开发螺旋圆锥喷头应用于蒸汽直接加热水

１前言在生产与生活中，广泛应用蒸汽直接加热水，其优点是设备简单，蒸汽的热能与凝结水完全得到利用。但其缺点是由于蒸汽水击产生震动与噪声，设备保温层被震坏、脱落，甚至设备被震坏，威胁安全生产。我厂科技人员为探求解决此难题，应用了在国内购买的美国产的螺旋圆...     

再谈“蒸汽总管水击事故的危害与预防”

《工业锅炉》1992年第1期“蒸汽总管水击事故的危害与预防”一文(以下简称“水击事故”),简述了深圳某啤酒公司一台10t/h,1.3MPa燃油蒸汽锅炉主蒸汽管道发生一起严重水击事故的过程,分析了产生水击事故的原因,提出了一些预防水击事故的建议或措施。但这些提议或采取的措施大多具有探讨性质的,不利于有效地防止蒸汽总管水击事故的发     

蒸汽支管水击分析

蒸汽管路广泛存在于发电,供暖,动力等系统中,有着压力温度的特殊要求,其管路安全至关重要。蒸汽管路冷态通气,在疏水不畅的情况下会出现水击的现象,水击对管路系统具有破坏作用。主要通过试验结合理论分析水击的发生机理及防治方法。     

疏水阀的节能功效

疏水阀的节能功效上海市纺织工业局基建能源环保处张善道一、间接用汽设备中蒸汽放热情况热交换器、加压釜、反应锅、干燥设备、烘房、热板压力机、蒸发器、蒸馏器、暖风机等用汽设备都和热载体对器壁的传热方式有关。这些用汽设备一般以对流和导热为主。对流换热则与流体...     

锅炉热力计算中传热系数类库的实现

通过对烟气、空气和水蒸汽的物性参数进行拟合，直接采用烟气、蒸汽侧对流传热系数公式计算对流换热系数，进一步实现锅炉对流受热面的传热系数类库编制，从而可以不再采用传统的查图求取的方法，提高计算的精度和效率。     

啤酒生产中疏水回收设计问题的探讨

啤酒生产中大量蒸汽被使用在间接用汽设备上,节约蒸汽消耗量和回收凝结水余热是节约能源的重要途径。该文对流水回收设计问题进行了探讨,为蒸汽疏水阔的使用和回收管网的设计提供一定的借鉴。     

平面叶栅中湿蒸汽两相凝结与流动问题的数值分析

汽轮机末级中存在大量汽液两相混合流动现象。通过对湿蒸汽流动过程的分析,以经典成核理论为基础,对平面叶栅中的湿蒸汽流动进行了模拟。计算结果显示了蒸汽凝结主要发生的区域及在整个流场中湿蒸汽的流动特征。通过对流场的分析及与实验数据的对比,表明所用计算模型及方法可以正确模拟湿蒸汽流动过程,为优化设计和减小冲击损害提供依据。     

1000MW火电机组水击现象分析及预防处置措施

火力发电机组装机容量越大,发生水击时的危害就越大,一旦发生就可能造成设备的严重损害。结合水击发生的机理,分析了1 000MW火力发电机组可能发生水击的重点部位,并结合运行实际,提出了水击的预防与应急处置措施。     

油罐新式加热器加热效果研究

通过对油罐新旧两种加热器使用情况的跟踪,测量、计算两种加热器的加热效果,结果表明:新式无水击加热器的加热效果比传统的旧式加热器好,不但加热速度快,蒸汽耗量少,而且经济耐用,是贮罐加热设施的发展方向。     

蒸汽管道的设计与安装

从蒸汽管道设计、安装过程出发，重点分析了蒸汽管道设计、安装中的基本技术问题，并阐述了如何避免管道运行中的水击现象。     

Design of geothermal steam supply systems in Iceland

The role of the geothermal steam supply system is to receive the geothermal fluid from the geothermal wells, separate the steam from the water and to deliver steam and/or water to a user of the thermal energy. It may be for direct use in any kind of an industrial process, such as drying, heating, cooling, etc., or it may be intended for electric power generation. The steam supply system delivers the fluid at a specified temperature, pressure and quality to the user.The steam supply system consists of wellheads, steam collection pipelines, nowadays in Iceland normally designed for two-phase flow of water and steam, steam-water separators, main steam/water lines, moisture separators, control valves, exhaust system, and effluent disposal equipment as needed and may include compressors and/or pumps for long distance transportation.Design criteria for the system depend on one hand upon the characteristics of the geothermal field, and on the other upon the intended use and required steam quality and economy. High enthalpy fields, for example, are capable of producing high pressure steam which is relatively economical when electric power generation alone is being considered. For such systems, high quality of the steam is of utmost importance.The paper gives a general overview of the steam supply systems in Iceland and describes the main features of the Nesjavellir steam supply system where the main emphasis was laid on high steam quality in order to prevent scaling in turbines, control valves and heat exchangers. New systems or systems needing restoration should be based on the same features.     

压水堆核电站工业供汽系统技术可行性研究

  目的  为研究压水堆核电站为周边工业区提供工业用蒸汽的技术可行性。  方法  以某1 000 MW压水堆核电厂主蒸汽为热源,为周边提供工业蒸汽需求量300 t/h,蒸汽压力为1.8 MPa,蒸汽温度为250 ℃为例,论证了利用压水堆核电站二回路蒸汽加热工业用水产生满足工业需求的蒸汽转换系统的技术可行性。从热力学第一定律和第二定律理论出发,设计了该系统的工艺流程,计算了系统中关键换热设备的热力参数。  结果  得出热源疏水温度的合理值为65 ℃,如疏水温度低于60 ℃,在二级预热器中将出现热源温度低于工业水温度的情况,将违背热力学第二定律。  结论  研究成果可为压水堆核电站工业供汽提供技术参考。     

蒸汽冷凝水的回收利用——应用于生活热水系统

文章介绍了如何利用变频调速恒压给水技术,实现将蒸汽冷凝水回收到生活热水系统的方法。经检测,回收后水质符合国家生活饮用水卫生标准,达到既卫生安全,又节能、节水的效果,对使用蒸汽的宾馆、写字楼、办公楼和医院等单位都具有借鉴和推广意义,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

背压汽轮机组增设后置机的研究

  目的  为了解决机组对外供热由工业供热改为采暖供热的问题,以某热电厂为对象开展技术可行性研究。  方法  对调节阀组、双缸汽轮机、全厂共用的后置背压汽轮机、单元制带发电机的汽动给水泵组等四种方案进行了比对分析。  结果  考虑方案的特点和工程实际,最终选择了全厂共用的后置背压汽轮机方案。  结论  该方案基于能级梯级利用原则,运行可靠,经济性好,对后续机组进行供热综合改造也提供了有益的参考。     

汽轮机级和级组临界压比计算模型

从级临界压比的定义出发，依据水和水蒸汽性质，在单级详细计算的基础上给出汽轮机单级临界压比的求算方法，该算法易在计算机上实现。在求出单级临界压比的基础上，可以计算出级组的临界压比，为在汽轮机变工况在线计算和故障诊断提供数据。     

热力除氧技术研究及其发展

水中溶解氧的存在是导致锅炉及汽轮机通汽部分设备腐蚀发生的重要原因,也影响给水系统以及整个热力系统的运行安全。随着高参数大容量发电机组的发展,对给水品质的要求不断提高。除氧技术也伴随着热力系统对除氧要求的提高而不断发展。热力除氧过程中加热蒸汽与除氧水之间传热传质过程的强化是确保和提高热力除氧器除氧性能的关键,也是热力除氧器结构改进与优化的基本原则。     

新式节能型蒸汽气体发生器

热蒸汽驱油是油田开采稠油的一种重要手段。本文介绍的蒸汽发生器改变了传统的锅炉间接换热的方式，采用高温烟气与雾化水直接换热方式实现了低耗高效的蒸汽供给。     

Benefits of external heat sources for high temperature electrolyser systems

High Temperature ELectrolysers (HTEL) operate around 1073 K with steam at 1073 K. Water is previously heated up in the Balance of Plant by the hot outlet gases and optionally by electrical heaters. If liquid water is fed to the system, vaporisation needs are covered by electrical heating, which leads to a low system efficiency of 89% vs. HHV. Using steam instead of liquid water would suppress vaporisation needs, thus increase the efficiency. This work aims to analyse the potential benefits of a steam supply. Calculation is performed without considering the energy required to preheat water. Results show that feeding the system with low-temperature steam instead of liquid water enables a system efficiency jump of 18%. Further increasing the steam temperature to 933 K negligibly impacts the system efficiency and is therefore unnecessary. It is concluded that a low-temperature steam source is sufficient to increase significantly the HTEL system efficiency.     

秦山核电二期工程辅助给水除氧器综述

为秦山二期工程设计制造的辅助给水除氧器 ,是在常规除氧器基础上进行了新型除氧器的开发和研制 ,为间壁式热力除氧器 ,加热蒸汽与给水不混合 ,是蒸汽发生器和混合式热力除氧器的组合设计     

The sea plant—A source of power, water and food without pollution

This article expands the idea of sea thermal power to show how it can be used to produce fresh water as a by-product or a major product from the plant. Limitless quantities of fresh water can be produced at a cost of less than five cents per thousand gallons.The warm water leaving the boilers of the power plant is deaerated, then boiled under vacuum conditions to produce steam. The heat to evaporate steam comes from the water and lowers its temperature a few degrees.The steam is condensed in condensers cooled by the cold water discharged from the power plant condensers. The power required for pumping the water and for deaeration is produced by the sea thermal power plant. More than a billion gallons of water per day can be produced by a power plant of 100 MW capacity.Since the condenser water from the deep ocean is warmed by the power plant and desalting plant, it will remain near the surface, and can therefore provide food for fish. We estimate that a 100 MW power plant can supply enough nutrient-rich water to grow up to seven million kilograms of fish per year.