Zn、Cd在太原工业区和紫金山非工业区环颈雉不同组织中的分布及比较研究

为了探讨Zn、Cd在环颈雉（Phasianuscolchicus）体内的积累和分布规律,对太原工业区环颈雉体内不同组织的Zn、Cd进行了分析,并以紫荆山区为对照区（相对非污染区）,对两区环颈雉体内不同组织的Zn、Cd进行了比较。研究结果表明：Zn在环颈雉体内的分布规律为：股骨＞胸骨＞心＞肝＞肾＞肺＞股肌＞胸肌;Cd在环颈雉体内的分布规律为：肾＞胸骨＞股骨＞肝＞肺＞胸肌＞心＞股肌。两区环颈雉各组织中,Zn的含量没有明显差异,而肾脏中的Cd含量差异显著。     

金属诱导条件下刺猬各组织器官金属硫蛋白含量的比较分析

本文采用Ａｇ－Ｈｂ（血红蛋白）饱和法,Ｃｄ－Ｈｂ饱和法、Ｃｕ－Ｈｂ饱和法及酶联吸附免疫法定量分析刺猬各组织器官中金属硫蛋白含量。结果表明,肌肉注射三种金属盐均有明显的诱导金属硫蛋白合成的作用,诱导强度为Ｃｄ＾２＋＞Ｚｎ＾２＋＞Ｃｕ＾２＋,诱导后金属硫蛋白含量分布规律一致,即肝＞肾＞睾丸＞脾＞心、肺、胃、膀胱、胆汁、大肠、小肠、肌肉、血液,其中镉诱导肝的金属硫蛋白含量每克湿组织约１．８４ｍｇ,为肾的     

重金属Cd－Zn对水稻的复合污染和生态效应

重金属Ｃｄ－Ｚｎ对水稻的复合污染和生态效应周启星（浙江农业大学,杭州３１００２９）吴燕玉,熊先哲（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）ＣｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｄａｎｄＺｎａｎｄｉｔｓｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｎｒｉｃｅ...     

化肥种类对不同品种菜心吸收累积Cd的影响

用盆栽试验研究了不同形态Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ肥对菜心（Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）吸收Ｃｄ的影响以及华南地区多个菜心品种对Ｃｄ的吸收累积的差异．结果表明,化肥形态主要影响土壤ｐＨ、水溶性和交换性Ｃｄ含量．５个品种菜心茎叶Ｃｄ浓度高低顺序为：迟菜心２号≥四九菜心１９号＞迟菜心２９号≥特青菜心８０天＞特青菜心６０天．水培试验表明,特青６０天单位根表面积吸Ｃｄ速率和向地上部的迁移率比迟菜心２号低．     

蛋氨酸锌螯合物中的锌在山羊体内代谢规律的研究

将１０头体重为９ｋｇ左右的健康浏阳黑公山羊分成两组,在代谢笼内个体饲喂,分别喂以含６５Ｚｎ蛋氨酸Ｚｎ（６５ＺｎＭｅｔ）和６５Ｚｎ硫酸锌（６５ＺｎＳＯ４）的饲粮,以比较研究蛋氨酸锌螯合物中的Ｚｎ在山羊体内的代谢规律．结果表明,６５ＺｎＭｅｔ组在粪中排出６５Ｚｎ的浓度低于６５ＺｎＳＯ４组,在饲喂６５ＺｎＭｅｔ螯合物３ｄ期间Ｚｎ的表观吸收率为４９．１２％,显著地（α＜０．０５）高于６５ＺｎＳＯ４（３８．９１％）组,５２ｈ达到排泄高峰．６５ＺｎＭｅｔ组与６５ＺｎＳＯ４组６５Ｚｎ在体内的存留率分别为４０．３８％与２９．５２％,差异显著（α＜０．０５）;停止饲喂６５Ｚｎ后的第３ｄ,两组体内存留趋于平衡,６５ＺｎＭｅｔ组与６５ＺｎＳＯ４分别为４．８８与４．７４ｍｇ;在组织器官中Ｚｎ的分布规律两组几乎相同,单位含量均以肝、脾、胰含量高,骨、蹄含量低     

流行性出血热病毒感染NIH裸鼠免疫组织化学研究

流行性出血热病毒（ＥｐｉｄｅｍｉｃＨｅｍｏｒｒｈａｇｉｃＦｅｖｅｒｖｉｒｕｓ,ＥＨＦＶ）感染ＮＩＨ裸鼠后,濒死状态取材,应用免疫组织化学方法（ＡＢＣ）检测各组织中的特异性病毒抗原。结果表明,ＮＩＨ裸鼠对ＥＨＦＶ感染敏感,感染后其脑、肺、肝、肾和心脏组织实质细胞浆内均可检出特异性抗原。     

苔藓植物对鞍山市环境污染生物指示的研究

采用野外生态学调查和实验分析相结合的方法,对鞍山市内和市郊所选的５个样点苔藓植物的种类、分布及各样点大气净度指数值（ＩＡＰ）和苔藓体内Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ、全Ｓ等污染物的含量及其与环境污染的关系进行了综合研究和分析．结果表明,严重污染区,包括样点鞍钢,苔藓植物少于５种,ＩＡＰ值＜５,苔藓体内污染物的含量范围是（ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）：Ｐｂ（１１２～１４９）、Ｚｎ（４０１～４７７）、Ｃｕ（３５．８～３８．５）、Ｃｄ（２．４５～３．５３）、Ｓ（２２００～３１００）;污染区,包括样点立山公园和二一九公园,苔藓植物种数１５～３０,ＩＡＰ值５～２５,污染物在苔藓体内的含量范围是（ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）：Ｐｂ（３１．２～４４．６）、Ｚｎ（１２０～１９９）、Ｃｕ（９．４０～１７．６）、Ｃｄ（１．０２～２．４２）、Ｓ（１４００～２６００）;相对清洁区,包括样点烈士陵园和千山,苔藓种数多于４０种,ＩＡＰ值＞３０,污染物在苔藓体内的含量范围是（ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）：Ｐｂ（１５．４～２５．６）、Ｚｎ（８４．３～１３５）、Ｃｕ（５．２４～１１．５）、Ｃｄ（０．６４～１．９９）、Ｓ（８００～２１００）．     

尾核阿片μ受体参与电针及皮层SmⅠ区对束旁核伤害性反应的抑制

为探索尾核（ｃａｕｄａｔｅｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ,Ｃｄ）是否参与电针及皮层体感运动Ⅰ区（ｓｅｎｓｏｒｉｍｏｔｏｒａｒｅａⅠｏｆｔｈｅｃｅｒｅｂｒａｌｃｏｒｔｅｘ,ＳｍⅠ）对束旁核（ｐａｒａｆａｓｃｉｃｕｌａｒｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ,Ｐｆ）神经元伤害性反应的调节,以及Ｃｄ中阿片受体是否参与并通过何种受体参与这一调节,本实验用Ｃｄ头部化学毁损及微量注射阿片受体拮抗剂的方法,观察到Ｃｄ毁损前电针及兴奋皮层均可抑制Ｐｆ的伤害性反应,而毁损后这种抑制效应消失;注射纳洛酮或阿片μ受体拮抗剂βＦＮＡ后,电针及兴奋皮层ＳｍⅠ区对Ｐｆ伤害性反应的抑制作用被取消,而分别注射δ和κ受体拮抗剂ＩＣＩ１７４,８６４和ｎｏｒＢＮＩ则不产生影响。基于已证明大脑皮层参与电针对Ｐｆ伤害性反应的调节,本结果提示：Ｃｄ参与针刺镇痛中皮层ＳｍⅠ区对Ｐｆ神经元伤害性反应的抑制,Ｃｄ中阿片肽主要通过μ受体参与抑制作用。     

人MAdCAM—1分子的研究进展

ＭＡｄＣＡＭ－１分子（ｍｕｃｏｓａｌ ａｄｄｒｅｓｓｉｎ ｃｅｌｌ ａｄｈｅｓｉｏｎ ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅ－１）是一种属于免疫球蛋白超家族的粘附分子,在小鼠体内其主要表达于肠道粘膜相关淋巴组织及固有层的血管内皮细胞上,可与淋巴细胞上的配体分子整合素α４β７及选择素Ｌ－ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｎ结合,在介导淋巴细胞向粘膜部位的定向白 担当重要角色。近年来人们开始对人体中ＭＡｄＣＡＭ－１分子的一些情况进行了研究,并     

竞争性PCR检测MLC_2-糜酶融合基因在转基因小鼠中的组织特异性表达

 用竞争性 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 方法定量检测了大鼠肌球蛋白轻链 ２ 启动子（ｍ ｙｏｓｉｎ ｌｉｇｈｔ ｃｈａｉｎ ２ ｐｒｏｍ ｏｔ ｅｒ, Ｍ Ｌ Ｃ２） 糜酶（ｃｈｙｍ ａｓｅ）融合基因在转基因小鼠不同组织中的表达情况,发现 Ｍ Ｌ Ｃ２ ｃｈｙｍ ａｓｅ融合基因在转基因小鼠的心脏中有较高水平的表达,在骨骼肌中表达水平较低,在肾脏中有微弱表达;而在肝脏和肺中未检测到．表明 Ｍ Ｌ Ｃ２ ｃｈｙｍ ａｓｅ 融合基因改变了野生型 ｃｈｙｍ ａｓｅ 在生物体内的表达特性,不仅提高了表达效率,而且赋予了一定的心脏组织特异性,为进一步研究 ｃｈｙｍ ａｓｅ 基因在心脏中的功能奠定了基础．     

Concentrations of zinc in Barbus marequensis from the lower Olifants River, Mpumalanga, South Africa

Zinc was detected in all the tissues examined, but in variable concentrations. The highest zinc concentrations were detected in the skin and ovaries. These zinc concentrations also differed significantly from the concentrations in the other tissues. The bioaccumulation pattern of zinc in the fish was determined as: skin >ovaries>liver>gills>vertebrae>testes>hindgut>foregut contents >kidney=foregut>hindgut contents>muscle>blood>fat>bile.Although significant differences (P<0.05) between localities were detected no clear trend as to where the highest bioaccumulation had occurred, could be established. Significant seasonal differences were detected, but it was not always the same tissue that indicates these seasonal differences. The zinc concentrations detected in the fish suggest no serious zinc pollution in the lower Olifants River. Zinc levels detected in some of the tissues might indicate chronic exposure, causing possible sub-lethal effects. However, this should be investigated before final conclusions can be made.     

Zinc,cadmium, mercury and selenium in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Central East Greenland

Muscle, liver, and kidney tissues from 38 polar bears (Ursus maritimus) caught in the Scoresby Sound area, Central East Greenland, were analysed for zinc, cadmium, mercury and selenium. In general, cadmium concentrations were low in muscle, liver and kidney tissue, with geometric means (g.m.) of 0.022 (range: <0.015–0.085), 0.841 (range: 0.092–3.29) and 13.1 (range: 1.04–115) g Cd/g wet weight (ww) respectively. This finding can be explained by low cadmium levels in the blubber of ringed seals. The concentration of mercury in muscle tissue was low (g.m. 0.071; range: 0.039–0.193 g Hg/g ww), whereas concentrations in liver and kidney tissue were relatively high (liver: g.m. 7.87; range: 1.35–24.8 g Hg/g ww, and kidney: g.m. 15.2; range: 1.59–66.6 g Hg/g ww). Mercury and cadmium were positively correlated with age in liver and kidney. Zinc was positively correlated with age in kidney, and selenium was correlated with age in liver. Contrary to other marine mammals, polar bears had higher mercury levels in the kidneys than in the liver. In all three tissues polar bears had significantly lower cadmium levels than ringed seals from the same area. Mercury levels were likewise significantly lower in the muscle tissue of polar bears than in ringed seals, whereas levels in the liver and kidney were significantly higher. The previous geographic trend for cadmium and mercury found in Canadian polar bears could be extended to cover East Greenland as well. Hence cadmium levels were higher in Greenland than in Canada, while the opposite was the case for mercury. Greenland polar bears had higher mercury and cadmium contents in livers and kidneys than polar bears from Svalbard. The mercury levels in muscle and liver tissue from polar bears from East Greenland were twice as high as found in bears from western Alaska, but half the levels found in northern Alaska. Cadmium and zinc were partially correlated in kidney tissue, and this was found for mercury and selenium as well. Cadmium and zinc showed molar ratios close to unity with the highest concentrations occurring in kidney tissue, while the levels of zinc exceeded cadmium in muscle and liver tissue by up to several decades. Mercury and selenium showed molar ratios close to unity in liver and kidneys.     

Cadmium and zinc content of fish from an industrially contaminated lake

Eleven species of fish from an industrially-contaminated lake were analysed for whole body cadmium and zinc content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Cadmium and zinc content of fish were species related, and most species accumulated these trace metals to levels significantly higher than background. Maximum concentrations detected were 13.60 μg Cd g⁻¹ (dry wt) in a bluegill and 820 μg Zn g⁻¹ in a redear sunfish. Cadmium content was much more variable than zinc content. Distributions of concentrations of both cadmium and zinc in fish were lognormal, and concentrations of both metals tended to decrease in higher trophic levels. Zinc concentrations significantly decreased as total length increased in three species.     

Comparative distributions of zinc, cadmium and mercury in the tissues of experimental mice

Different groups of mice were injected with cadmium, zinc and mercury. Zinc injections had no effect on zinc tissue levels while both mercury and cadmium accumulated in various tissues. Cadmium persisted in the tissues much longer than mercury, and while the mercury concentrations began to decline as soon as dosing ceased, cadmium concentrations in kidney and intestine increased even after dosing ceased. There appeared to be an interrelationship between cadmium concentrations in spleen and intestine which warrants some further investigations. There was a linear, but discontinuous, effect of cadmium on zinc concentrations in liver, kidney and pancreas which may depend on metallothionein biochemistry. Mercury injections had no effect on zinc metabolism. It is proposed that differences in the rate of excretion of cadmium and mercury from the kidney could explain the differential accumulation of cadmium and mercury in animals.     

Cd2+对三角褐指藻生长及尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶基因表达调控的影响

为了探究Cd2+对三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)生长及尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, UGPase)基因表达调控的影响, 研究以不同浓度Cd2+处理三角褐指藻, 测定其生长、叶绿素荧光参数、UGP基因转录水平、UGPase活性和金藻昆布多糖含量等指标。结果表明: 低浓度(0.1 μmol/L)Cd2+促进三角褐指藻生长, UGP基因转录水平、UGPase活性和金藻昆布多糖含量分别比对照组提高了100.65%、11.99%和9.77%;而高浓度Cd2+处理组(2和5 μmol/L)各指标均显著降低, UGP基因转录水平较对照组分别下调了50.31%和60.47%, UGPase活性降低56.27%和66.72%, 金藻昆布多糖含量减少42.41%和47.30%。研究首次探究了Cd2+对三角褐指藻UGP基因表达的影响, 表明低浓度Cd2+促进三角褐指藻生长, 上调UGP基因表达, 提高金藻昆布多糖含量, 为Cd2+调控UGP基因的表达提供理论指导。     

Cadmium and Zinc are differentially distributed in Populus tremula x P. alba exposed to metal excess

Abstract

Poplar plants were exposed during 61 days to a soil added with heavy metals so as to contain 300 mg Zn²⁺.kg^?1 soil dry weight (SDW) (Zinc) or 50 mg Cd²⁺.kg^?1 SDW (Cadmium). The Cd treatment induced a delayed growth of poplar, whereas Zn induced no change in physiological parameters. Both treatments resulted in a significant metal accumulation in plants. Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ exhibited contrasting distribution within tissues, indicating dissimilar handling by the plant. The main difference was the efficient compartmentalisation of Zn²⁺ in specific organ parts: old leaves and bark, while Cd²⁺ did not exhibit such a compartmentalisation. Results were also compared with a previous work where plants were exposed to 360 mg Cd²⁺.kg^?1 SDW.     

模拟酸雨对盆栽樟树（Cinnamomum camphora）幼苗叶矿质元素含量的影响

采用盆栽方法,以不同pH值（3.0、4.0、5.0）的模拟酸雨溶液对樟树幼苗进行浇灌处理,研究不同酸度酸雨对樟树幼苗叶矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明,各酸雨处理后樟树幼苗叶矿质元素含量都受到一定程度的影响,N、P、Ca、Mg、Fe、Al、Cu、Mn、Ni含量均较对照有所增加;C、K、Zn含量有所减少。S、Cd、Pb含量变化表现为：pH3.0处理S、Cd含量增加,Pb含量下降;pH4.0处理S、Cd、Pb含量均下降;pH5.0处理S、Cd含量减少,Pb含量增加。相关分析则表明,酸液pH值与樟树幼苗叶中N、Mn含量呈显著负相关。该项研究可为南方城市绿化树种的选择提供理论依据。     

PHOTOPERIODIC REGULATION OF MT1 AND MT2 MELATONIN RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN SPLEEN AND THYMUS OF A TROPICAL RODENT FUNAMBULUS PENNANTI DURING REPRODUCTIVELY ACTIVE AND INACTIVE PHASES

Photoperiodic regulation of melatonin receptor types on target tissues, such as lymphatic organs, has never been explored for any seasonal breeder. In the present study, we accessed the high affinity membrane melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 expression dynamics in lymphoid organs (i.e., spleen and thymus) of a seasonally breeding rodent Funambulus pennanti during two major reproductive phases (i.e., active and inactive), when the internal hormonal (melatonin and gonadal steroid) as well as the ecological conditions were entirely different. Photoperiod regulates circulatory melatonin level; hence, we noted the effect of different photoperiodic regimes (long; 16L:8D and short; 10L:14D photoperiod) equivalent to summer and winter daylength on membrane melatonin receptor MT1 and MT2 expression in spleen and thymus. We have correlated the melatonin receptor expression with two major hormones varying seasonally (i.e., melatonin and testosterone) also being responsible for modulation of immunity of a seasonal breeder. Differential immunoreactivity of MT1 and MT2 receptor in spleen and thymus of F. pennanti suggests an involvement of both the receptor types in signal transduction of photoperiod for seasonal immunomodulation, because in the tropical zone, a slight difference (1:45–2?h) in daylength may change reproductive physiology and immunity of animals for adaptation. Our above suggestion receives strong support from the experiment of photoperiodic exposure on MT1 and MT2 expression at the translational level, where long daylength decreased the circulatory melatonin level and melatonin receptor expression in both lymphatic tissues. On the other hand, under short daylength, expression of MT1 and MT2 receptor increased in both spleen and thymus along with concomitant increase in circulatory melatonin level. Differential hormonal level of melatonin and gonadal hormones during reproductively active and inactive phase and its direct relation with melatonin receptor expression dynamics in lymphoid organs could be responsible for seasonal adjustment of immunity and reproduction. (Author correspondence: chaldar2001@yahoo.com)