竖直管路内流动液氢条件中弹状氢气泡运动速度

低温加注系统中的弹状流可能引发各种非稳现象,造成低温液氢传输管路的破坏.针对垂直管路内气液两相流实验化困难的问题,运用建模仿真的方法建立了竖直管路中弹状流气泡的运动模型,模拟了弹状氢气泡在流动液氢中的上升过程,并对其运动速度进行了研究.仿真结果表明:弹状氢气泡在流动液氢中运动时,其速度模型中的速度系数与流体的速度有关,...     

双锥流量计气液两相流测量模型研究

设计了一种直径比为0.8的新型双锥流量计.在管道内径为50 mm、干度范围为0.002 5～0.04的工况下,采用该流量计对水平管道气液两相流流量的测量进行了实验研究.在水流量标准装置上对该流量计进行了标定,分析了其流出系数.基于均相流和James模型,提出了一种混合密度的修正方法.利用双锥流量计的差压信号,分别对均相流模型、James模型以及修正的模型进行气液两相流总流量测量误差分析.实验结果显示,经密度修正的模型对总流量测量的相对误差可控制在6%以内,均方根误差为2.94%,表明修正后的模型可对总流量进行有效的测量,双锥流量计用于气液两相流测量可以获得较好的效果.     

微通道内气液两相流型的数值模拟

为了解微通道内气液两相流型对换热器热质传递的影响,建立了微通道内气液两相流型的数值模型。本文对微通道内气液两相波纹流、环状流和弹状流进行模拟,采用VOF界面追踪方法来描述气液相界面,并考虑了表面张力和重力的影响,并建立了预测微通道内气液两相流型的数值模型。通过与已有文献中的实验数据对比,验证了模型的可靠性。     

基于近红外面源传感器的气液两相流相含率测量

针对传统近红外点对点探头传感器测量存在盲区、数据精度低等问题,提出并设计了一种基于近红外面源传感器的气液两相流相含率测量装置,并对其进行研究。该装置有效减小了近红外光的折射与反射,提高了测量的精确度。通过CFD流体仿真软件模拟了管道内流体的流动状态,并对该装置的结构进行了仿真及优化。在单相流实验的基础上进行气液两相流动态实验,得到了4路近红外信号与相含率的关系,建立了相含率测量模型,数据导入修正模型分析得到的相含率测量相对误差在±3.5%以内。     

段塞流作用下海底悬跨管道涡激振动特性分析

对海底悬跨管道在段塞流和涡激振动(VIV)耦合作用下的动力响应进行了数值模拟。基于向量式有限元(VFIFE)法考虑内部段塞流动,结合尾流振子模型建立了海底悬跨管道涡激振动分析模型,研究了不同Taylor气泡或液塞平移速度(v_T=3～5 m/s)、不同液塞长度(L_S=15D～45D)下悬跨管道的横向振动特性。结果表明：海底悬跨管道涡激振动的锁振区间受段塞流作用的影响有向后延展的趋势;Taylor气泡平移速度的增加、液塞长度的减小会显著增加锁振区间;液塞长度的增长将会增大管道振动响应幅值。     

基于热不平衡两流体模型气氧射流冷凝过程研究

建立了氧气在液氧流体中流动冷凝过程的一维热不平衡两流体六方程模型,提出了气泡冷凝模型,对过热蒸气状态方程,相界面受力方程也进行了改进。研究了高温气氧射流冷凝过程的气液两相分布特性,包括两相流速分布,声速分布以及冷凝特征长度L/d。分析了气液流量比,液氧温度和压力对气氧射流冷凝过程的影响,得出了提高液氧过冷度能够减小气氧射流冷凝特征长度。获得了冷凝特征长度凝结关系式,仿真结果与气氧射流冷凝试验结果一致,验证了热不平衡两流体模型求解气氧射流冷凝问题在较大工况范围的适应性。     

长喉颈文丘里管气液两相流弹状流机理研究

为了实现气液两相流相含率测量并得到相关模型,结合气液两相流研究现状,采用近红外光谱技术与高速摄影技术结合的手段,利用近红外系统布置于长喉颈文丘里管喉管位置的新装置,将弹状流相间流动特征与近红外测量系统接收光强信号特征相结合,提出了把弹状流分成泰勒气泡与尾部气泡两部分的简化模型,在数据处理时对近红外接收光强高频信号进行有效分组,建立了新的气液两相流弹状流相含率测量模型。从一定程度上解决了弹状流不同部位的两相交界面对近红外接收探头接收光强信号影响差异较大的问题。新型模型的测量效果较好,所得结果测量误差较小。     

循环预冷气液两相流压降特性及引射气等效研究

分析了液体运载火箭低温动力系统循环预冷的驱动力,总结了管路内气液两相流动压降的主要计算方法,深入研究不同工况垂直管路上升低温气液两相流压降各组成部分比例情况及影响因素,得到了气液两相流不同气体组分间压降等效转化关系,并利用计算模型与实验数据进行了对比验证,为低温动力系统循环预冷工程应用和仿真分析提供参考。     

双锥流量计气液两相流空隙率测量研究

设计了一种结构简单、对加工工艺要求较低的双锥流量计,并用于气液两相流参数的测量.提取双锥流量计的差压波动信号的特征值,采用无量纲分析方法建立分相含率的测量模型,通过优化方法获得局部最佳的模型参数.在气液两相流实验装置上开展了实验研究.结果表明,所建立的分相含率测量模型可在一定的空隙率范围内对气液两相流含气率进行有效的测量.     

气液两相流管道噪声测试

气液两相流管道内气流扰动、气体与液体的扰动产生噪声。利用双通道数据采集器/频谱分析仪对实验管道沿程噪声进行数据采集与处理,得到管道噪声频谱图。改变实验条件,对不同气体流量,不同含液量的管道进行噪声测试。通过对噪声频谱图的数据统计与分析,对管道噪声特性进行总结。通过分析可知,管道噪声检测是确定输气管道是否含液及是否出现液塞的有效方法。     

Thermo-hydrodynamic transport phenomena in partially wetting liquid plugs moving inside micro-channels

Single-phase as well as two-phase fluid flows inside mini/micro-channels and capillary tubes are of practical importance in many miniaturized engineering systems. While several issues related to single-phase transport are fairly well understood, two-phase systems still pose challenges for engineering design. The presence of gas–liquid interfaces, dominance of surface forces, moving contact lines, wettability, dynamic contact angle hysteresis and flow in confined geometries are some of the unique features of two-phase systems, which manifest into complex transport phenomena. While Taylor plug/bubble flow is a fairly common flow pattern in several micro-fluidic devices operating at low Bond number, the ensuing transport characteristics are complex and still not fully discerned. This review paper aims at highlighting the nuances and features of a unit cell of a Taylor plug flow, especially focusing on partially wetting systems, which are more common in engineering applications. Emphasis is given to a ‘unit cell’ flow system consisting of an isolated liquid Taylor plug with adjacent gas phase, confined in a capillary tube. Such a seemingly simple flow condition poses considerable challenges for discerning and modelling local thermo-hydrodynamic transport coefficients. Relevant background information and fundamentals are carefully scrutinized while summarizing the state-of-the-art. The role of wettability and dissipation near the contact line is highlighted via available experimental and simulation results. Local momentum and heat transfer exchange processes during the motion of an isolated plug of partially wetting liquid moving inside a capillary tube are delineated.     

Some features of the wall shear stress in a vertical tube around a small taylor bubble in an upward flow

The wall shear stress induced by a Taylor bubble in upward flow in vertical tube has been studied with eight electrodiffusion friction probes placed in one cross section of the tube uniformly over its perimeter. The mean shear stress averaged over the tube perimeter in liquid film between the small (3–4 tube diameters) gas bubble and the tube wall is positive in the transient and turbulent-flow regimes.     

Investigation of Taylor bubble wake structure in liquid nitrogen by PIV technique

The Taylor bubble wake structures of liquid nitrogen in circular tubes with five different inner diameters under various inclination angles were investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. Optical distortions produced by tube curvature and the refractive index difference between the tube and fluid were corrected by a new correction algorithm, which requires fewer equations than the existing one. The uniform grid validation shows the maximum error of the developed algorithm is only 3%. Experimental results have shown that the criterion for determining the wake structure of Taylor bubble in normal atmospheric temperature fluid in vertical tube from reference is still applicable for liquid nitrogen at higher Eötvös numbers 173 and 226; but the criterion is no longer applicable when the Eötvös numbers are at lower values of 8, 22 and 57. For the inclined tube, the vortex size in Taylor bubble wake was found to increase with the decreasing of inclination angle.     

Dispersion in a two-zone packed tube: An extended Taylor’s analysis

Taylor’s classical analysis for scalar dispersion in a single phase fluid flow is rigorously generalized for an instantaneous release of scalar substances into a fully developed flow through a long tube of two zones distinctively packed with porous media. A formulation for the dispersion is presented by cross-sectionally averaging the concentration transport equations and introducing a closure model for the concentration deviation terms produced in the averaging procedure. The velocity distribution of the flow through the tube is derived, with existing solution for a single zone tube flow included as a special case. Corresponding dispersivity is analytically determined, and Taylor’s well-known result for a single phase flow in a single-zone tube is recovered by setting corresponding parameters as unity. The effects of relevant parameters on both velocity profile and Taylor dispersivity are illustrated.     

Experimental observations of flow boiling of liquid helium I in vertical channels

Results are reported of the flow structure and pressure drop of helium 1 flowing upwards in a vertical heated circular glass tube. The experiments covered heat fluxes from 4.5 to 600 Wm^?2, mass fluxes from 2 to 12 kg m^?2 s^?1 and pressures between 1 and 1.2 atm. The use of a glass tube made it possible to study with both high speed and ordinary photography the changing flow regimes in evaporating helium. For the bubble flow regime the shape, size and drag coefficient of the observed bubbles are reported.Slip velocity, void fraction and pressure drop measurements are compared with generally accepted two-phase flow theories. A void fraction correlation for two-phase helium flow is proposed.     

R134a-DMF垂直管内鼓泡吸收特性研究

为研究垂直管内R134a-DMF(二甲基甲酰胺)鼓泡吸收过程的热、质传递特性,本文搭建了垂直管内鼓泡吸收实验测试装置,构建了管内R134a被R134a-DMF混合溶液鼓泡吸收过程的热、质传递数学模型.进一步通过模型分析了当吸收压力为0.35 MPa,蒸气入口温度为5℃,稀溶液入口质量流量为12.0 kg/h时,吸收过程...     

Effects of Reduced Gravity Conditions on Bubble Dispersion Characteristics in the Bubble Column

Bubble-liquid turbulent flow has an excellent heat and mass transfer behaviors than single gas or liquid flow. In order to analyze the effects of normal and reduced gravity on cold bubble-liquid two-phase turbulent flow in bubble column a second-order moment cold bubble-liquid two-phase turbulent model was developed to disclose the bubble dispersion characteristics. Under the reduced gravity condition, volume fraction caused by the decrease of buoyance force is larger than normal gravity level due to bigger bubble solid volume. In addition, bubble frequency is also decreased by in decrease of buoyance force. Normal and shear stresses have strongly anisotropic characteristics at every directions and have larger values under normal gravity than reduced gravity. The liquid turbulent kinetic energy has the two-peak bimodal distribution and weaker than bubble turbulent kinetic energy with one peak unimodal, which is caused by vigorous wake fluctuations. The correlation of fluctuation velocities between bubble and liquid has clearly anisotropic behaviors Under reduced gravity, the bubble motion has a little impact on liquid turbulent flow caused by slight buoyancy force, however, it will greatly reduce the liquid turbulent intensity due to energy cascade transport, which was transformed into bubbles or dissipated by interface friction. Bubble formation and detachment mechanisms affected by gravity conditions lead to the different levels of bubble dispersion distributions.     

A numerical study of periodic slug flow at zero gravity and normal gravity

This paper reports numerical simulations of slug flow at zero and normal gravity. The particular experimental results chosen for validation were obtained at microgravity under conditions which resulted in evenly-spaced and evenly-sized Taylor bubbles facilitating a simulation with periodic boundary conditions. The numerical technique was a free-surface method which explicitly tracked the motion of the gas-liquid interface using a volume-of-fluid specification and a finite volume discretisation of the solution domain. The large scale features of the bubble such as the classic bullet-shaped nose were well predicted by the model. Unsteady features of the bubble shape such as waves in the film and fluctuations of the bottom surface were also predicted but are harder to compare quantitatively to the experiments. The velocity field predictions reveal several interesting features of the flow. When viewed by an observer moving with the bubbles, the liquid slug is dominated by a large recirculating region with the flow travelling from the leading to the trailing bubble along the tube centreline. In this frame of reference, the near-wall region features a jet of fluid issuing from the film of the leading bubble which entrains fluid in the slug. As the film of the trailing bubble begins to form, the entrained fluid must be ejected since the flowrate in the film of each bubble must be the same. It appears to be this process that drives the main recirculation.