星载软件可靠性测试实践

为验证和评估软件可靠性水平,阐述了开展软件可靠性测试的方法和过程,针对星载嵌入式软件的特点,介绍了进行软件可靠性测试的关键步骤的实现途径和方法,包括:失效的定义、测试环境的搭建、使用剖面的构造、测试过程的执行以及失效数据的收集,最后给出了该软件的可靠性定量评估结果,表明了该方法和流程的实用性和可行性,为后续开展类似的软件可靠性测试提供实践经验.     

嵌入式软件可靠性测试系统及其通信研究

传统的嵌入式软件测试系统，不论是单机结构还是分布式结构，在长时间大规模的嵌入式软件可靠性测试时，都在数据传输方面存在相应问题。本文针对嵌入式软件可靠性测试对数据通信的实时性、延迟确定性要求，结合在国防、通信、航天、工业控制等领域广泛应用的交换式以太网技术，介绍了一种星型拓扑嵌入式软件测试系统原型。     

星载计算机嵌入式软件的自动化测试技术

星载计算机嵌入式软件具有特殊的应用领域和运行环境，要求极高的可靠性和安全性，因此系统软件在设计和实现中同计算机硬件一道大量的采用了一系列的客错机制，如看门狗、三取二等措施。特别是在错误处理和应用一级的客错特性主要是由软件来实现的。星载计算机软件既是嵌入式软件，又是容错软件，这使得软件的测试难度加大，一些隐蔽的缺陷难以发现。针对星栽嵌入式软件的以上特点，本文讨论了在确认测试阶段如何采用自动化测试技术来降低测试难度，节省回归测试时间，缩短产品发布周期，从而达到提高产品质量的目的。     

基于SPARC V8的星载嵌入式软件全数字仿真平台设计与实现

为了提高星载嵌入式软件的可靠性和安全性,解决硬件测试环境构建困难、成本昂贵以及运行状态难以监控的局限性,提出了一种基于SPARC V8的星载嵌入式软件全数字仿真平台设计和实现方法。介绍了全数字仿真平台实现的关键技术,包括CPU指令集仿真、寄存器仿真、存储器仿真、中断控制器仿真、串口仿真、定时器仿真、虚拟外设模型仿真以及设备管理器和平台时序设计。全数字仿真平台与基于硬件的测试平台相比具有可重用性强、可快速搭建、成本低廉、高可控性、调试和测试手段丰富、支持故障注入等优点。该全数字仿真平台已在星载嵌入式软件型号研制中得到了应用,基于此平台可快速搭建虚拟目标机和虚拟外设环境,进行星载嵌入式软件运行仿真、调试验证等工作。     

嵌入式软件可靠性仿真测试环境框架

提出了一种针对嵌入式软件进行可靠性测试的仿真测试环境框架。分析了仿真测试环境的系统特性并对其功能组件进行了介绍，对测试环境中的测试运行时组件进行了功能需求的分析，构建出测试运行时组件的框架实现，借助于UML中的抽象类图和顺序图描述对框架的静态特征和动态特征作了介绍，总结了利用框架实现仿真测试环境的优势。     

嵌入式软件可靠性仿真测试环境框架

提出了一种针对嵌入式软件进行可靠性测试的仿真测试环境框架。分析了仿真测试环境的系统特性并对其功能组件进行了介绍，对测试环境中的测试运行时组件进行了功能需求的分析，构建出测试运行时组件的框架实现，借助于UML中的抽象类图和顺序图描述对框架的静态特征和动态特征作了介绍，总结了利用框架实现仿真测试环境的优势。     

星载软件可靠性工程研究与实践

为提高星载软件的可靠性,针对某星载软件的特点,讨论了开展软件可靠性工程的实施框架和过程,分别从软件可靠性设计、分析、度量和测试四个方面进行了总结和评述.重点论述了软件可靠性设计准则,软件故障模式及影响分析和软件故障树分析技术的特点,软件可靠性度量的选择方法,以及软件可靠性测试的评估规程和可靠性模型的选择方法,并给出了技术应用的结果,证明了这些方法的可行性和适用性.     

面向船舶软件的仿真测试平台研究

软件仿真测试是嵌入式软件黑盒测试领域行之有效且具有广泛应用前景的方法,为解决船舶软件利用仿真测试环境进行自动化测试问题,文中分析了舰船作战指挥控制系统中的嵌入式软件的交联环境,研究了软件测试交联环境协同管理技术;利用将测试模型转化为XML文件并解析驱动的方法实现测试用例的自动执行;对仿真测试中数据类别分析,提出了测试数据的自动收集与分析技术.设计并开发了舰船嵌入式软件仿真测试系统,有效提高了船舶软件测试效率和测试准确性.     

以软件可靠性增长测试推动软件可靠性工程的实施

针对航空机载武器系统嵌入式软件可靠性工程实施现状,提出以软件可靠性增长测试为基础。推动软件可靠性工程的实施的观点,并给出由软件可靠性增长测试推动软件可靠性工程实施的具体过程。     

QFD在嵌入式软件测试运行剖面定义中的应用

嵌入式软件可靠性测试往往是基于运行剖面的,常用均匀分布或分段均匀分布的选取方式确定各个运行剖面输入变量的取值范围,这种选取方式使测试用例的生成和选择是随机的,不具备针对性,使用质量功能展开(QFD)方法能克服这种局限性。将需求优先级、测试成本、业务重要性等因素作为权重分配给嵌入式软件可靠性测试系统的运行剖面的输入变量,可提高工作效率,并且达到以质量为导向的测试目的。     

基于软件可靠性工程的测试模型

软件可靠性工程是软件工程的一个重要分支,主要建立在操作剖面、软件可靠性模型、概率论和软件测试等理论的基础之上。该文结合软件可靠性、软件可靠性工程和软件测试的相关理论,设计了可靠性测试模型,并在市政交通一卡通工程系统中进行了实际验证。     

A mathematical modeling framework for software reliability testing†

Software reliability testing refers to various software testing activities that are driven to achieve a quantitative reliability goal given a priori or lead to a quantitative reliability assessment for the software under test. In this paper we develop a modeling framework for the software reliability testing process, comprising a simplifying model and a generalized model. In both models the software testing action selection process and the defect removal mechanism are explicitly described. Both the discrete-time domain and the continuous-time domain are involved. The generalized model is more accurate or realistic than the simplifying model since the former avoids the assumption that defects are equally detectable and the assumption that defects are removed upon being detected. However simulation examples show that the simplifying model really captures some of essential features of the software testing process after a short initial testing stage. The modeling framework is practically realistic, mathematically rigorous, and quantitatively precise. It demonstrates that the relationship between software testing and delivered software reliability, which was poor understood, can well be formulated and quantified. Rigorous examinations show that several common assumptions adopted in software reliability modeling, including the independence assumption, the exponentiality assumption, and the NHPP assumption, are theoretically false in general. This paper sets a good starting point to further formalize and quantify the software testing process and its relation to delivered software reliability.     

Software testing processes as a linear dynamic system

Software testing is essential for software reliability improvement and assurance, and the processes of software testing are intrinsically dynamic. However they are seldom investigated in a mathematically rigorous manner. In this paper a theoretical study is presented to examine the dynamic behavior of software testing. More specifically, a set of simplifying assumptions is adopted to formulate and quantify the software testing processes. The mathematical formulae for the expected number of observed software failures are rigorously derived, the bounds and trends of the expected number of observed software failures are analyzed, and the variance of the number of observed software failures is examined. On the other hand, it is demonstrated that under the simplifying assumptions, the software testing processes can be treated as a linear dynamic system. This suggests that the software testing processes could be classified as linear or non-linear, and there be intrinsic link between software testing and system dynamics.     

An experimental study of adaptive testing for software reliability assessment

Adaptive testing is a new form of software testing that is based on the feedback and adaptive control principle and can be treated as the software testing counterpart of adaptive control. Our previous work has shown that adaptive testing can be formulated and guided in theory to minimize the variance of an unbiased software reliability estimator and to achieve optimal software reliability assessment. In this paper, we present an experimental study of adaptive testing for software reliability assessment, where the adaptive testing strategy, the random testing strategy and the operational profile based testing strategy were applied to the Space program in four experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the adaptive testing strategy can really work in practice and may noticeably outperform the other two. Therefore, the adaptive testing strategy can serve as a preferable alternative to the random testing strategy and the operational profile based testing strategy if high confidence in the reliability estimates is required or the real-world operational profile of the software under test cannot be accurately identified.     

实时多任务软件高可靠性测评方法

为了克服传统可靠性测试方法在验证高可靠性指标时测试持续期太长的困难,针对实时多任务软件的特点,提供了一种融基于体系结构的系统可靠性建模、最大熵原理、贝叶斯统计推断为一体的多级高可靠性测评方法。数值仿真表明,该方法在不降低验证测试置信水平的基础上,能有效缩短验证测试持续期。     

软件可靠性稳定增长与安全性测试的故障树分析法

随着信息技术的发展,计算机应用日益广泛,软件可靠性和软件安全性越来越受到重视。本文提出软件可靠性稳定增长测试与软件安全性测定的概念,并利用故障树分析技术,详细讨论了它们在操作获取高的软件可靠性与安全性工作中的作用,描述了故障树分析方法的分析过程,最后本文分析了它的优缺点,并对该方法的可能的改进及补充进行了一些探讨。     

嵌入式软件的可靠性测试及评估

软件可靠性是衡量软件质量的重要指标之一,软件可靠性测试和评估是提高软件可靠性的有效手段。针对嵌入式软件,研究了软件可靠性测试关键技术及统计方案,并将软件可靠性测试评估技术首次应用在某产品的嵌入式软件中,通过验证软件是否满足可靠性指标要求,为评价软件可靠性提供依据。     

Markov控制转换多模块软件可靠性测评方法

针对软件多模块化发展的趋势以及当前软件可靠性测评把软件当成一个整块进行处理的缺点,本文提供了一种Markov控制转换多模块软件的可靠性测评方法.方法的主要思想包括建立基于软件体系结构的可靠性模型,并依据该模型把系统级的可靠性指标优化分配到模块级,实现在模块级对整个软件系统可靠性的监控,并在系统级的测评中进行确认.文中针对系统级测评缺少失效数据的情况,重点阐述了如何基于最大熵原理求解系统可靠性参数分布函数,以实现对系统可靠性指标的验证.