浩吉铁路移动设备生产力布局研究

浩吉铁路是国家铁路投融资体制改革示范项目，移动设备生产力布局是影响建设投资与运营成本的重要因素。基于提升移动设备运用效率、降低维修成本、提升项目效益的主要目标，根据铁路规章、标准及相关要求，结合浩吉铁路集疏运布局、重载运输组织、货流特征，研究提出了移动设备生产力布局目标、基本原则和思路，设计了移动设备生产力布局的机车车辆装备、机车交路、沿线机辆设备设施方案，为浩吉铁路移动设备生产力布局优化，探索机务车辆专业融合发展提供技术支撑。建议浩吉铁路移动设备布局按照综合一体化管理方式进行结构设计，机务车辆主要生产设施可选择集中设置，辅助配套设施可选择融合兼顾方案。     

民航规章体系管理对我国铁路的启示

在阐述民航机构设置和主要技规章构成等民航规章体系概况的基础上,针对目前铁路机构设置现状和主要规章体系概况,从管理机制、信息化、结合部管理、技术规章国际化等方面分析二者区别,提出民航规章体系管理对铁路技术规章管理的启示,对当前我国铁路技术规章体系构建具有参考意义。     

铁路应用精益生产总体方案设计研究

不断提升生产质量和效益,是铁路企业发展的主题。在此背景下,本文浅谈对铁路生产和精益生产认识;然后,结合PDCA循环法初步构建出铁路企业应用精益生产总设计方案,总方案包括实施方案、组织方案、时间计划、评价体系等。本文研究内容可以为铁路系统应用精益生产方案提供了初步的借鉴方案。     

京张高铁自动驾驶列车技术规章适应分析与制修订建议研究

自动驾驶列车是京张高铁智能化的一个重要体现,该项智能技术设备的运用对既有行车组织、设备维修、旅客服务等方面产生了较大的影响。为充分发挥智能设备的先进功能,需要与之相配套的技术规章体系。本文研究智能驾驶技术对行车组织、设备维修、旅客服务等方面的影响,分析既有相关技术规章的适应性,并从自动驾驶技术设备运用、管理、维修的角度出发,提出技术规章制修订的建议。论文的研究为京张高铁自动驾驶智能设备的运用提供保障,也为智能京张的技术规章体系构建提供技术支撑。     

新建北京至唐山铁路唐山站改造工程施工组织优化研究

针对铁路既有线改造工程实施过程中，工期保障、组织管理、精细化施工监管困难等系列问题，提出一种动态优化铁路工程施工组织的方法。首先以铁路既有线车站改造作为研究对象，采用栅格化流程分割方法将铁路工程施工按相应标准划分为若干风险管理网格单元，简化铁路施工动态控制难度，建立科学化的动态管控技术、监管评价体系以及铁路施工风险模糊评价模型，并以新建北京至唐山铁路唐山站改造工程施工组织管理为例，利用风险管理方法将需要整体监控的施工组织管理进行分析铁路专业类别细分，辅助实现铁路施工风险的精细化管理，保障施工组织方案的科学性，对提升我国铁路建设工程安全风险管理水平具有一定的支撑作用。     

列车提速后《铁路技术管理规程》发展演变特征研究

《铁路技术管理规程》是我国铁路的基本规章,研究不同版本的演变特征对其管理及不断修订完善具有重要意义。通过对铁路列车提速以来近三版《铁路技术管理规程》修订背景回顾与发展历程分析,基于文本相似度算法,构建了不同版本间的条款关联关系并量化分析了相邻版本及各个章节条款关联强度。运用政策文献计量法,逐版逐条研究其修订类型并从版本与章节两个维度分别量化分析了条款修订类型分布特征。在此基础上,总结提出了《铁路技术管理规程》演变发展特征与趋势。该研究对《铁路技术管理规程》的科学管理及今后动态修订完善具有重要支撑作用。     

普速铁路实施网运分开的探讨

随着铁路企业向现代运输经营型企业加速转型,铁路网运分开改革的政策导向和路线图已明确。本文在分析网运分开成功案例的基础上,认为铁路网运分开对尊重市场经济规律、科学定位铁路行业属性、推进铁路股份制改造具有深远意义。高速铁路的发展、铁路公司制治理结构的建立、客货运清算方式的完善为铁路网运分开改革奠定了基础。各铁路局集团公司划分为客运公司、货运公司、路网公司,并分别负责客运业务、货运业务、基础设施建设与维护等。为保证铁路运输安全与高效,路网公司行使调度指挥权,客运公司、货运公司按照"担当"清算、"承运制"清算原则向路网公司清算,各集团公司间清算由总公司组织。     

动向

<正>《铁路安全管理条例》及四件配套规章明年起施行铁路行政许可行政处罚规范化法制化《铁路安全管理条例》将于2014年1月1日起施行。日前,交通运输部审议通过了《铁路机车车辆设计制造维修进口许可办法》、《铁路运输基础设备生产企业审批办法》、《铁路机车车辆驾驶人员资格许可办法》和《违反〈铁路安全管理条例〉行政处罚实施办法》四件配套规章,与《铁路安全管理条例》同步施行,铁路行政许可和行政处罚工作将更加规范化、法制化。     

机场运行安全管理信息化建设思路

为有效提高机场运行安全性,对机场运行安全管理信息化建设进行研究。在阐述机场运行安全管理信息化建设重要性的基础上,提出机场运行安全管理信息化建设方案,包括建立全面的信息化系统、引入先进的数据分析技术、建设应急响应平台、开发客户服务智能系统、加强信息安全保障、提供培训与技术支持及定期评估与升级等,旨在为机场管理人员和决策人员提供参考,推动机场运行安全管理不断向智能、高效、安全方向发展。     

《铁路安全管理条例》及四件配套规章开始施行

<正>2013年12月24日,交通运输部部长杨传堂签署交通运输部2013年第13号、第14号、第21号、第22号部令,发布了《铁路机车车辆设计制造维修进口许可办法》、《铁路机车车辆驾驶人员资格许可办法》、《铁路运输基础设备生产企业审批办法》和《违反铁路安全管理条例行政处罚实施办法》等四件《铁路安全管理条例》配套规章。《铁路安全管理条例》(国务院令第639号)是对2004年发布的《铁路运输安全保护条例》的全面修订,自2014年1月1日起施行。《铁路安全管理条例》明确了铁路监管部门的管理职责,增加了铁路建设质量安全和铁路专用设备质量安全的规定,     

Aircraft trajectory forecasting using local functional regression in Sobolev space

This paper considers the problem of short to mid-term aircraft trajectory prediction, that is, the estimation of where an aircraft will be located over a 10–30 min time horizon. Such a problem is central in decision support tools, especially in conflict detection and resolution algorithms. It also appears when an air traffic controller observes traffic on the radar screen and tries to identify convergent aircraft, which may be in conflict in the near future. An innovative approach for aircraft trajectory prediction is presented in this paper. This approach is based on local linear functional regression that considers data preprocessing, localizing and solving linear regression using wavelet decomposition. This algorithm takes into account only past radar tracks, and does not use any physical or aeronautical parameters. This approach has been successfully applied to aircraft trajectories between several airports on the data set that is one year air traffic over France. The method is intrinsic and independent from airspace structure.     

基于功能定位的国际航空枢纽评价

针对我国国际枢纽机场未按照设计之初功能定位发展的现状,运用AHP法构建国际枢纽机场综合评价指标体系,将国际航空运输规模指标、国际节点网络连通度指标、枢纽功能指标、综合交通指标纳入体系当中。首先对国内外大型国际枢纽机场进行评价,其次对我国机场布局规划中的10个国际枢纽机场进行评价。结果表明我国国际枢纽机场国际业务发展、航空枢纽建设与国外对标机场有一定差距,与自身战略规划有所偏差,针对薄弱指标项基于自身优势给出发展建议。最后基于一市两场与机场群的视角,分析了如何根据自身功能定位进行协同发展问题。     

高铁站功能区布局优化模型研究

为使高铁站功能区的布局更加科学合理,论文以旅客在高铁站房内的平均走行时间最少和高铁站建造成本最低为目标,综合考虑功能区的面积、长宽比例、功能区禁止重叠、流线等约束条件,构建基于多目标混合规划的高铁站功能区布局优化模型,通过算例验证了模型的有效性。该方法得出的结论可以为高铁站功能区布局的规划设计提供参考。     

A model for evaluating the environmental and functional benefits of “innovative” roundabouts

This study looks at the singling out of a multi-parameter criterion for choosing conventional or innovative roundabout layouts, by taking functional, environmental and economic aspects into consideration. The performances of three conventional roundabouts (with different lane number at entries and through the ring), turbo-roundabouts and roundabouts with right-turn bypass lane on all the arms (flower roundabouts) have been compared in terms of vehicle delays and pollutant (carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particle pollution (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5)) emissions. By means of closed-form capacity models and with the help of COPERT IV^© software, several traffic simulations have been carried out, referred to yearly peak flow values Q_max and ranging between 1300 and 3300 veh/h, starting from a typical annual traffic demand curve in urban areas. The estimation of cumulative vehicle delays and annual pollutant emissions, together with construction and maintenance costs has allowed working out overall costs for each roundabout under consideration, depending on the traffic demand. Thus, the proposed model allows finding the most cost-effective geometric solution as to overall costs for a comprehensive case record of traffic values.     

Impacts of trade related sustainability strategies on freight transportation: Modelling framework and application for France

The circular and functional economies are being presented in the literature as potential strategies for future sustainable societies. In terms of the consequences for supply chains, they will promote a much more dispersed and diversified, local and network based usage of goods than the current economy, which is comparatively linear, concentrated, long distance oriented and scale economy based. A gap in the literature is the assessment of the effects of these systems on freight transport flows. In our paper, we present a first attempt at estimating this impact using freight transport scenario building and quantitative modelling. In order to translate the main parameters that characterize these systems into factors determining freight transportation volumes, we develop a framework based on a typology of goods categories describing functional and spatial proximity between producers and consumers. In order to simulate changes in the economy, we develop scenarios for the shifting of goods from one category to another and, additionally, include internalization policies that should guide their realization. We calculate the impacts on freight flows using a new interregional transport model for France that includes distribution chains and produces estimates of external costs of transport. Our results show that circular and functional economies could lead to a 2–5% reduction of air pollutant emissions and up to a 14–26% reduction if combined with the internalization of external costs. The scenario with ongoing mass production for differentiated demand is found to lead to a 5% increase of environmental impacts compared to the baseline.     

Forecasting journey time distribution with consideration to abnormal traffic conditions

Travel time is an important index for managers to evaluate the performance of transportation systems and an intuitive measure for travelers to choose routes and departure times. An important part of the literature focuses on predicting instantaneous travel time under recurrent traffic conditions to disseminate traffic information. However, accurate travel time prediction is important for assessing the effects of abnormal traffic conditions and helping travelers make reliable travel decisions under such conditions. This study proposes an online travel time prediction model with emphasis on capturing the effects of anomalies. The model divides a path into short links. A Functional Principal Component Analysis (FPCA) framework is adopted to forecast link travel times based on historical data and real-time measurements. Furthermore, a probabilistic nested delay operator is used to calculate path travel time distributions. To ensure that the algorithm is fast enough for online applications, parallel computation architecture is introduced to overcome the computational burden of the FPCA. Finally, a rolling horizon structure is applied to online travel time prediction. Empirical results for Guangzhou Airport Expressway indicate that the proposed method can capture an abrupt change in traffic state and provide a promising and reliable travel time prediction at both the link and path levels. In the case where the original FPCA is modified for parallelization, accuracy and computational effort are evaluated and compared with those of the sequential algorithm. The proposed algorithm is found to require only a piece rather than a large set of traffic incident records.     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.