中国东部玄武岩地区土壤背景值区域差异及其影响因素分析

本课题所指的中国东部主要包括海南、广东、福建、浙江、安徽、江苏、山东、辽宁、吉林和黑龙江等十省,涉及到九种土壤类型。 本研究采集了14个发育在玄武岩母质上的土壤剖面,70个土壤样品。采集地点、土壤类型、纬度及编号见表1。在室内分别对20个元素(或氧化物)的背景含量进行了测定。其中Ti、Mn、P、K、Ca、Mg、Si、Al、Fe用百分数表示,其它元素用ppm表示。     

《中国环境监测》投稿须知

《中国环境监测》是由国家环保总局主管,中国环境监测总站主办的环境监测中央级科技期刊。本刊为全国中文核心期刊、中国科技核心期刊,国内外公开发行。《中国环境监测》坚持学术性、专业性与实用性相结合的办刊原则。宣传国家环保总局关于环境监测工作的方针、政策,介绍国内外先进的环境监测技术,交流环境监测的科研成果。设有监测管理、分析测试、采样技术、优化布点、质量保证、污染源监测、应急监测、信息技术、数据处理、环境评价、监测仪器、综述与专论等栏目。本刊热忱欢迎国内外专家、学者投稿。一、征稿要求稿件内容应与本刊办刊方…     

ICP-MS法同时测定饮用水中多种元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定饮用水中Al、Ag、Be、Ba、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Ti、Tl、V、Zn等16种元素的方法。对仪器工作参数、测定的同位素、测定方法等进行了研究。本方法的检出限为0.03～0.30μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.9%～3.6%,加标回收率为90.5%～112.6%。方法准确、快速、简便,线性范围大,灵敏度高,适合清洁水样中多种痕量元素的分析测定。     

长沙市某集中式饮用水水源地周边土壤重金属污染特征和风险评价

以长沙某河库兼用型饮用水水源地一、二级保护区土壤为研究对象,于2018年8月采用网格布点法在一级和二级保护区分别布设3个和7个采样点,在水源地历史采样区布设5个采样点,探究土壤中Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Hg、As的含量分布及污染水平。结果表明：土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的含量均值分别为46.56、4.90、81.87、46.64、0.19、30.11、75.11、237.93 mg/kg。重金属元素含量均值超过农用地污染风险筛选值的样品占比排序为Cd （86.7%）>Zn （60%）>As （53.3%）>Cu （6.7%）=Pb （6.7%）。土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的单因子污染指数分别为1.55、16.34、0.41、0.47、0.08、0.30、0.63、0.95,主要为Cd、As污染。研究区土壤重金属综合污染指数为11.71,属重污染等级。水源地一级保护区、二级保护区、历史采样区2018年、历史采样区2014年土壤重金属综合污染指数分别为20.41、14.94、1.98、1.17。后期应加强对该饮用水水源地土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、As的污染控制和治理。     

红、黄壤中氧化铁结合态重金属与背景值的关系

一、样本和试验方法 样本采自湖南、福建、江西和广东等地区。母质有紫色砂页岩、玄武岩、花岗岩、石灰岩和第四纪红色粘土共五种。土壤类型包括紫色土、砖红壤、赤红壤、红壤和黄壤。为减少有机质的影响,选用剖面深度为20—50厘米的底土。从其分布所在环境判断,可以认为都未受到污染,故其微量元素的全量即为背景值。土样经风干、磨碎过筛后备用。     

典型毒害气体的FTIR吸收光谱分析

傅立叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱技术可以对空气、生物气以及各种工业生产过程中的排气、废气进行实时在线监测。但是由于废气的成分复杂,红外吸收光谱互相干扰、重叠,往往难以辨认。本文用FTIR研究工业废气中主要物质的红外吸收光谱特性,确定光谱分析时废气各组分的特征红外频率。分析对象包括水蒸气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氨气、氰化氢、氯化氢、氟化氢、一氧化氮、二氧化氮、二氧化硫、甲醛和丙稀醛十二种物质。     

《宁波环境科学》征稿启事

《宁波环境科学》是经浙江省新闻出版局批准(浙内准字第B046号),由宁波市环境保护局主管,宁波市环境保护科学学会主办,是宁波市环保专业中、高级职称(不含教授级)评审的论文确认期刊。刊物立足宁波,面向全国,开辟的主要栏目有:局长(管理)论坛、学术研究、学科动态、交流争鸣等,内容涵盖节能减排、环境管理、环境规划、环境监测、环境科研、污染治理、环境执法、环境评价、环境健康、环境教育、生态文明、循环经济、清洁生产、综合信息等。规格为A4,页码为64,季刊。2008年6月创刊。为办好刊物,面向社会征稿。征稿简则如下     

自制模拟样及留样复测的质控技术探讨

介绍了环境监测标准滤膜、标准滤筒、模拟降尘的制备方法、使用方法、实际效果。阐述了滤膜中铅、土壤样品、底泥（沉积物）、污水厂处理污泥等留样的来源、必要性及作用。探讨了滤膜中铅留样复测质控的评判依据。     

石河子燃煤电厂重金属排放研究

选取石河子市典型燃煤电厂,对其燃煤烟气重金属排放浓度及飞灰、底渣、脱硫石膏重金属的富集进行定量分析。结果表明,烟气中各重金属排放浓度从高到低依次为Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、Cu、Hg、Co、Cd、As。各重金属元素在飞灰中的富集程度较高,除Hg、Cd、Ni外,其他重金属元素在飞灰的富集因均值均大于5。其中,As在飞灰的富集因子均值为5.76。研究结果可为石河子重金属污染控制提供基础数据。     

成都市环境监测中心站简介

成都市环境监测中心站始建于1976年，是国家二级环境监测站。技术力量雄厚、设备配备齐全、质量管理严格、监测手段先进、监测对象广泛。具备开展大气、水体、噪声、振动、放射性、电磁辐射和固体废物等环境要素近400个项目的环境监测能力和资质。     

城市空气质量周报效用分析

介绍了世界上一些发达国家的空气污染预报的做法和采取的措施，阐述了我国开展空气质量预报的方针和方法，指出了周报是预报的基础工作。叙述了我国空气质量周报的污染参数的选取、污染指数的分级及其浓度限值和污染指数计算及确定，分析并总结了开展城市空气质量周报所发挥的效用是提高公众的环保意识，加大了治理污染的力度，转变了环境监测的职能，促进了环境监测事业的发展     

Fractionation of heavy metals and assessment of contamination of the sediments of Lake Titicaca

Chemical weathering is one of the major geochemical processes that control the mobilization of heavy metals. The present study provides the first report on heavy metal fractionation in sediments (8–156 m) of Lake Titicaca (3,820 m a.s.l.), which is shared by the Republic of Peru and the Plurinational State of Bolivia. Both contents of total Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, Mn, Cd, Pb, and Zn and also the fractionation of these heavy metals associated with four different fractions have been determined following the BCR scheme. The principal component analysis suggests that Co, Ni, and Cd can be attributed to natural sources related to the mineralized geological formations. Moreover, the sources of Cu, Fe, and Mn are effluents and wastes generated from mining activities, while Pb and Zn also suggest that their common source is associated to mining activities. According to the Risk Assessment Code, there is a moderate to high risk related to Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn, Co, and Ni mobilization and/or remobilization from the bottom sediment to the water column. Furthermore, the Geoaccumulation Index and the Enrichment Factor reveal that Zn, Pb, and Cd are enriched in the sediments. The results suggest that the effluents from various traditional mining waste sites in both countries are the main source of heavy metal contamination in the sediments of Lake Titicaca.     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施GB/T15481-2000 idt ISO/IEC17025:1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》的过程中,通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析,识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节,提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法,对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

锅炉烟尘测试中锅炉负荷率的计算方法探讨

GB5468 -91规定 ,锅炉烟尘测试时 ,必须对锅炉的运行负荷进行测试 ,而实际监测过程中 ,许多锅炉房不具备测试的计量条件 ,为了解决这一问题 ,文章提出利用烟气量和空气过剩系数计算锅炉负荷率。在实际监测工作中 ,该方法方便、易于操作 ,所得结果和标准规定方法所得结果有很好的一致性     

Simulation of the seasonal evolution of macroalgae in the lagoon of Venice

A 3D reaction‐diffusion model is presented, which describes the dynamics of two communities of primary producers, phytoplankton and macroalgae, and their effects on the oxygen balance in the lagoon of Venice. The model includes ten state variables: zooplankton, phytoplankton and Ulva rigida densities, nitrogen concentration in Ulva (quota), ammonium, nitrate and orthophosphate concentration in water, detritus, dissolved oxygen and water temperature. The spatial distribution of Ulva shows a well defined pattern, also with homogeneous initial conditions. Such distributions become closer to the real ones when the initial conditions for Ulva are obtained by processing remote sensing data. The massive presence of Ulva greatly affects the DO balance, as hypossic crises occur in the core of Ulva colonies in the early morning, as a consequence of respiration.     

Distribution and solid-phase speciation of toxic heavy metals of bed sediments of Bharali tributary of Brahmaputra River

Heavy metal (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd) concentrations and their chemical speciations were investigated for the first time in bed sediments of Bharali River, a major tributary of the Brahmaputra River of the Eastern Himalayas. Levels of Fe, Mn, Pb, and Cd in the bed sediments were much below the average Indian rivers; however, Cu and Zn exhibit levels on the higher side. Enrichment factors (EF) of all metals was greater than 1 and a higher trend of EF was seen in the abandoned channel for most metals. Pb showed maximum EF of 32 at site near an urban center. The geoaccumulation indices indicate that Bharali river is moderately polluted. The metals speciations, done by a sequential extraction regime, show that Cd, Cu, and Pb exhibit considerable presence in the exchangeable and carbonate fraction, thereby showing higher mobility and bioavailability. On the other hand, Ni, Mn, and Fe exhibit greater presence in the residual fraction and Zn was dominant in the Fe?CMn oxide phase. Inter-species correlations at three sites did not show similar trends for metal pairs indicating potential variations in the contributing sources.     

贵州黔东南州三板溪水库春季拟多甲藻水华特征

2011年3月13日对贵州省黔东南州三板溪水库进行春季浮游植物调查的结果表明,三板溪水库Ⅱ号采样点(下革东)发生以佩纳形拟多甲藻为优势种的拟多甲藻水华,细胞密度高达1.15×10⁷cell/L;板溪水库总氮的最低值为2.09 mg/L,总磷的最低值为0.95 mg/L,三板溪水库的总氮、总磷含量较丰富,不存在总氮或总磷是限制性因子;通过SPSS16.0统计软件分别进行Pearson 积距相关系数分析表明,氮磷比是三板溪水库发生拟多甲藻水华的主要影响原因。     

“湖泛”恶臭物质分析及来源浅析

介绍了中国南方"湖泛"中的恶臭物质及检测情况,采用常规分析和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对"湖泛"水样进行检测,认为"湖泛"恶臭物主要是氨和硫醚类物质。根据"湖泛"发生的时间及频次,结合南方地区农业水稻秧田的农药使用情况,推断氨基甲酸酯类农药的使用可能是"湖泛"发生的诱因。     

Evaluation of method of preparation of passive diffusion tubes for measurement of ambient nitrogen dioxide

This study was carried out in response to suggestions that the measurement of NO(2) by Palmes-type passive diffusion tubes (PDT) is affected by the method of preparation of the triethanolamine (TEA) absorbent coating on the grids. The following combinations of factors were investigated: TEA solvent (acetone or water), volume composition of TEA in solvent (50% or 20%), and grid coating method (dipping in solution prior to assembly or pipetting solution on after assembly). Duplicate PDTs prepared by each of the 8 methods were exposed in parallel, in urban air, for a total of 80 separate 1 week exposures. NO(2) concentrations derived from PDTs prepared by pipetting methods were significantly less precise than concentrations from dipping methods, with mean RSDs for duplicate measurements of 13.8% and 8.5%, respectively (n= 316 each category). Pipetting methods using solutions of 50% TEA composition were particularly imprecise (mean RSD 17.2%). Data from PDTs prepared by pipetting methods were systematically more poorly correlated with each other and with data from co-located chemiluminescence analysers, than corresponding data from PDTs prepared by dipping methods, indicating that more consistent accuracy was also obtained by the latter PDTs. The statistical evidence suggested that PDTs prepared by pipetting 50% TEA in water generally gave lower NO(2) concentrations. Although this is in agreement with a previous study, it is also possible that such an observation here may be a statistical artefact given the demonstrably poorer precision of this method. The general tendency of PDTs to show positive bias in NO(2) measurement in urban air in 1 week exposures was again evident in this study (mean biases at roadside and urban centre locations of +35% (n= 475) and +18% (n= 112), respectively) consistent with augmentation of within-tube NO(2) flux by chemical reaction between co-diffusing NO and O(3). Overall, it is recommended that the pipetting method of PDT grid preparation is avoided, or at least investigated further, because of the apparent degradation in precision and accuracy of NO(2) measurement. Potential reasons for the effect are discussed.     

氨氮测量不确定度的评定

采用纳氏试剂光度法测定水质氨氮的测量不确定度评定,应该考虑工作曲线、测量重复性、标准溶液、仪器读数分辨率等对测量的影响.