基于吉位以太网的城域网构建方案

从基于吉位以太网的城域网设计原则、可行性分析、结构设计及系统应用等几个方面，详细介绍了基于吉位以太网的城域网构建方案。     

基于吉位以太网的城域网构建方案

从基于吉位以太网的城域网设计原则、可行性分析、结构设计及系统应用等几个方面 ,详细介绍了基于吉位以太网的城域网构建方案     

基于吉位以太网的城域网构建方案

从基于吉位以太网的城域网设计原则、可行性分析、结构设计及系统应用等几个方面,详细介绍了基于吉位以太网的城域网构建方案.     

利用千兆以太网技术建设有线电视宽带城域网

从利用千兆以太网构建宽带城域网的可行性分析，千兆以太网在有线电视宽带城域网中的具体应用，千兆以太网技术与Cable Modem技术的比较等方面，详细地介绍了如何利用千兆以太网技术建设有线电视宽带城域网。     

如何搭建运营级城域以太网

光纤以太网技术的出现及RPR技术的逐渐成熟，推动了以太网技术进入城域网领域。城域以太网大大节约了网络建设成本，逐渐成为下一代IP城域网建设的优秀解决方案之一。     

城域以太网挑战SDH

文章分析了城域网的需求以及SDH在城域网中所面临的问题,研究了城域网为什么要采用以太网技术,介绍了影响以太网运营的关键技术的进展,以城域以太网市场应用实例说明城域以太网将对SDH挑战,最后给出了SDH与以太网共存情况下的城域网演进策略与方案.     

城域电信级以太网的新发展

分析了城域网的主要问题以及对下一代城域网的基本要求．阐述了城域电信级以太网的主要特征及几种新型城域电信级以太网的发展。     

电信级 以太网的崛起

本文首先分析了当前城域网的主要问题以及对下一代城域网的基本要求。接下来，重点总结了城域电信级以太网的主要特征和几种新型城域电信级以太网的发展。     

万兆以太网及其应用

本文从万兆以太网(10G以太网)标准,万兆以太网在局域网方面的应用,RPR和MPLS共同协作创造城域网的未来以及万兆以太网走向广域等方面,简要介绍了万兆以太网技术。     

10千兆以太网标准化的进展

文章简单回顾了以太网的发展历史,介绍了10千兆以太网带来的好处及其标准化过程,并在讨论了10千兆以太网的主要特点后,得出以下结论10干兆以太网将以太网的已被证明的价值和经济性扩展到了城域网和厂域网.     

Multimode equivalent network representation for the scattering frommultistrip gratings

A multimode equivalent network representation (MEN) is proposed for the scattering from a multistrip grating. Previously, rigorous analytical results were developed involving gratings with one or two strips in a period. In the present paper, the MEN representation is extended to planar gratings with an arbitrary number of strips or apertures per unit cell. Both TE and TM incidence are described. The extension is obtained combining the MEN formulation with the method of moments solution (MoM) of the relevant integral equation. The code thus obtained retains the key feature of the MEN representation, namely the frequency independence of the characterization, and is much more flexible than the analytical solutions previously derived. The MoM solution procedure is described in detail and several application examples are discussed     

城域以太网分层网络模型及若干问题的思考

介绍了城域以太网的网络参考模型和分层网络模型。总结了城域以太网的关键元件，提出对分层网络模型的优缺点、城域以太网的体系结构与下一代网络以及传送网承载的以太网（EOT）的关系等相关问题的思考。     

城域以太网面向连接业务的发展及挑战

本文介绍了城域以太网面向连接业务的发展背景和标准化进程，分析了多种现有城域以太网面向连接技术，包括PWE3、VPLS和PBB—TE，并介绍了热点技术PBB—TE的发展现状及其面临的挑战。     

智能光网在城域网中的应用

随着国家骨干网的建成,下一代网络的发展,以及第三代无线网络的商用开始,城域网越来越大,越来越重要.而城域网的规模与复杂度的发展,及智能光网技术的成熟使得智能光网在城域网的建设中发挥着越来越多的作用.     

城域以太网中的电路仿真业务及其应用

文章概述了基于城域以太网（MEN）的时分复用（TDM）电路仿真业务（CES）的概念，简要介绍了基于MEN的CES的主要业务类型，并着重分析了其中的TDM线路业务的主要结构及其运作方式，描述了电路仿真业务的主要接口类型与功能元件，最后对其进行了应用方案与应用前景的简要分析。     

Role of mitochondria in the switch mechanism of the cell death mode from apoptosis to necrosis--studies on rho0 cells

Detailed mechanisms of the switch of the cell death mode from apoptosis to necrosis remain to be solved, although the intracellular level of ATP and that of free radicals have been postulated to be the major factors involved in the mechanisms. In the present study menadione (MEN)-induced cell injury processes were studied using rho0 cells derived from human osteosarcoma 143B cells and parental rho+ cells co-treated with inhibitors of electron transfer chain of mitochondria or oligomycin, an inhibitor of ATP synthesis. Treatment of rho+ cells with 100 microM MEN induced apoptosis, which reached the maximum at 6 h, and was followed by an abrupt decrease thereafter, while necrotic cells (NC) increased continuously when they were judged by Annexin V and PI double staining. On the other hand, MEN induced apoptotic and necrotic changes much faster in rho0 cells compared to rho+ cells. The frequency to find apoptotic cells (AP) in the former cells was distinctly smaller than that to find NC judged by Annexin V and PI double staining. Electron microscopically, a major population of rho0 cells treated with MEN for 6 h consisted of intermediate cells, and a small number of AP co-existed. At 9 h of the treatment intermediate cells were exclusively seen, and AP were hardly detected. When parental rho+ cells were treated with MEN in the presence of oligomycin or oligomycin plus antimycin A both apoptotic and necrotic changes of the cells were distinctly accelerated. The intracellular level of superoxide in rho0 cells continuously increased after the MEN treatment, whereas that of ATP remained distinctly low before and after the MEN treatment compared to that in rho+ cells. These data suggest that the intracellular level of superoxide may be a key factor controlling the switch from apoptosis to necrosis.     

MEN中以太网业务的保护机制与运用

文章从对传统数据网络的保护机制和传送网的线路保护机制的分析入手,系统地描述了城域以太网(MEN)中以太网业务的保护机制,特别是对其保护参考模型和4类基本的保护机制进行了较详细的描述,并通过MEN保护机制的典型运用方案,结合分层网络的层间互操作关系,对层间的保护关系进行了综合分析.     

Phased arrays of rectangular apertures on conformal cylindrical surfaces: a multimode equivalent network approach

In this paper, we present an efficient integral equation formulation based on a multimode equivalent network (MEN) approach for the analysis of phased arrays on cylindrical surfaces using open-ended waveguide radiators. In addition to theory, experimental data are also presented showing very good agreement with simulated results.     

城域以太网论坛的技术规范与关键技术

本文对城域以太网论坛的主要工作按区域分类进行了分析,并对其在制定MEN的技术规范方面的最新成果和关键技术内容进行了概要性的分析、总结.     

A relation of inclusion for implicit linear systems

In [2] a relation of covering for implicit systems has been introduced and studied. It has been shown that this notion is useful when studying the problems of minimal left inverse and minimal observer design. In the present paper we study a slightly more general notion: a relation of inclusion for implicit systems that enjoy the outputuniqueness property. We are chiefly interested in systems of a minimal size including a given system. A particular application we have in mind is a minimal order observer or a minimal left inverse construction. We show that study of including systems may allow us in some cases to reduce the size of an observer or an inverse beyond the one given by minimization under external equivalence. A similar approach has been applied in [2] to minimal covering systems. However, including systems have an important advantage over the covering ones: since they constitute a broader class, they offer us more freedom in picking a minimal one of a desired sort.This research was supported by NSF Grant ECS-8805932 and Grant MEN nr 225 of the Polish Ministry of National Education.