Public participation applied to the environmental planning

This paper focuses on the public participation in environmental planning. After the decade for inaccessible information related to the decision taken, actually, the program of public parti,cipation is the reference of all the decision making process. However, there are some factors that limit this process, such as poverty, illiteracy, ignorance and often the social inequality. Therefore, this study focuses first on the benefits of public participation in environmental planning, then the involvement of the local population, and finally the decision making access using a case study of Madagascar.     

Unification and Harmonization in True Color Image City Map

True color image city map is a sort of new-style map which combines the high resolution image and map symbols and shows both advantages in visualization. At the same time, the map unification and harmonization should be taken into account dur-ing the design process, since some visual conflicts appear when map symbols overlaid on the true color image. The objective of this research is to explore the rules in the process of true color image city map design based on chromatic and aesthetic knowledge. At the end, taking the Image Atlas of Guangzhou as an example, image color adjustment, road network presentation, and symbol de-signing issues will be discussed in the application.     

A preliminary review on three-dimensional city model

In this paper a review on current research on 3DCM is presented, and an alternative approach by integrating the concepts and techniques of object-oriented method and Computer Aided Design (CAD) is suggested. Through the approach urban spatial entities as objects are extracted, which are represented with primary 3D elements (node, edge, face and body) and their combinations. In the light of the concept of object,the method supports the multiple representation of Level of Details (LOD). More importantly, topological relationships between objects are described so that 3D topological operations can be implemented.     

Network analysis modeling towards GIS based on object-relation database

This paper compares the differences between the mathematical model in graph theory and GIS network analysis model. Thus it claims that the GIS network analysis model needs to solve. Then this paper introduces the spatial data management methods in object-relation database for GIS and discusses its effects on the network analysis model. Finally it puts forward the GIS network analysis model based on the object-rela-tion database. The structure of the model is introduced in detail and research is done to the internal and external memory data structure of the model. The results show that it performs well in practice.     

FOREWORD FROM THE CHIEF EDITOR The Geo-spatial Information Science mission

Modern scientific research mainly focuses on three themes:materials,energy,and information.The concept of information was coined in the 1920s.Breakthroughs in information technology and the creation of information theory in the 1940s presaged an information age,when research and applications of information theory and technology began in full swing.Since the 1950s,the information revolution wave has swept across the world.By the early 1990s,with a booming information industry,information concepts and information technology permeated all walks of life.Social information networks based on the information super highway have accelerated the pace of construction and development in many countries;the information revolution has demonstrated bright prospects for human beings.     

Correction on Effect of Earth’s Oblateness in Inversion of GPS Occultation Data

IntroductionRadio occultation technique was firstly appliedin the astronomic research in the 18th century .It has developed greatly by the scientists in JetPropulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Stanford Uni-versity since the 1960’s and widely usedin manymissions for planets exploration, which providedus with i mportant information about the at mos-phere of these planets[1]. In 1965 , it wasbrought forward by Fischbach that this tech-nique can be used in the research of the Earth’sat mosphere[2…     

Approximate approaches to geometric corrections of high resolution satellite imagery

The exploitation of different non-rigorous mathematical models as opposed to the satellite rigorous models is discussed for geometric corrections and topographic/thematic maps production of high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI). Furthermore, this paper focuses on the effects of the number of GCPs and the terrain elevation difference within the area covered by the images on the obtained ground points accuracy. From the research, it is obviously found that non-rigorous orientation and triangulation models can be used successfully in most cases for 2D rectification and 3D ground points determination without a camera model or the satellite ephemeris data. In addition, the accuracy up to the sub-pixel level in plane and about one pixel in elevation can be achieved with a modest number of GCPs.     

Geo-environment in the Sustainable Development of Chinese Cities

Urban geo-environment mainly concerns those regards in and around a city,such as the movement of earth crust and earth surface,conditions of hydrology,geology,geography and meteorology.The relevant studies on geo-disaster reduction and the influences resulted from human activities on the geo-environment are included as well.It is stressed in the paper that geo-environmental protection and management are of significance to the sustainable development for Chinese cities.     

Gravity changes before large earthquakes in China: 1998–2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2005 at stations of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) and examined gravity changes be-fore the occurrence of nine large (Ms≥6.8) earthquakes that ruptured within or near mainland China and Taiwan from November 2001 to August 2008. Results from this analysis show that significant gravity changes occurred across a large region before each of these nine large earthquakes, and these changes were detected by repeated ground gravity surveys through CMONOC. Although these gravity changes were significant, more research is needed to investigate whether these gravity changes could be viewed as precursors of large earthquakes. Limitations and uncertainties in the data include sparseness of the gravity monitoring network, long time intervals between consecutive gravity surveys, inevitable measurement errors, hydrological effects on gravity, and effects of vertical crustal movements on gravity. Based on these observations, we make several recommendations about possible future direc-tions in earthquake-related research using gravity monitoring data.     

Constrained Edge Dynamic Deleting in CD-TIN Based on Influence Domain Retriangulation of Virtual Point

Constrained Delaunay triangulated irregular network is one kind of dynamic data structures used in geosciences. The research on point and edges insertion in CD-TIN is the basis of its application. Comparing with the algorithms of points and constrained edge insertion, there are very a few researches on constrained edge deletion in CD-TIN. Based on the analysis of the polymorphism of constrained edge, virtual points are used to describe the intersection of constrained edges. A new algorithm is presented, called as influence domain retriangulating for virtual point (IDRVP), to delete constrained edges with virtual points. The algorithm is complete in topology. Finally, the algorithm is tested by some applications cases.     

无线传感器网络技术环境应用进展

过去10年来,无线传感器网络迅速发展成一门应用技术。它是遥感技术的扩展。文章介绍近年无线传感器网络技术在环境应用中的进展。主要包括无线传感器网络技术在全球变化和生态研究、土壤环境、空气质量、水环境及水文、精准农业等领域的监测以及在目标跟踪方面的进展。总结无线传感器网络技术发展过程中的主要挑战,并对其未来环境应用中的重点发展方向进行了展望。     

基于GIS的水环境管理信息系统的研究

当前,水环境状况日益恶化,其中很主要的一个原因没有对水环境信息进行有效地分析和利用,本文针对这一状况,介绍了地理信息系统在国内外水资源和水环境领域的应用情况和研究的最新动态,在分析了我国水环境信息管理方面存在的一些问题的基础上,设计并开发了水环境信息管理软件系统,并对水环境多源数据集成,GIS与水环境数学模型的集成等关键技术进行了探讨。     

Linking archival and remotely sensed data for long-term environmental monitoring

The broad objective of this paper is to illustrate how archival, historical and remotely sensed data can be used to complement each other for long-term environmental monitoring. One of the major constraints confronting scientific investigation in the area of long-term environmental monitoring is lack of data at the required temporal and spatial scales. While remotely sensed data have provided dependable change detection databases since 1972, long-term changes such as those associated with typical climate scenarios often require longer time series data. The lack of data in readily accessible and usable formats for periods predating commercial satellite products has for a long time restricted the scope of environmental studies to temporally brief, synoptic overviews covering short time scales, thereby compromising our understanding of complex environmental processes. One way to improve this understanding is by cross-linking different forms of data at different temporal scales. However, most remote sensing based change research has tended to marginalize the utility of archival and historical sources in environmental monitoring. While the accuracy of data from non-instrumental records is often source-specific and varies from place to place, carefully conducted searches can yield useful information that can be effectively used to extend the temporal coverage of projects dependant on time series data. This paper is based on an ongoing project on environmental monitoring in the world's largest Ramsar site, the Okavango Delta, located on the northeastern fringes of Southern Africa's Kalahari–Namib desert in northern Botswana. With a database covering over 150 years between 1849 and 2001, the primary objectives of this paper are to: (1) outline how modern remotely sensed data (i.e., CORONA and Landsat) can be complemented by historical in situ observations (i.e., travellers’ records and archival maps) to extend temporal coverage into the historical past, (2) illustrate that different forms of declassified Cold War intelligence data (i.e., CORONA) can be constructively exploited to further scientific understanding and (3) provide a conceptual framework for collating and disseminating data at regional and international levels through electronic media.     

国家环境遥感监测体系研究与实现

随着国家空间基础设施的建设和发展,中国遥感监测体系研究与建设取得了重大突破,从无到有形成了国家环境遥感监测能力,并业务化实现了主要环境遥感监测要素产品的生产与服务,为新时期环境管理工作提供了有力支撑。在分析国内外环境遥感发展及中国环境遥感监测需求的基础上,阐述了中国环境监测体系建设的必要性,研究了国家环境遥感监测体系的建立与业务化运行,提出了中国环境遥感监测体系发展思路与下一步重点任务。     

新疆地区鸟类和哺乳动物丰富度与环境因子的空间格局与关系

干旱区生态系统极易受到气候及土地利用变化的影响,其生物多样性格局及其形成机制是重要的生态学问题。基于新疆地区鸟类及哺乳动物物种多样性数据,结合气候、地形和长时间序列的植被遥感参数产品FAPAR数据等,主要在不同的土地利用类型及海拔带上采用单因子相关分析方法探讨了物种丰富度格局的形成机制。总体来说,不同生境类型中,植被遥感参数因子(DHI、NDVI等)与两种类群物种丰富度分布的相关性强于与气候因子(温度、降水)的相关性。具体而言,植被遥感参数因子中,基于FAPAR的生境指数因子与丰富度的相关性大于基于植被指数的因子(DHI_cumNDVI_cumEVI_cum);气候因子中,在草地生境或者较低的海拔上,年均降水因子对于丰富度分布的解释力强于年均温度因子。这表明在新疆地区,影响鸟类与哺乳类动物物种丰富度分布的主导理论是生境异质性假说与环境稳定性假说,其解释力在多种生境内均强于生产力与环境热量。     

GIS- and RS-based spatial decision support: structure of a spatial environmental information system (SEIS)

Abstract

The development of spatial decision support for environmental resource management, e.g. forest and agroecosystem management, biodiversity conservation, or hydrological planning, started in the 1980s and was the focus of many research groups in the 1990s. The combined availability of spatial data and communication, computing, positioning, geographic information system (GIS)- and remote sensing (RS)-technologies has been responsible for the implementation of complex SDSS since the late 1990s. The regional GIS-based modelling of environmental resources, and therefore ecosystems in general, requires setting-up an extensive geo and model database. Spatial data on topography, soil, climate, land use, hydrology, flora, fauna and anthropogenic activities have to be available. Therefore, GIS- and RS-technologies are of central importance for spatial data handling and analysis. In this context, the structure of spatial environmental information systems (SEIS) is introduced. In SEIS, the input data for environmental resource management are organised in at least seven sub-information systems: base geodata information system (BGDIS), climate information system (CIS), soil information system (SIS), land use information system (LUIS), hydrological information system (HIS), spatial/temporal biodiversity information system (STBIS), forest/agricultural management information system (FAMIS). The major tasks of a SEIS are to (i) provide environmental resource information on a regional level, (ii) analyse the impact of anthropogenic activities and (iii) simulate scenarios of different impacts.     

基于水体光学分类的二类水体水环境参数遥感监测进展

二类水体主要包括内陆及近岸水体,受浮游植物、悬浮颗粒、有色可溶性有机物等多种因素影响,光学特性复杂多变,难以建立统一的水环境参数遥感定量估算模型.针对水体的光学特征,进行水体光学分类,进而反演水环境参数的方法,不仅能够提高参数估算精度,而且便于模型在同类水体中推广应用.水体光学分类方法主要包括基于固有光学特征的光学分类...     

Detecting patterns of climate change in long-term forecasts of marine environmental parameters

ABSTRACT

Forecasting environmental parameters in the distant future requires complex modelling and large computational resources. Due to the sensitivity and complexity of forecast models, long-term parameter forecasts (e.g. up to 2100) are uncommon and only produced by a few organisations, in heterogeneous formats and based on different assumptions of greenhouse gases emissions. However, data mining techniques can be used to coerce the data to a uniform time and spatial representation, which facilitates their use in many applications. In this paper, streams of big data coming from AquaMaps and NASA collections of 126 long-term forecasts of nine types of environmental parameters are processed through a cloud computing platform in order to (i) standardise and harmonise the data representations, (ii) produce intermediate scenarios and new informative parameters, and (iii) align all sets on a common time and spatial resolution. Time series cross-correlation applied to these aligned datasets reveals patterns of climate change and similarities between parameter trends in 10 marine areas. Our results highlight that (i) the Mediterranean Sea may have a standalone ‘response’ to climate change with respect to other areas, (ii) the Poles are most representative of global forecasted change, and (iii) the trends are generally alarming for most oceans.     

辽宁省环境地理信息系统平台的开发与应用

环境问题已引起全社会广泛的关注,环境信息的建设愈来愈受到人们的重视。辽宁省环境地理信息系统平台是一个包含全省环境质量在线监控、污染源在线监控、污染控制管理、各市烟尘视频监控以及环境质量数据中心等功能的综合环境管理地理信息系统。该系统采用了先进的GPRS无线实时传输技术、G IS空间分析功能以及基于W ebG IS的网络发布技术,广泛应用于我省各级环保部门,给环境管理和污染治理提供了及时、准确和全面的环境信息,是目前国内在环境信息管理方面涵盖手段广、技术先进的系统平台。     

涪江支流湔江水环境容量及总量控制研究

本文以四川省绵阳市湔江为研究对象,通过对该河流水质现状的分析,根据2005年现场实测的数据,采用建立的一维水环境容量计算模型来测算和分析该河流的水环境容量。结果表明:该河流水环境容量CODCr为1384.83ta-1,NH3-N为97.69ta-1,所排放的CODCr量、NH3-N量没有超过该流域容量,出水水质达到水质保护目标Ⅲ类标准。并根据该流域污染源的实际情况,针对工业污染源和城镇生活污染源的不同特点提出具体的总量控制对策。