掺杂铈的纳米羟基磷灰石的合成

本研究的主要目的是探讨掺杂铈的纳米羟基磷灰石的合成及其结构。本实验在反应原料中以不同的 X_(Ce)=Ce/(Ca Ce)(摩尔比)引入铈离子(范围在0%到10%),采用了水热法合成掺杂铈的纳米羟基磷灰石。用 TEM、EDS、XRD 和 FTIR 对合成产物的微观形貌、化学成分和晶体结构进行分析表征。分析结果表明 Ce~(3 )可进入羟基磷灰石晶格中,置换其中的 Ca~(2 );颗粒尺寸能随着 X_(Ce)的增大而变大,当 X_(Ce)≤5%时全是纳米级的颗粒。总而言之,本实验证明利用水热法可合成成分纯且分布均匀的掺杂铈的纳米羟基磷灰石是可行的。     

CuO/Ce_(1-x)Zr_xO_2催化剂的合成及表征测试

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列CuO/Ce_(1-x)Zr_xO_2催化剂,考察了催化剂中氧化铜的含量、载体中的铈锆比和焙烧温度对催化剂活性的影响。利用XRD对所制催化剂的晶相结构进行了表征;H2-TPR研究了催化剂的氧化还原能力;以NO的转化效率作为评价指标,进行了催化活性评价。测试结果表明450℃焙烧的催化剂活性较好,在同一铈锆固溶体上负载不同比例的CuO,对于x%CuO/Ce_(0.9)Zr_(0.1)O_2负载CuO量为11.5%、温度达到190℃时,NO转化率达到50%;300℃时NO转化率接近100%。不同铈锆比对催化剂活性具有一定的影响,对于11.5%CuO/Ce_(1-x)Zr_xO_2系列催化剂,当x=0.1时活性较好,完全转化温度比纯铈基载体降低了50℃。     

微晶纤维素基复合材料的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的催化降解性能

以微晶纤维素(MCC)为原料,通过在其表面负载纳米氧化铜颗粒(CuO NPs),添加3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(CPTES)与二乙醇胺(DEA)进行接枝反应制备CuO NPs@MCC–Si–N(OH)₂复合材料。探讨了DEA添加量对CuO NPs@MCC–Si–N(OH)₂性能的影响,表征并分析了改性微晶纤维素红外光谱、晶体结构、表面形貌和热稳定性。结果表明,CuO NPs可成功负载在MCC表面,硅烷偶联剂可提高复合材料的分散性与接枝胺基的能力,进而增强其催化活性,使硼氢化钠(NaBH₄)与亚甲基蓝(MB)氧化还原反应效率增加,快速降解MB染色剂。通过优化发现DEA用量为20wt%时制得的CuO NPs@MCC–Si–N(OH)₂催化效果最佳,CuO NPs@MCC–Si–N(OH)₂和NaBH₄的用量分别为30 mg和10 mg,处理30 mL 3 mmol/L MB溶液5 min后,MB去除率可达99.71%,五次循环性测试后,去除率为93.24%。      

掺锶羟基磷灰石纳米颗粒的合成、表征及模拟研究

锶(Sr)掺杂羟基磷灰石(HA)在生物材料中得到广泛应用。在此研究中, 使用水热合成的方法制备HA和Sr掺杂HA的纳米颗粒。通过实验和计算机模拟的方法研究Sr掺杂对HA化学成分、结晶度、晶格参数、形貌和形成能的影响。实验结果表明, Sr掺杂后的HA纳米颗粒晶格参数和晶体尺寸增大。随着Sr离子浓度的增加, Sr 掺杂HA的纳米颗粒的结晶度没有显著变化。模拟结果验证了实验得到的Sr 掺杂HA纳米颗粒晶格参数的准确性, 且进一步表明Sr 离子掺杂后纳米颗粒的形成能较低, 结构更稳定。当Sr掺杂浓度为10%时, Sr掺杂的优先位点是Ca(1); Sr掺杂浓度为50%时, Sr混合掺杂到Ca(1)和Ca(2)位点为更优先的掺杂模式。     

复合催化材料纳米氧化铜颗粒(CuO NPs)@纤维素纳米纤丝(CNF)-Si-N(OH)2的制备及其对4-硝基苯酚的催化还原性能

针对目前降解工业废水中4-硝基苯酚(4-NP)的催化剂效率低,催化活性差等问题,以桉木漂白化学浆为原料,通过超微粒研磨机和高压均质机处理制备得到直径50～100 nm和长度1 500～2 000 nm的纤维素纳米纤丝(CNF),在其表面原位负载纳米氧化铜颗粒(CuO NPs),并通过3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(CPTES)与二乙醇胺(DEA)进行接枝反应制备得到复合催化材料-CuO NPs@CNF-Si-N(OH)2。探讨了DEA添加量对CuO NPs@CNF–Si–N(OH)₂的性能影响,采用Zeta电位、FTIR、XRD、XPS、热重分析和形貌分析等方法对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,CuO NPs被原位还原并成功负载在CNF表面,其直径约为3.84 nm,负载量为3.83wt%,通过硅烷化改性及接枝胺基可提高CuO NPs在复合材料表面的分散性及稳定性,进而增强了其催化活性。CNF基复合催化材料对4-NP的催化还原结果显示,DEA添加量为20wt%下的CuO NPs@CNF-SiN(OH)₂对4-NP催化还原性能最佳,在180 s内可催化还...     

钴掺杂氧化铜/可见光协同活化PMS降解罗丹明B及其机理研究

元素掺杂是提升催化剂性能的重要方法。研究采用快速沉淀法制备了钴掺杂氧化铜(Co-doped CuO)纳米催化材料, 在可见光条件下, 20 min内其活化的过氧硫酸氢钾复合盐(PMS)对罗丹明B染料的降解率达到96%以上, 远优于同等条件制备的CuO。本研究还考察了溶液pH、染料初始浓度、催化剂用量等对降解效率影响。钴掺杂后氧化铜纳米颗粒由三维针梭状结构转变为近二维薄带状结构。同时钴掺杂提高了CuO的平带电位进而提升了电荷转移效率。XPS及EPR结果表明钴掺杂能够提高CuO的氧空位含量进而提升催化活性。捕获剂实验结果表明反应过程中的主要活性物种为空穴(h⁺_VB), 且羟基自由基(•OH)、单线态氧(¹O₂)、超氧自由基(•O₂^-)、硫酸根自由基(SO₄^-•)也参与了降解反应。最后, 本文初步阐明了Co-doped CuO协同可见光活化PMS降解有机污染物的反应机理。     

CuO掺杂对10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷导电性能的影响

利用冷压-烧结技术制备了CuO 掺杂的10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷,研究了CuO 掺杂量对10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷物相组成、显微结构、致密度及导电率的影响.结果表明:当CuO掺杂量为0～12.5%(质量分数)时, 烧结样品中主要含有NiO、Cu和NiFe2O4、CuO在氮气气氛下分解为金属Cu,在烧结温度下为液相促进了致密化烧结;1473K烧结时,8.75%CuO掺杂样品的相对密度最大,达到94.43%,比未掺杂样品的相对密度提高了18.16%;当CuO掺杂量为4%时,在1233K温度下样品达到最大导电率5.169S/cm,是未掺杂样品的导电率1.026S/cm的5倍.     

稀土掺杂TiO_2抗菌薄膜在不锈钢表面上的制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在不锈钢表面制备了稀土元素铈掺杂的TiO2抗菌薄膜,考察了铈的掺杂量对溶胶性能、薄膜防腐蚀性能以及抗菌性能的影响。研究表明:稀土元素铈的掺杂量对溶胶的黏度有一定的影响,控制提拉次数能在不锈钢表面制得均匀致密的抗菌膜,稀土元素铈掺杂TiO2薄膜在不锈钢表面的制备能提高不锈钢的防腐蚀性能,当铈的掺杂量为0.4%,制备出的薄膜抗菌性能最佳,杀菌率达到92.8%。     

铜掺杂纳米二氧化钛颗粒的相变研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备铜掺杂的纳米二氧化钛颗粒。应用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描透射电子显微镜(STEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)技术对纳米二氧化钛颗粒的物相组成、平均晶粒尺寸、微观结构、化学态及光吸收性能进行表征。结果表明:Cu掺杂抑制TiO_2的相变,在650℃时Cu的氧化物CuO在TiO_2颗粒表面出现,掺杂的Cu离子以Cu^+的形式存在。掺杂Cu的TiO_2光吸收带边显著红移,随着Cu掺杂量的提高,样品光吸收度提高,随着温度的升高,样品紫外-可见光光谱吸收带边红移。     

Zn~(2+)离子掺杂对纳米TiO_2薄膜电极表面形貌和紫外光电性能的影响

采用sol-gel法制备了Zn2+离子掺杂的锐钛矿相纳米TiO2薄膜电极。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、吸收光谱、原子力显微镜(AFM),结合光电流作用谱研究了Zn2+离子掺杂对TiO2薄膜电极表面形貌和紫外光电性能的影响。结果表明,在所选浓度范围内,Zn2+离子掺杂浓度对薄膜的相组成和紫外光吸收强度无明显作用,但可显著改变薄膜表面颗粒大小和形貌特征,从而影响电极光电性能。0.1%(摩尔分数)Zn2+离子的掺杂使膜内颗粒尺寸由30nm增大至40nm,同时使表面颗粒的生长具有一定的择优取向,颗粒形状由本征薄膜的类球形变为垂直于膜面的柱状颗粒。这一结构大幅增大了薄膜的表面积,提高了载流子在固-液界面的传输效率,促使电极光电流密度(PCD)比本征电极提高40%。随掺杂浓度的提高,表面颗粒尺寸逐渐增大,形状恢复为类球形,电极光电性能有所降低。当掺杂浓度达到5%(摩尔分数)时,颗粒粒径急剧增大至130nm,表面颗粒因熔点降低而熔合成无孔表面,导致电极PCD急剧降低。     

Influence of cerium dopant on magnetic and dielectric properties of ZnO nanoparticles

Ce-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) with different Ce doping concentrations (0, 0.96, 1.96, 2.52 and 3.12 at.% of Ce) were prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method. Energy-dispersive analysis of X-rays confirms the presence of Ce in Ce-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Raman spectra revealed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of pure and Ce-doped ZnO nanoparticles and presence of various defects. The photoluminescence spectra exhibited enhanced violet and blue emission peak intensities for 0.96 at.% of Ce, while broad band green emissions decreased with Ce content. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies revealed the presence of oxygen vacancies (V _O), zinc vacancies (V _Zn) and Ce³⁺ ions in the prepared ZnO nanoparticles. VSM studies showed room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) in the Ce-doped ZnO NPs. The substituted Ce³⁺ions found to induce RTFM along with V _O, V _Zn in correlation with the results obtained from the EPR, PL and Raman studies. The variation of dielectric constants (ε _r), dielectric loss (ε″) and ac conductivity (σ _ac) as a function of frequency and Ce concentration is studied using ‘Maxwell–Wagner Model.’     

Antibacterial behavior and related mechanisms of martensitic Cu-bearing stainless steel evaluated by a mixed infection model of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro

Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)are the most typical pathogenic bacteria with a significantly high risk of bio-contamination,widely existing in hospital and public places.Recent studies on antibacterial materials and the related mechanisms have attracted more interests of researchers.However,the antibacterial behavior of materials is usually evaluated separately on the single bacterial strain,which is far from the practical condition.Actually,the interaction between the polymicrobial communities can promote the growing profile of bacteria,which may weaken the antibacterial effect of materials.In this work,a 420 copper-bearing martensitic stainless steel(420 CuSS)was studied with respect to its antibacterial activity and the underlying mechanism in a co-culturing infection model using both E.coli and S.au reus.Observed via plating and counting colony forming units(CFU),Cu releasing,and material characterization,420 CuSS was proved to present excellent antibacterial performance against the mixed bacteria with an approximately 99.4%of antibacterial rate.In addition,420 CuSS could effectively inhibit the biofilm formation on its surfaces,resulting from a synergistic antibacterial effect of Cu ions,Fe ions,reactive oxygen species(ROS),and proton consumption of bacteria.     

Mussel-inspired multifunctional coating for bacterial infection prevention and osteogenic induction

Bacterial infection and osteogenic integration are the two main problems that cause severe complications after surgeries. In this study, the antibacterial and osteogenic properties were simultaneously introduced in biomaterials, where copper nanoparticles(Cu NPs) were generated by in situ reductions of Cu ions into a mussel-inspired hyperbranched polyglycerol(MI-h PG) coating via a simple dip-coating method.This hyperbranched polyglycerol with 10 % catechol groups’ modification presents excellent antifouling property, which could effectively reduce bacteria adhesion on the surface. In this work, polycaprolactone(PCL) electrospun fiber membrane was selected as the substrate, which is commonly used in biomedical implants in bone regeneration and cardiovascular stents because of its good biocompatibility and easy post-modification. The as-fabricated Cu NPs-incorporated PCL membrane [PCL-(MI-h PG)-Cu NPs]was confirmed with effective antibacterial performance via in vitro antibacterial tests against Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus), Escherichia coli(E. coli), and multi-resistant E. coli. In addition, the in vitro results demonstrated that osteogenic property of PCL-(MI-h PG)-Cu NPs was realized by upregulating the osteoblast-related gene expressions and protein activity. This study shows that antibacterial and osteogenic properties can be balanced in a surface coating by introducing Cu NPs.     

Antibacterial activity of SPIONs versus ferrous and ferric ions under aerobic and anaerobic conditions: a preliminary mechanism study

In modern medicine, major attention has been paid to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Recent studies have shown the antibacterial properties of SPIONs against some Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains. These nanoparticles (NPs) can bind to bacterial membranes via hydrophobic or electrostatic interactions and pass through cell barriers. In this study, the authors evaluated the antibacterial activity of magnetic NPs in comparison with ferrous and ferric ions. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the treated Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria were directly measured by fluorometric detection. The results showed that iron ions and SPIONs had significant dependent antimicrobial activities. SPIONs showed greater inhibitory effects than ferrous and ferric ions against the growth of treated bacterial strains under anaerobic conditions, while in aerobic conditions, ferrous showed the strongest antibacterial activity. In anaerobic conditions, they observed the greatest ROS formation and lowest minimum inhibitory concentration in the SPION‐treated group in comparison with the other groups. It seems that the release of iron ions from SPIONs and subsequent activation of ROS pathway are the main antibacterial mechanisms of action. Nevertheless, the greater antibacterial effect of SPIONs in anaerobic conditions represents other mechanisms involved in the antibacterial activity of these NPsInspec keywords: nanomagnetics, antibacterial activity, hydrophobicity, nanoparticles, superparamagnetism, biomedical materials, iron compounds, membranes, nanobiotechnologyOther keywords: ferrous ions, anaerobic conditions, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, antibacterial properties, bacterial membranes, electrostatic interactions, bacterial strains, aerobic conditions, SPION‐treated group, antibacterial effect, cell barriers, 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, reactive oxygen species, fluorometric detection, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli     

铜掺杂纳米 TiO2 的制备及其抗菌性能研究

目的制备铜掺杂纳米二氧化钛抗菌材料,测定其金属溶出率,研究该材料的光催化活性及抗菌性能。方法通过水热合成法制备掺铜二氧化钛(TiO_2Cu)纳米材料,采用催化动力学法测定该材料Cu~(~(2+))溶出率,以亚甲蓝为光催化降解材料测定其光催化活性,以金黄色葡萄球菌为目标物,研究在紫外光和非光条件下TiO_2Cu纳米材料的抗菌性能。结果 TiO_2Cu纳米材料Cu~(2+)溶出率最大值为72.36%,在自然光和紫外灯光照下对亚甲蓝光催化降解率分别为95.06%和85.08%,光照下TiO_2Cu材料质量浓度达到10 mg/m L,与细菌共培养90 min后,抑菌率可达94%。结论采用冷冻干燥法制备的含铜量为0.2%的TiO_2Cu材料具有良好的光催化活性,在暗光和紫外光照下均具有一定的抗菌性能。     

Cu nanoparticle-decorated two-dimensional carbon nanosheets with superior photothermal conversion efficiency of 65 ％ for highly efficient disinfection under near-infrared light

Low photothermal conversion efficiency restricts the antibacterial application of photothermal materials.In this work,two-dimensional carbon nanosheets (2D C) were prepared and decorated with Cu nanopar-ticles (2D C/Cu) by using a simple soluble salt template method combined with ultrasonic exfoliation.The photothermal conversion efficiency of 2D C/Cu system can be optimized by changing the content of Cu nanoparticles,where the 2D C/Cu2 showed the best photothermal conversion efficiency (η) of 65.05％ under 808 nm near-infrared light irradiation.In addition,the photothermal performance can affect the release behavior of Cu ions.This superior photothermal property combined with released Cu ions can endow this 2D hybrid material with highly efficient antibacterial efficacy of 99.97 ％ ± 0.01％,99.96 ％ ±0.01％,99.97 ％ ± 0.01％ against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and methicillin-resistant Staphylo-coccus aureus,respectively,because of the synergetic effect of photothermy and ion release.In addition,this 2D hybrid system exhibited good cytocompatibility.Hence,this study provides a novel strategy to enhance the photothermal performance of 2D materials and thus will be beneficial for development of antibiotics-free antibacterial materials with safe and highly efficient bactericidal activity.     

钼掺杂铜硅钙石的制备及其抗菌性能和细胞相容性研究

含铜生物材料在高浓度铜离子释放时对细菌有优异的抑制作用, 但同时具有细胞毒性; 而在低浓度铜离子释放时虽然具有良好的细胞相容性, 但其抗菌性能低。因此, 开发一种含铜生物材料, 使其能够在高浓度铜离子释放情况下同时具有优异抗菌性能和良好细胞相容性, 具有重要意义。本研究利用钼和铜之间的拮抗作用原理, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了钼掺杂铜硅钙石, 并通过细菌平板实验和细胞活力实验评价了材料的抗菌性能和细胞相容性。实验结果显示, 钼掺杂铜硅钙石释放的高浓度铜离子(高于8.87 μg∙mL ^-1)对金黄色葡萄球菌有良好的抑制性能。同时, 由于铜钼离子的拮抗作用能降低高浓度铜离子对细胞的毒性, 钼掺杂铜硅钙石释放的铜离子在9.65 μg∙mL ^-1的高浓度下依然能保证人脐静脉内皮细胞存活率高达90%。因此, 钼掺杂可以作为含铜生物材料降低其细胞毒性的一种有效途径, 为开发低细胞毒性含铜抗菌生物材料提供了新的路径。     

Synthesis and characterization of waterborne polyurethane/Cu(II)-loaded hydroxyapatite nanocomposites with antibacterial activity

A novel kind of environmentally friendly nanocomposites, waterborne polyurethane (WBPU)/Cu(II)-loaded hydroxyapatite (CuHAp), with improved physical properties and antibacterial activity have been prepared via in-situ polymerization from functionalized CuHAp nanoparticles (CuHAp NPs). The interaction of the CuHAp NPs with isophorone diisocyanate to form the functionalized CuHAp NPs containing isocyanate groups (CuHAp-g-NCO) has been studied. The microstructure and particle distribution of the nanocomposites were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The improvements of mechanical properties, thermal stability and water resistance of the nanocomposites have also been evaluated. Finally, the antibacterial activity was tested against G(-) Escherichia coli and G(+) Staphylococcus aureus by the zone of inhibition test and the direct contact test. The long-lasting antibacterial activity was studied by measuring antibacterial ability of the nanocomposites after being immersed in water. The results indicate that WBPU incorporation with CuHAp NPs shows strong antibacterial activity upon contact, and long-lasting antibacterial property.     

载铜锌纳米羟基磷灰石的抗菌性能及机理研究

在常压下合成了纳米羟基磷灰石（n—HA）浆料，并在水介质中制备了载铜、载锌和载铜锌双离子n—HA抗菌材料．运用原子吸收光谱（AAS）、转靶X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）等手段对材料的理化性能进行了表征．并对该抗菌材料的抗菌性能进行了研究．结果表明，载铜和载铜锌双离子n—HA抗菌材料对革兰氏阴性菌E．coil和革兰氏阳性菌S．aureus均有较强的抑制和杀灭作用，而载锌n—HA的抗菌能力较弱．本文还通过实验探讨了该抗菌材料的抗菌机理．     

Antibacterial and anticancer activity of biosynthesised CuO nanoparticles

The present investigation aims for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Nilgirianthus ciliatus plant extract. The obtained CuO NPs were characterised by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Significant bacterial activity was manifested by CuO nanoparticles against both Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus mutans) and Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The synthesised CuO NPs have good cytotoxicity against both human breast cancer cell line (MCF‐7) and lung cancer cell line (A549) with minimum cytotoxic effect on normal L929 (fibroblast) cell lines.Inspec keywords: microorganisms, ultraviolet spectra, nanomedicine, transmission electron microscopy, visible spectra, cellular biophysics, antibacterial activity, nanoparticles, X‐ray diffraction, lung, copper compounds, cancer, toxicology, biomedical materials, scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence, Fourier transform infrared spectraOther keywords: antibacterial activity, anticancer activity, biosynthesised CuO nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles, Nilgirianthus ciliatus plant, X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectrum, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy analysis, bacterial activity, Gram‐negative bacteria, synthesised CuO NPs, human breast cancer cell line, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus mutans, CuO