授权中心下构建的,存在授权机构权限大、易出现性能瓶颈和用户的计算开销大等问题。同时,大多数方案不满足代理重加密应具备的5个基本特性：单向性、可控性、非交互性、可重复性与可验证性。为解决以上问题,提出支持重复可控特性的云计算多授权中心CP-ABE（ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption）代理重加密方案。在密文策略属性加密方案的基础上,引入代理加密和代理解密服务器从而减小用户客户端的计算开销,设置多个属性授权中心来分散中央机构权限。对代理重加密技术进行改进：在重加密密钥中设置随机因子和密文子项来实现单向性和可控性;设置的重加密密钥由客户端独立生成,不需要其他服务器参与,可实现非交互性,即可在数据拥有者为不在线状态时也可以进行数据分享;在初始密文中设置密文子项,对其多次加密即可实现重复性;在初始密文中设置验证子项,用户可验证外包以及重加密结果正确与否。通过与其他方案对比发现,所提方案的用户客户端计算开销较小,用户只需进行常数次的指数运算即可对原始密文解密,且安全性分析表明,所提方案基于q-parallel BDHE假设,在标准模型下可抵抗选择密文攻击。     

条件型非对称跨加密系统的代理重加密方案

为了减轻云应用中移动设备解密的负担,利用基于身份的广播加密（IBBE）、基于身份的加密（IBE）、基于身份的条件型广播代理重加密方案,提出了多条件型非对称跨加密系统的代理重加密方案。该方案允许发送方将信息加密成IBBE密文,一次性发送给多个接收方,其中任一接收方又可以授权给代理者一个多条件型的重加密密钥,代理者利用该多条件型重加密密钥,能将符合多个条件的原始密文重加密成一个新的接收方可以解密的IBE密文。该方案实现了从IBBE加密系统到IBE加密系统的非对称代理重加密,而且代理者可以根据条件将最初的原始密文进行重加密,避免了不需要进行重加密的原始密文被代理者重加密,提高了代理者重加密的效率,同时节约了接收方获悉正确明文的时间。     

基于双线性映射的多对一加密认证方案

研究群组密码学中的一个子类:多对一加密认证方案.该方案主要用于解决分布式系统中的一个实际问题:当有大量用户发送密文给接收者时,如何减轻接收者和KGC的密钥管理负担.使用椭圆曲线上的双线性映射作为工具,在多对一加密认证方案的定义和安全模型下,构造了一个具体的方案,同时证明了该方案的安全性.合法发送者使用他的加密密钥产生密文,该密钥与接收者的身份和解密密钥有关,解密者仅使用他唯一的解密密钥就可以解密任何合法的密文,并可以认证发送者的身份.该方案的计算复杂性和密文长度不依赖于合法发送者的数量.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。