交互式用户界面的形式化描述与性质验证

随着人机交互技术的发展,计算机和用户之间的接口越来越自然,但用户界面管理系统内部的复杂度却大大地增加了.目前提出的新一代用户界面的模型大都停留在概念模型阶段,缺乏对模型的严格描述和证明.该文结合对基于自然交互方式的用户界面的研究成果,归纳出了一个交互式用户界面的通用模型.为了保证系统设计的正确性,文章讨论了如何使用形式化描述语言LOTOS(language of temporal ordering specification)和基于动作的时序逻辑ACTL(action based temporal log     

用UML和Object-Z描述交互式系统的接口规格说明

随着图形用户界面的普及，交互已成为目前软件系统的一个重要特征。与传统的基于字符界面的软件系统相比，基于图形用户界面的软件系统，从某种程序上可看作是一个交互式系统。形式化的规格说明具有精确性，无二义性和一致性等优点，用形式化说明语言来描述交互式系统用户接口的规格说明有很强的实用价值。由于形式化的规格说明的可读很差，因此可以采用标准的对象建模UML来帮助对形式化规格说明的理解。     

Micro—UIDT：用户界面的开发工具

本文将介绍用户界面的开发工具:Micro-UIDT。该系统为用户界面的设计者提供交互式设计环境,所提供的进行用户界面设计的设计语言为一种非过程、图示语言。其中,进行用户界面的人-机对话控制部分的设计使用了状态转换图说明技术;而对应用数据显示部分的描述则通过直接作图和定义对该图的控制同应用数据间的关系来实现。Micro-UIDT还可将使用上述图示语言设计的用户界面变换为C语言处理程序。     

Integrated environments for formally well-founded design andsimulation of concurrent systems

An ongoing project concerned with the development of environments that support the specification and design of concurrent systems is reported. The project has two key aspects: an existing and working system, Clara, that supports Milner's CCS as a specification and design language; and the development of general techniques for computer-aided generation of Clara-like environments for other concurrent languages. The Clara environment is emphasized. It has two main components: support for the usage of formal techniques in the design process, and a rich and highly interactive simulation facility. A further distinguishing feature is the environment's graphical user interface which is based on a pictorial version of CCS. The semantics of CCS is defined nonprocedurally in two phases: an operational semantics given as a set of inference rules, and an algebraic semantics represented by a set of equational rules     

An interactive package for the computer-aided design of woven fabrics

In the textile Industry, the design of new fabrics requires interactive facilities for the specification of the weaving parameters, their modification and the simulation of the weaving result. In the present paper, an interactive package for the design of woven fabrics is presented. It allows the hierarchical specification of three kinds of yarns and contains simple tools for the modification of the colors through the definition of color maps. The internal data structure is discussed, together with the user interface. Some weaving examples are presented.     

基于袁单的业务系统界面逻辑模型获取的研究

为了支持界面设计的自动化，国内外的研究提出了基于语言的设计工具、交互式图形描述工具和基于模型的生成工具。但是这些工具都只是从界面本身考虑设计和编码的自动化，没有从用户需求出发考虑界面的设计。该文从需求模型出发设计用户界面逻辑，使得界面是依据用户需求设计的，并且是可以进行需求验证的。该文给出了从需求模型得到界面逻辑模型的算法，以及从界面逻辑模型反向推导需求模型元素的算法。     

基于表单的业务系统界面逻辑模型获取的研究

为了支持界面设计的自动化,国内外的研究提出了基于语言的设计工具、交互式图形描述工具和基于模型的生成工具.但是这些工具都只是从界面本身考虑设计和编码的自动化,没有从用户需求出发考虑界面的设计.该文从需求模型出发设计用户界面逻辑,使得界面是依据用户需求设计的,并且是可以进行需求验证的.该文给出了从需求模型得到界面逻辑模型的算法,以及从界面逻辑模型反向推导需求模型元素的算法.     

The Design and Specification of a Visual Language: An Example for Customising Geographic Information Systems Functionalities

In this paper the design of a visual program editor and its specification using formal grammars are discussed. We consider an environment to specify, analyse and execute visual programs for a Geographical Information System (GIS). The lack of sophisticated user interfaces is one of the major drawbacks to Geographical Information Systems, particularly for people without a sound background in computer science. The use of a visual language approach is useful in order to hide the plethora of basic GIS functions, while providing ready- to-use tools to solve users' tasks. The visual environment provides users with higher level interfaces; it is based on the module concept, which is conceived as a software building block that implements a solution to a general basic task and is presented to the user through an interactive frame. Complex GIS queries can be carried out by interconnecting modules into flow networks, using a direct manipulation approach.     

A Visual and Formal Glue between Application and Interaction

The construction of interactive software is known to be a difficult task. As far as the non-interactive part of the application is concerned, designers can find support in the field of software engineering, using object-oriented design methods for example. With regard to the user interface per se, a number of interactive tools (interface builders) are available, that allows creating interactively the look and feel of the interface. However, relating an object-oriented design with a proper user-interface design is still a matter of craft and experience, and few techniques permit the seamless integration of the two.The work presented here aims at bridging this gap. The paper proposes a visual language, based on Petri nets, for the design of the dialogue of interactive systems. This language allows specifying both activation and rendering on the one hand, and provides a seamless integration with an object-oriented design on the other.     

Vu: visual user-interface design

Vu is an interactive visual programming environment, which enables interface designers to create highly interactive, graphical, direct-manipulation-style graphical user interfaces in a very natural manner. The general strategy of vu is to enable the designer to draw the screen display that the end user will see, and to test the interface by performing actions just as the end user would. This is achieved by providing exploratory programming in a highly visual and object-oriented environment. This paper describes the design principles and structure of vu.     

Formal reasoning about dialogue properties with automatic support

One of the advantages of using formal methods in the design of human–computer interfaces is the possibility to reason about user interface properties. Model checking techniques provide a useful support to this end. This paper discusses the possibilities of verifying the properties of user interfaces and related problems, such as when the dialogue specification has an infinite number of states. We provide an example of a set of general user interfaces properties, and we show how these properties can be tailored for specific cases and thus be used as a framework to evaluate the design of the interactive application considered.     

Object-oriented specification of user interfaces

This paper presents an object-oriented approach for the specification of graphical user interfaces. Specification starts with the analysis of the end user's operations. The user interface is then designed on the basis of this analysis. Operation analysis is followed by structure and component specification which presents the dialogue structure of the application and the contents of each dialogue. Visualization produces the final screen layouts, and task specification documents the usage of the user interface for the purpose of creating user's guides. The method presented in this paper makes it easier for a designer to take the end user's needs into account. Still, it does not automatically guarantee good quality user interfaces. The top-down nature of the method allows the designer to concentrate on the most important aspects of the user interface and split the design procedure into manageable pieces. Also, the visibility of the process allows the designer to communicate with other people while specifying the user interface. This paper connects the method with the object-oriented specification of entire applications. It briefly explains the connections with object-oriented analysis and design, and demonstrates how to implement the specified user interface in an object oriented fashion. The approach presented in this paper is being applied in the development of a large network management system with about two million lines of C++ code running in the XII environment. Still, the method does not require the specification being implemented with any specific windowing system. The only requirement is that the user interface is based on graphical elements, such as dialogues, push-buttons and text fields.     

SX/Tools - An Open Design Environment for Adaptable Multimedia User Interfaces

In this paper a brief review of user interface management systems (UIMSs) and their advantages is given. Shortcomings of current UIMSs and open requirements imposed by industrial application areas are outlined. Among the most important requirements are uniform design mechanisms independent of interaction media, techniques, and styles as well as a straight forward end-user adaptability of user interfaces. A new approach to interactive interface construction, called “direct composition”, is introduced. In this approach all interface objects contain the means for their own modification and design and therefore offer consistent interaction techniques for both the construction and usage of user interfaces. Moreover, end-user adaptability is an inherent feature of direct composition interfaces. The user interface design environment SX/Tools is described to exemplify specific properties of user interface management systems following the principle of direct composition. The impacts of direct composition on user interface design include a uniform interface development process covering tool development, interface development, and “on-usage” interface adaptation. It is argued that the direct composition approach can overcome many of the problems with traditional UIMSs.     

智能建筑中空调监控系统的交互界面设计

智能建筑是根据用户需求将建筑物的结构、设备、服务和管理进行最优组合以提供高效、舒适、便利的人性化建筑环境。文章以交互界面为切入点,用户需求为核心,对某智能建筑中空调监控系统的交互界面设计进行了探讨,以期为其它工业控制系统的交互界面设计提供参考。     

User interface specification with sequence diagrams: an application to the AIRBUS A380 Datalink system

The development of user interfaces for safety critical systems is driven by requirements specifications. Because user interface specifications are typically embedded within complex systems requirements specifications, they can be intractable to manage. Proprietary requirements specification tools do not support the user interface designer in modelling and specifying the user interface. In this paper, a new way of working with embedded user interface specifications is proposed, exploiting sequence diagrams with a hypertext structure for representing and retrieving use cases. This new tool concept is assessed through an application to the requirements specification for the Airbus A380 air traffic control Datalink system; engineers involved in the development of the Airbus cockpit used a prototype of the tool concept to resolve a set of user interface design anomalies in the requirements specification. The results of the study are positive and indicate the user interface to requirements specification tools which user interface designers themselves need.     

Development of a cross-platform ubiquitous language learning service via mobile phone and interactive television*

Abstract This paper describes the development processes for a cross-platform ubiquitous language learning service via interactive television (iTV) and mobile phone. Adapting a learner-centred design methodology, a number of requirements were gathered from multiple sources that were subsequently used in TAMALLE (television and mobile phone assisted language learning environment) development. A number of issues that arise in the context of cross-platform user interface design and architecture for ubiquitous language learning were tackled. Finally, we discuss a multi-method evaluation regime to gauge usability, perceived usefulness and desirability of TAMALLE system. The result broadly revealed an overall positive response from language learners. Although, there were some reported difficulties in reading text and on-screen display mainly on the iTV side of the interface, TAMALLE was perceived to be a usable, useful and desirable tool to support informal language learning and also for gaining new contextual and cultural knowledge.     

Dynamically reconfigurable vision-based user interfaces

We describe a system that supports practical, vision-based user interfaces, addressing the issues of a usable interaction paradigm, support for application developers, and support for application deployment in real-world environments. Interfaces are defined as configurations of predefined interactive widgets that can be moved from one surface to another. Complex interfaces can be dynamically reconfigured, changing both form and location on the fly, because the functional definition of the interface is decoupled from the specification of its location in the environment. We illustrate the power of such an architecture in the context of projected interactive displays.Published online: 13 July 2004