镧改性固体催化剂SnO2-WO3/La2O3的制备及其催化性能

500℃焙烧3 h条件下制备了摩尔比nSn∶nW=2∶1,含3.0%(质量分数,下同)La2O3的镧改性固体催化剂SnO2-WO3/La2O3,采用IR分析对其进行了表征。通过改变催化剂用量、30%H2O2用量、反应时间及催化剂重复使用性等因素,系统考察了该稀土改性双金属氧化物催化氧化环己酮合成己二酸的催化性能。实验结果表明,己二酸的适宜合成条件为:100 mmol环己酮,1.25 g催化剂SnO2-WO3/La2O3,50 mL 30%H2O2,回流反应7 h,目的产物己二酸收率达77.7%。SnO2-WO3/La2O3连续使用6次己二酸收率仍可接近40%。     

固体酸La2O3-Ga2O3/硅胶的研制及其催化合成丙酸异丁酯

采用自制固体酸La2O3-Ga2O3/硅胶为催化剂催化丙酸与异丁醇进行酯化反应合成了丙酸异丁酯,并采用IR分析对催化剂进行了表征。催化剂的制备条件为La2O3∶Ga2O3∶硅胶=5∶20∶75(质量比),500℃焙烧2 h。考察了催化剂用量、醇酸物质的量比、反应时间、带水剂种类和催化剂的重复使用性等因素对酯化率的影响。结果表明,适宜的反应条件为0.20 mol丙酸,催化剂用量1.00 g、醇酸物质的量比1.8,反应时间90 min,酯化率可达98.2%。     

Mo~( 6)掺杂制备SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/MoO_3固体超强酸催化合成氯乙酸异辛酯

以氯乙酸和异辛醇为原料,用Mo 6掺杂制备SO2-4/TiO2/MoO3的固体超强酸催化剂催化合成氯乙酸异辛酯,研究了酯化反应的优化条件。当n(异辛醇):n(氯乙酸)为1.1∶1;催化剂用量为反应物料质量的2.0%时,反应时间90min,氯乙酸异辛酯的收率达到95.5%。     

CeO2稳定PEMFC阴极催化剂制备与性能研究

传统的质子交换膜燃料电池阴极铂碳催化剂虽然具有较高的氧还原活性,但其稳定性还需要进一步提高。本文通过加入富含氧缺陷的CeO₂纳米颗粒提高铂碳催化剂的氧还原活性和稳定性。研究表明采用共沉淀-酸处理法合成的CeO₂纳米颗粒存在大量的Ce³⁺,说明该方法制备的CeO₂中含有丰富的氧缺陷。将Pt或PtCo合金纳米颗粒负载在CeO₂/C上制备成的催化剂显示了良好的性能：当C∶CeO₂=2∶1(质量比)时,Pt-CeO₂/C催化剂活性最高,半波电位达到了0.868 V,且催化稳定性较20%Pt/C大幅提高,经过1×10⁴次连续循环后,20%Pt/C的质量活性衰减了82.2%,而Pt-CeO₂/C催化剂的质量活性衰减仅为13.8%;以PtCo-CeO₂/C(2∶1)为阴极催化剂的单电池最大输出功率为1.02 W·cm^-2。     

WO_3-ZSM-5/SBA-15催化剂的制备及其用于FCC汽油的催化氧化脱硫性能研究

以钨酸为钨源对微孔-介孔复合分子筛ZSM-5/SBA-15进行改性,合成出10%WO_3-ZSM-5/SBA-15催化剂,并利用XRD、SEM对其进行表征,结果表明钨酸在催化剂表面负载均匀。以FCC汽油为研究对象,考察了不同的反应温度、反应时间、H_2O_2用量、WO_3-ZSM-5/SBA-15用量对催化氧化脱硫率的影响。研究表明,在FCC汽油用量20mL,反应温度70℃,反应时间100min,m催化剂∶mFCC=1∶50,VH_2O_2∶VFCC=2%条件下,脱硫率可达71.89%。不同种类硫化物按脱除先后排序为DBT4,6-DMDBTBT。     

含铈固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2-CeO2催化合成乙酸丁酯的研究

以固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2-CeO2作催化剂,冰醋酸和正丁醇为原料合成了乙酸丁酯.采用正交实验法对影响反应的因素进行了考察.结果表明最佳反应条件为n(醇)∶n(酸)=2∶1,催化剂用量为反应混合物总量的1.5%(质量分数),反应时间为3h,酯化率可达92.6%.     

CeO2及其复合催化剂对煤粉燃烧效率的影响

 利用热重分析法研究了稀土氧化物CeO2和其复合催化剂对煤粉燃烧特性的影响。研究了稀土氧化物及其复合催化剂的添加量、配比对煤粉燃烧特性的影响。结果表明：CeO2可以促进烟煤挥发分析出和燃烧,改善其燃烧性能,CeO2添加质量分数为4%时其催化效果最为显著;不同催化剂对无烟煤燃烧的催化效果各异,MnO2有利于挥发分析出,而CeO2促进了残碳的燃烧,其催化作用不同于烟煤;Ce-Fe-Mn系复合催化剂催化效果优于单组分催化剂,其中CeFeMn(3∶1∶1)的催化效果最佳。利用Coats-Redfern动力学模型分析了煤粉燃烧活化能、指前因子等动力学参数,添加CeFeMn(3∶1∶1)的煤粉反应速率常数较大,催化效果显著。     

SO42-/TiO2-La2O3催化剂催化合成苹果酯-B

制备了稀土改性固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-La2O3催化剂。以SO42-/TiO2-La2O3为多相催化剂,对以乙酰乙酸乙酯和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成苹果酯-B的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明:固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-La2O3是合成苹果酯-B的良好催化剂,最佳反应条件为:n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.5%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1.5h,反应温度85℃～110℃。在上述条件下,苹果酯-B的收率可达88.6%。     

MnOx?FeOy/TiO2?ZrO2?CeO2低温选择性催化还原NOz和抗毒性研究

用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO₂?ZrO₂?CeO₂（摩尔比4∶1∶1.25）载体,柠檬酸溶液浸渍法进一步负载MnO_x及MnO_x?FeO_y,进而合成了一种Fe掺杂的新型Mn基复合氧化物催化剂,考察其NH₃选择性催化还原NO性能及抗硫性能。它在含硫氛围中有良好的低温选择性催化还原（SCR）能力和抗中毒能力,Fe的引入促进了Mn与TiO₂?ZrO₂?CeO₂载体之间的相互作用,增加了催化剂表面Lewis酸性位点的数量。根据X射线光谱分析,Mn4+,Ce4+和吸附的氧的含量明显增加,对提高催化剂的性能非常有利。根据热重分析,在SO₂和H₂O同时存在的环境下,Fe的存在使硫酸铵和硫酸铈的产生量减少,抑制了锰的硫酸化,进一步提高了催化剂的抗毒性。MnO_x（12.5%）?FeO_y（0.8）/TiO₂?ZrO₂?CeO₂（4∶1∶1.25）催化剂在180 ℃下,同时通入体积分数10% H₂O和125×10?6 SO₂ 240 min,NO_z转化率可保持在75.6%。根据研究成果,新型锰基复合金属氧化物催化剂为进一步探索催化剂的SCR反应和抗毒机理提供了基础,促进了SCR工艺的工业应用。      

稀土复合固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2- 2% Gd2O3催化合成乙酸戊酯

制备了稀土复合固体超强酸SO₄2-/ZrO_2- 2%Gd₂O₃催化剂,并对以乙酸和戊醇为原料合成乙酸戊酯的反应条件进行了研究。研究表明:当戊醇与乙酸的摩尔比为1:1.5,反应时间为6h,反应温度为130℃,催化剂用量为6%戊醇的质量时,反应酯化率最高,酯化率可达98.93%,选择性高达100%。研究发现,该催化剂可重复使用,并能活化再生。      

Catalytic Performance of Ce／Zr Oxides Catalysts for Soot Combustion

Catalytic performances of a series Ce/Zr oxides(CexZr1-xO2 )for soot combustion were investigated. The catalytic activities for soot combustion were affected by both the Ce/Zr ratio and the oxygen storageinvestigated. Thecapability of Ce/Zr oxides. O2-TPD and TG-DTA results indicate that CexZr1-xO2 can release its lattice oxygen continuously and promote soot combustion even no oxygen occurs in the reaction atmosphere. Among these Ce/Zr oxides, Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 has the best catalytic activity, and the ignition temperature of soot combustion was about 410℃, which is close to the practical exhaust temperature of the diesel engine.     

CexZr1-xO2 储氧材料制备方法研究进展

本文综述了共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、高能球磨法等常用CexZr1-xO2储氧材料的合成方法,并进行了比较。阐述了CexZr1-xO2的基本改性机制,详述了稀土元素、碱土元素以及过渡金属对CexZr1-xO2的改性效果及原理。相关研究结果表明,CexZr1-xO2晶体结构、形貌、比表面积与其合成方法有很大关系,从而影响其储氧性能和热稳定性。通过掺杂第三种元素与CexZr1-xO2形成三元固溶体能进一步改善其储氧性能和热稳定性,从而使CO和HC在还原条件下以及NOx在氧化条件下的转化率大大提高。最后,本文指出了CexZr1-xO2储氧材料目前存在的问题和今后的研究方向。     

Thermal Stability and Reductive Property of Cex Zr1-xO2 Solid Solution Doped Simultaneously by Fe, Mn or Fe, Cu

CeO2 findswideapplicationsinfuelcells ,andasapromoterinthree waycatalyst(TWC)forautomotiveexhaustcontrol.Thestabilityandoxygenstorageca pacityofCeO2 makeitanidealpromoterinTWCfo rmulations[1,2 ] .Ithasbeenreported[3 ] thatmicrostruc turalstabilityofCeO2 i…     

Palladium catalysts supported on novel CexY1-xO washcoats for toluene catalytic combustion

Novel CexY1-xO washcoats adhered on the cordierite honeycomb, used as supports for Pd catalysts, were prepared by an impregnation method. It was fotmd that the CexY1-xO washcoats had better adhesion and higher adsorption efficiency of H2PdCl4, and the optimal component of the washcoat was Ce0.8Y0.2O. Model reaction of catalytic combustion of toluene was chosen to evaluate the performance of the developed Pd/CexY1-xO/substrate catalysts. The results showed that the catalytic performance of the Pd/CexY1-xO/substrate catalysts depended on the component of the washcoats, with the Pd/Ce0.8Y0.2O/substrate catalyst giving the best catalytic activity and thermal stability.     

Preparation and Characterization of Cex Th1-xO2 Solid Solutions Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

Ceriumoxidehasbeenwidelystudiedinrecent yearsbecauseofitsusefulnessindifferentareasof chemistry.Incatalyticfield,forexample,CeO2has beenusedasanimportantcomponentofautomotive three waycatalystsforreducingtheexhaust.The mainroleofceriainthree waycatalystsi…     

Hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol over copper doped Ni/CeO2 catalysts

High surface area CeO2 was prepared by the surfactant-assisted route and was employed as catalyst support. The 0-3 at.% Cu doped Cu-Ni/CeO2 catalysts with 10 wt.% and 15 wt.% of total metal loading were prepared by an impregnation-coprecipitation method. The influence of Cu atomic content on the catalytic performance was investigated on the steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) for H2 production and the catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature-programmed rerduction (TPR) and H2-pulse chemisorption techniques. The activity and products distribution behaviors of the catalysts were significantly affected by the doped Cu molar content based on the promotion effect on the dispersion of NiO particles and the interactions between Cu-Ni metal and CeO2 support. Significant increase in the ethanol conversion and hydrogen selectivity were obtained when moderate Cu metal was doped into the Ni/CeO2 catalyst. Over both of the 10Ni98.5Cu1.5/CeO2 and 15Ni98.5Cu1.5/CeO2 catalysts, more than 80% of ethanol conversion and 60% of H2 selectivity were obtained in the ethanol steam-reforming when the reaction temperature was above 450 ℃.     

Redox behavior of gold supported on ceria and ceria-zirconia based catalysts

A series of gold-based catalysts were prepared by deposition precipitation or incipient wetness impregnation on CexZ1-xO2 solid solutions (0.28≤x≤1.00). The morphological and structural characterization of these catalysts were carried out with X-ray diffraction, trans-mission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and physical adsorption technique, and their redox properties were studied by temperature pro-grammed reduction using both H2 and CO as probe molecules. Two cycles of oxidation/reduction were carried out in order to evaluate the effects of redox aging and gold sintering on the oxygen exchange capability. As observed with other noble metals, gold enhanced and pro-moted the ceria reduction at lower temperatures. Reduction by CO was shown to be dependent on the fine dispersion of gold and to be nega-tively affected by the ageing process more than reduction with hydrogen. This might have implications in reactions like water gas shift and CO-PROX which involve CO as a main reactant.     

Effects of ceria/zirconia ratio on properties of mixed CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3 compound

A series of CexZr0.50-xAl0.50O1.75(0.05≤x≤0.45) mixed oxides with different Ce/Zr ratio were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD),Brunauer-Emmet Teller method(BET),temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR) and oxygen pulsing technique.The XRD results showed that all samples kept the single CeO2 cubic fluorite structure after calcination at 600 and 1000 oC for 5 h.The results of BET revealed that CexZr0.50-xAl0.50O1.75 with Ce/Zr molar ratio 1/1 exhibited higher specific surface area(212 m2/g) and larger pore volume(0.40 ml/g).For all aged samples,CZA with Ce/Zr molar ratio 3/7 presented the highest specific surface area(104 m2/g) and pore volume(0.34 ml/g).The compounds could still keep prominent structural and textural stability with excellent redox properties even calcined at 1000 oC.     

Rare earth oxide modified Cu-Mn compounds supported on TiO₂ catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia and in lean oxygen

Selective catalytic oxidation(SCO) of ammonia was carried out over Cu-Mn compounds catalysts modified with trivalent rare earth oxide Ce2O3 and La2O3 respectively.TiO2 was used as support and different ratio of O2 were tested in order to find an appropriate O2 concentration(vol.%),and the results showed that 1%O2(vol.%) was propitious to SCO of ammonia.The effects of the two rare earth oxides modified catalysts Ce2O3-Cu-Mn/TiO2 and La2O3-Cu-Mn/TiO2 on the catalytic activity and selectivity of ammonia oxidation were investigated under the reaction condition of 500 ppm ammonia,1%O2(vol.%),at the temperature from 125 to 250 oC.The results revealed the beneficial role of Ce2O3 and La2O3 in catalytic activity at low temperature and lean oxygen concentration,while the modification with Ce2O3 and La2O3 led to the negative influence on N2 selectivity.For the catalysts modified with Ce showed lower NO and N2O selectivity than the catalysts modified with La,then the effects of different Ce loadings on catalytic activity and selectivity were also considered,in combination with catalysts preparation methods,which include incipient wet impregnation,sol-gel method and co-precipitation.Results revealed that the catalysts prepared by sol-gel method obtained preferable catalytic activity compared with the others,reaching 99% ammonia at 200 oC,whereas 96% NO was detected.It also indicated that different catalyst preparation method significantly determined production distribution.     

NiO-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 catalysts prepared by citric acid method for steam reforming of ethanol

NiO-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2catalysts were prepared by citrate method and used for hydrogen production from steam reforming of ethanol (SRE). The effect of nickel content and space velocity on the catalytic performance was investigated. The prepared catalysts were character-ized with XRD and thermal analysis techniques. 20%NiO-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 catalyst was very active and selective for hydrogen production via SRE, in which ethanol conversion of 100% could be obtained with feed component of 20% (H2O+EtOH) and 80% N2, water/ethanol of 3/1 in molar ratio at 350 ℃. Also, the catalyst showed good stability for anti-sintering and carbon-resistance. The XRD illuminated that both NiO and Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 crystal sizes were very small in NiO-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 catalyst, and Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 solid solution was formed.