交联无卤阻燃LLDPE/EVA电缆料的研制

以LLDPE（线性低密度聚乙烯）、EVA（乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物）为基体树脂，ATH（氢氧化铝）、MH（氢氧化镁）为主阻燃剂，有机硅为阻燃增效剂，EVA-g-MAH（马来酸酐接枝乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物）为高分子相容剂，DCP（邻苯二甲酸二壬酯）为交联剂制备了交联无卤阻燃LLDPE／EVA电缆料。研究结果表明，在燃烧时有机硅能促进玻璃态无机炭化层隔氧膜的形成，有效地提高共混物的氧指数。以EVA-g-MAH作为共混体系的相容剂能够改善交联无卤阻燃LLDPE／EVA电缆料的加工性能、力学性能和阻燃性能。     

舰船用辐射交联无卤阻燃电缆护套料的研究

应用γ射线辐射交联技术,制备出以乙烯－醋酸乙烯/茂金属聚烯烃弹性体/纳米级改性氢氧化铝（EVA/POE/ ATH）为基材的舰船用无卤阻燃电缆护套料,探讨了共混物配比、ATH的种类与用量以及辐射剂量对材料力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,随着POE用量的增加,材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率增加,耐热老化性能提高,但硬度降低;纳米ATH的加入使材料具有较好的阻燃性能;材料的辐射交联工艺可弥补阻燃剂对材料力学性能的影响,在辐射剂量为80 kGy的条件下,采用EVA /POE/ATH ＝90/10/60（质量份数,下同）的共混体系可制备出综合性能优异的护套料。     

无卤阻燃交联聚烯烃热降解的研究简

通过热分析（TG）对无卤阻燃剂阻燃的交联聚烯烃体系进行了热分析,对其热降解的过程进行了研究,分析了其热降解的机理,采用Kissinger法、Ozawa法求解共混物及其复合交联物的热降解活化能.     

电子束辐照和氢氧化铝对LLDPE/EVA共混物凝胶含量和力学性能的影响

研究了电子束辐照剂量和氢氧化铝(ATH)的含量对线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)共混物凝胶含量和力学性能的影响。辐照剂量是影响LLDPE/EVA/ATH阻燃体系凝胶含量的主要因素,而ATH对其凝胶含量的影响较小。随着ATH含量的增加,LLDPE/EVA共混物的拉伸强度逐步增加,断裂伸长率迅速下降。所有阻燃体系的拉伸强度均是随着辐照剂量的增加而逐步增大,但辐照剂量对这些阻燃体系的断裂伸长率的影响却比较复杂。     

纳米SiO2对无卤阻燃LLDPE/PDMS交联共混体系性能的影响

分别采用高乙烯基含量硅橡胶（PDMS）及其混炼胶（PDMS—SiO2）与线型低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）进行熔融共混，制备了两种热塑性交联共混物；并通过添加阻燃母料（FM）分别制得两种阻燃交联共混物。比较研究了纳米SiO2对LLDPE／PDMS和LLDPE／PDMS／FM两种交联共混体系的力学性能和阻燃性能影响。结果表明：纳米SiO2对LLDPE／PDMS交联共混体系的力学性能无改善效果，而对LIDPE／PDMs／FM阻燃交联共混体系具有一定的增强作用；纳米SiO2均降低两种交联共混体系的阻燃性能。通过比较残炭率和观察残留炭层的结构形态，分析了两种胶料产生不同阻燃效果的原因，并进一步探讨了燃烧残炭率和炭层结构形态对材料阻燃性能的影响。     

EVA改性聚乙烯无卤阻燃泡沫塑料的研究

以乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）改性低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）,添加无卤阻燃剂氢氧化镁,采用高温混炼,化学交联,模压一步法来制备无卤阻燃改性PE泡沫,通过力学性能,扫描电镜,差示扫描量热法（DSC）3种测试方法,重点探讨了无卤阻燃剂Mg(OH)2对材料性能的影响以及EVA改性剂,协同阻燃剂三氧化二锑（Sb2O3),交联剂过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）,发泡剂偶氨二甲基酰胺（AC）,发泡剂N,N′－二亚硝基戊次甲基四胺（H）,填料等因素对无卤阻燃改性PE泡沫塑料性能的影响。实验结果表明：选择LDPE70份,醋酸乙烯（VA）质量分数33％的EVA30份,Mg(OH)2140份,AC4份,H4份,DCP0．8份,三盐基硫酸铅（3PbO)1份,二盐基亚磷酸铅（2PbO)1份,复合盐1份,硬脂酸（SA）1份,硬脂酸钡（BaSt)2份可制得阻燃性能,力学性能和加工性能较好的改性PE泡沫塑料。     

无卤阻燃硅烷交联POE复合材料的制备及性能研究

以硅烷交联聚烯烃弹性体（POE）为基体、Mg（OH）2为阻燃剂、（乙烯／乙酸乙烯酯）共聚物（E／VAC）为增容剂,制备了一种应用于无卤阻燃电缆料的高性能复合材料。考察了Mg（OH）2、E／VAC用量对复合材料拉伸性能、热延伸率、阻燃性能及耐高温老化性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜研究了复合材料断面的形貌特征。结果表明,当引发剂为0．1份、交联剂为2份、Mg（OH）2为140份、E／VAC为10份时,制备的无卤阻燃硅烷交联POE复合材料具有优异的力学性能、阻燃性能和耐高温老化性能,符合无卤阻燃聚烯烃电缆护套料的技术标准。     

胶粉/LLDPE弹性体合金的研制

系统研究了废胶粉（GRT）／线型低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）弹性体合金（GRT／LLDPE）的配方，以及粒径，GRT含量，相容剂和硫化剂（DCP）用量对共混物力学性能的影响，结果表明，采用两阶共混法，当GRT／LLDPE共混比为：60：40，DCP用量为2份，相容剂马来酸酐三单体接枝物用量为3－5份时，所得弹性体合金力学性能最佳，弹性体合金的拉伸强度从简单共混物的5．8Mpa上升到11．1MPa，撕裂强度从39．4kN/m，上升到63．4kN/m，断裂伸长率从180％增加到260％。     

APP/Sb2O3复合阻燃剂对聚乙烯性能的影响

以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)二元共混体系为基础树脂,膨胀型阻燃剂聚磷酸铵(APP)与三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)组成无卤膨胀型阻燃体系,研究APP/Sb2O3复合阻燃剂对复合阻燃体系阻燃性能的影响.结果表明,LDPE/LLDPE为100份,复合阻燃体系中APP/Sb2O3阻燃剂总添加量不低于40份时可达到FV-0阻燃级别;复合阻燃体系的力学性能、流动性能和加工性能均随阻燃剂含量的增加而变差.     

氢氧化铝/氢氧化镁协同阻燃低烟无卤聚烯烃电缆料的研究

以乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、聚乙烯(PE)为基体树脂,氢氧化铝(ATH)、氢氧化镁(MH)为阻燃剂,通过密炼、双螺杆、单螺杆双阶造粒工艺制备低烟无卤(LSZH)电缆料,通过研究ATH、MH含量以及ATH/MH配比对电缆料机械性能、阻燃性能、流变性能的影响,研究ATH/MH在聚烯烃中的协同阻燃效应,使其具有优异的综合性能,解决了高阻燃电缆料的市场需求。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.