准β锻造工艺对TC21钛合金大型锻件组织及性能的影响

以TC21钛合金特大规格棒材及其制备的大型锻件为研究对象,采用准β锻造工艺锻造TC21钛合金,分析了3种不同锻造方案对锻件微观组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:TC21钛合金可在相变点以上一定温度采用准β锻造工艺加工,在不同的加热工艺参数下,通过双重退火进行热处理,均可获得较好的冶金组织和力学性能。TC21钛合金在准β锻造过程中,不同的锻造温度和锻造火次均能获得较好的拉伸性能(1100 MPa左右)和断裂韧性(大于90 MPa·m~(1/2))。在准β锻造过程中,较高的锻造温度有利于获得网篮组织,合金的断裂韧性较高,组织内片层α相存在粗化趋势;较低的准β锻造温度有利于细化微观组织,但锻造后组织中会有少量残余等轴α相存在。在锻造变形量相同的情况下,较少锻造火次可以获得更加细小的微观组织,但锻件不同部位的微观组织形态存在差异。     

锻造温度对TC31钛合金组织及性能的影响

针对TC31钛合金高筋薄腹板锻件,在α+β相区进行不同温度下的锻造试验,获得了不同锻造温度下的TC31钛合金强度和显微组织形貌,结果表明:TC31钛合金在T_β-50℃到T_β-20℃温度区加热锻造得到的显微组织均为α+β双态组织,拉伸性能满足技术条件要求,其中在T_β-35℃拉伸性能最优。     

新型TC21钛合金热处理工艺参数与显微组织演变的关系研究

TC21钛合金是新型的高强韧损伤容限型钛合金，其模锻件为网篮组织，锻后热处理工艺采用双重退火工艺。本研究采用金相法、SEM等方法系统研究了TC21钛合金模锻件的锻后热处理工艺和显微组织演变规律。试验分析了TC21钛合金模锻件锻后第1次退火加热温度、第2次退火加热温度和保温时间等工艺参数条件下的初生α相数量、形状以及网篮组织形貌特征的变化规律，为TC21钛合金模锻件获得高强、高韧和损伤容限优良综合性能奠定基础。     

损伤容限型钛合金的等温锻造温度研究

研究了TC21钛合金在5.5×10-4s-1恒应变速率、40%变形程度条件下,等温锻造温度变化对锻件组织和性能的影响。结果表明:TC21钛合金显微组织对温度变化敏感,在两相区锻造时,显微组织由初生α相和β转变组织组成,并且随着变形温度的提高,初生等轴α相的含量逐渐减少,晶粒尺寸增大;在相变点温度锻造时得到网篮组织;在相变点以上温度锻造时得到片状组织。室温拉伸强度和断裂韧性随锻造温度的升高呈现增加趋势,室温拉伸塑性明显降低。在965℃等温锻造时,显微组织为较细的片状组织,强度、塑性和断裂韧性达到较佳匹配,获得较好的综合力学性能。965℃为较佳等温锻造温度。     

镦粗变形工艺对TC18组织和性能的影响

研究了不同镦粗变形工艺对TC18钛合金棒材的显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,TC18钛合金棒材首先在β单相区加热并施加大变形量锻造,而后在(α+β)两相区加热并以适当变形量锻造,可获得强度、塑性和韧性等综合性能的良好匹配。     

β退火的低温退火温度对TC32合金组织和性能的影响

<正>TC32钛合金是中国航发航材院自主研发的中高强高韧α+β型钛合金,其名义成分为Ti-5Al-3Mo-3Cr-1Zr-0.1S。根据不同的热加工工艺,TC32钛合金可获得不同的组织和性能：采用两相区锻造+双重退火热处理,锻件可获得α+β组织,其综合性能与同组织状态的TA15相当,具有较高的强韧性和强塑性匹配;采用准β锻造+双重退火热处理,锻件可获得网篮组织,     

热力参数对Ti-17合金等温锻件显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了富β相的α+β钛合金Ti-17,毛坯的原始状态(如组织形态、晶粒大小、均匀性)、热加工工艺路线、热处理制度及工艺参数对等温模锻件最终显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,Ti-17合金等温锻造之前的自由锻预制毛坯对锻件的显微组织、力学性能有明显影响,直接采用晶粒较大的原始棒材在β相区等温锻造,锻件高倍组织中的α相呈鱼骨状,各项力学性能均较差;经自由锻预制坯的等温锻件显微组织细小而均匀,在两相区锻造时,获得细小均匀的等轴α组织;在β相区锻造时,获得细小均匀的网篮状α组织,各项力学性能满足要求.     

TC11钛合金材料β锻造工艺研究

TC11钛合金是航空产品中常用的轻金属材料,现阶段TC11钛合金锻件的使用温度大多在500℃环境下,使用d＋β锻造方法可以很好地保证锻件所要求的性能,但当部分TC11钛合金锻件使用温度在500℃以上要求高温性能时,α＋β锻造方法的局限性将难以保证锻件力学性能满足要求[1].本文通过β锻造试验对TC11锻件质量的影响进行分析,为今后在提高钛合金锻件质量,确定锻造工艺方案提供参考.     

锻造工艺参数对TC4钛合金锻件室温拉伸性能的影响

锻造时的制坯温度、制坯变形程度、模锻温度和退火温度对TC4钛合金模锻件室温和高温机械性能的影响及工艺参数优化,详见文献。但为了弄清锻造加热温度下     

冷速对等温锻造TC25钛合金盘件显微组织和性能的影响

研究了TC25钛合金盘件在β相区等温锻造后，不同的冷却速率对显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，锻后空冷得到粗大的片状组织，并有大块的α相出现；锻后水冷可以获得细小、相互交织的网篮组织，末出现明显的块状α相。与空冷相比，β锻造后水冷的盘件室温强度、热暴露后的室温强度以及500℃和550℃的高温强度均有明显提高，塑性基本保持不变或有所提高。可见，TC25钛合金卢锻造后水冷是改善强度和塑性的有效方法。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.