Na+,Mg2+//SO42-,B4O72--H2O 交互四元体系288K时相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了288K时Na~+,Mg~(2+)//SO_4~(2-),B_4O_7~(2-)-H_2O四元交互体系的相平衡关系,测定该体系在288 K时平衡液相的溶解度和密度.依据实验测定的平衡溶解度数据及对应的平衡固相,绘制了该四元体系的平衡相图以及其密度-组成图.研究结果表明:交互四元体系Na~+,Mg~(2+)//SO_4~(2-),B_4O_7~(2-)-H_2O 288 K时的相平衡实验中,有复盐Na2SO_4·MgSO_4·4H_2O生成,平衡相图中有3个共饱点,7条单变量曲线,5个结晶区,对应的平衡固相分别为Na2B4O7·10H_2O,MgB4O7·9H_2O,Na2SO_4·10H_2O,MgSO_4·7H_2O和Na2SO_4·MgSO_4·4H_2O.     

A thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in NaClO_4-H_2O and NaF-H_2O binary solutions and NaClO_4-NaF-H_2O ternary solution

A thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in NaClO4-H2O and NaF-H2O binary solutions and NaClO4-NaF-H2O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions was developed based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT). A transformation coefficient was needed to compare the calculated mass action concentration and the reported activity, because they were usually obtained at different standard states and concentration units. The results show that tran...     

Crystallization Mechanism of Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-F Glass Containing Cr2O3

The effect of Cr2O3 on the nucleation and crystallization of Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-F- glass has been investigated by means of ESR(Electron Spin Resonance), SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope), EDS(Energy Dispersive Specrometer) and so on. Computer pattern recognition is applied to optimize the heat-treatment schedules. The experimental results show that the base glass containing more than 1 .5 % (mass fraction) Cr2O3 can be nucleated internally and converted to spheroidal crystal glass materials. The spheroidal crystal consisted of fibrous wollastonite crystals radiating from a center. The residual glass phase filled in the interstices between the fibers and between the spherulites. During heat treatment process, the valence states ofchromium changed from Cr6- to Cr3-, and the Cr-spinel solidsolution [CaCr2O4] precipitated followed this valence change. At the primary stage of crystallization, the Cr-spinel could act as a nucleating center on which the principal or}stalline phase β-CaSiO3 grew epitaxially.     

Synthesis and characterization of ultra-fine Cr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> from hydrogen reduction of K<Subscript>2</Subscript>CrO<Subscript>4</Subscript>

As a part of the green process for manufacturing chromium compounds, two steps are involved in the synthesis of ultra-fine Cr2O3 powders： the first is the hydrogen reduction of K2CrO4 into intermediate trivalent （Cr^3＋） or tetravalent （Cr^4＋） chromium compounds; the second is the decomposing of the intermediate into Cr2O3 by heat treating. The intermediate is well characterized by means of SEM, XRD, and XPS. The possible reaction mechanism of the process is analyzed.     

电动势法对298.15K下NaBr- Na2B4O7- H2O体系中NaBr平均活度系数的测定

采用电动势法测定了在298.15K下NaBr-Na2B4O7-H2O体系中NaBr平均活度系数,混合溶液的离子强度为0.01～0.50 mol/kg,分析了混合溶液中NaBr平均活度系数与Na2B4O7离子强度分数的关系。研究结果表明,测定的NaBr平均活度系数是可靠的,并在一定浓度下该NaBr平均活度系数随Na2B4O7离子强度分数的增大而增大。应用测定的NaBr平均活度系数拟合了Pitzer方程混合离子作用参数。     

不锈钢厂电弧炉粉尘中含铬相的形成

采用SEM-EDS和XPS对粉尘的微观结构和表面元素分布分别进行了检测,然后用FACTSage 5.2软件通过热力学平衡计算研究了Cr-Fe-Zn-Mn-Mg-Al-Ca-Ni-O-Cl体系在尾气管中的演变行为,以及温度、氧气含量和粉尘中碱金属元素等对Cr-O2系统的影响.结果表明,计算结果和实验结果基本吻合.在Cr-O2体系中,Cr元素主要以Cr2O3形式稳定存在.在高温区均有少量的CrO3或CrO2生成,并且随着温度的升高,含量不断增加.在尾气系统中,氧势越高或者含氧量越多,越容易在高温区生成CrO3.在氧化性气氛中,碱金属的存在易于与Cr结合形成含Cr（Ⅵ）物相,如K2CrO4和Na2CrO4.     

K(H_2O)_6Al(H_2O)_6(SO_4)_2和K(C_4H_5O_6)(C_4H_5O_6=D,L-酒石酸)的结构:钾离子和氧原子之间成键研究(英文)

利用水合硫酸铝在氢氧化钾存在的条件下在水中发生共晶作用得到无色块状的配合物K(H2O)6Al(H2O)6(SO4)2晶体,其中钾离子(K+)形成KO6八面体的配位几何构型。将D,L-酒石酸和相同当量的KOH反应生成配合物K(C4H5O6)(C4H5O6=D,L-酒石酸),其中K+以KO8多面体的形式被8个氧原子围绕形成一个扭曲的立方体形式。     

共沉淀法制备纳米Al_2O_3/TiO_2复合粉体

以 Ti Cl4 和 Al Cl3为原料 ,采用沉淀法制备了纳米 Al2 O3/Ti O2 复合粉体。对制备过程中沉淀剂的选择、反应物浓度、反应温度、滴加速度与搅拌速度、脱水方式、热处理温度与时间、煅烧温度等影响因素进行了研究。结果表明 ,用氨水作为沉淀剂比用 Na OH、Na2 CO3效果好 ;反应物滴加方式采用碱液往 Ti Cl4 与 Al Cl3的混合溶液中滴加 ;反应在室温下进行 ;滴加速度与搅拌速度分别为 9m L· min- 1、30 0 r· min- 1时 ,可以取得较好的效果。     

Promotion effect of KOH on preparation of dissolved Fe(Ⅵ)

In order to improve the yield and stability of ferrate in solution, dissolved Fe(Ⅵ) prepared with NaOH and KOH respectively was compared in this study. The results showed that KOH is more suitable than NaOH for the preparation of dissolved Fe(Ⅵ) at temperature over 50 ℃. It is found that the dissolved Fe(Ⅵ) prepared with KOH increases quickly at first, and then slowly with the increasing concentrations of OH-and ClO-, while it increases rapidly at first and then decreases rapidly with the increasing dosage of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O. These results are different from that prepared with NaOH. It can be explained that solid K2FeO4 salts can be formed in KOH solution, and it will lower the Fe(Ⅵ) concentration, counteract the decomposition of Fe(Ⅵ), and improve the yield of Fe(Ⅵ). The maximum ferrate concentration is 0.163 mol/L obtained by 100 g/L Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and 6.16 mol/L KOH at 65 ℃. The stability of Fe(VI) is greatly improved due to the hypochlorite existed in the dissolved ferrate, and only 24% Fe(Ⅵ) has been decomposed after 16 d for 1 mmol/L Fe(Ⅵ) at 25 ℃.     

Promotion effect of KOH on preparation of dissolved Fe (VI)

In order to improve the yield and stability of ferrate in solution, dissolved Fe (VI) prepared with NaOH and KOH respectively was compared in this study. The results showed that KOH is more suitable than NaOH for the preparation of dissolved Fe(VI) at temperature over 50 ℃. It is found that the dissolved Fe(VI)prepared with KOH increases quickly at first, and then slowly with the increasing concentrations of OH- and ClO~- , while it increases rapidly at first and then decreases rapidly with the increasing dosage of Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O. These results are different from that prepared with NaOH. It can be explained that solid K_2 FeO_4 salts can be formed in KOH solution, and it will lower the Fe (VI) concentration, counteract the decomposition of Fe(VI), and improve the yield of Fe(VI). The maximum ferrate concentration is 0. 163 mol/L obtained by 100 g/L Fe(NO_3)_3· 9H_2O and 6. 16 moL/L KOH at 65℃. The stability of Fe(VI) is greatly improved due to the hypochlorite existed in the dissolved ferrate, and only 24% Fe(VI) has been decomposed after 16 d for 1 mmol/L Fe(VI) at 25 ℃.     

V_2O_5-沸石-活性炭-凹土脱硝催化剂的研制及脱硝性能

稻壳炭化后添加碱液和铝源分别合成了A型、A+X型和X型沸石-活性炭复合材料,加入凹凸棒石黏土成型,采用浸渍法负载V2O5制备V2O5-沸石-活性炭-凹土复合脱硝催化剂。采用XRD、SEM、N2吸附和EDX对样品进行表征,考察载体类型、V2O5含量和反应温度对催化剂低温脱硝活性的影响。结果表明,二元载体和V2O5协同催化脱硝,其脱硝率高于纯凹土制备的脱硝催化剂。催化剂脱硝活性随V2O5含量的增加而降低。反应温度越高,催化剂脱硝活性越高,最佳的反应温度为250℃,温度大于280℃后活性炭被氧化。     

Na2C2O4对硬石膏水化硬化的影响及作用机理

研究了草酸钠对硬石膏水化进程、硬化体显微结构与强度、液相离子浓度与二水石膏析晶过饱和度的影响,从二水石膏晶体成核与生长的角度探讨了草酸钠的作用机理.草酸钠使硬石膏水化率提高,水化热集中,水化潜伏期缩短,水化进程加快;草酸钠使二水石膏晶体细化,硬化体结构致密,强度提高,是硬石膏水化活性的高效激发剂.草酸钠作用机理归纳为：草酸钠与硬石膏反应形成草酸钙沉淀与可溶硫酸盐,使液相SO2-4浓度大幅提高;提高二水石膏析晶过饱和度,使二水石膏临界晶核半径减小,晶体成核与生长速率加快;草酸钠促进硬石膏溶解.     

两种芬顿及UV/草酸铁/H2O2法去除间甲酚的研究

研究了UV／草酸铁／H2O2，UV／芬顿和暗芬顿系统中K2C2O4，H2O2，FeSO4浓度，pH值，反应温度，反应时间以及光照条件对间甲酚去除的影响，得出VU／草酸铁／H2O2系统比其他两种系统对间甲酚具有更高的去除率，且使去除反应进行pH范围更宽，并可缩短反应时间。同时证明，自然光照条件下UV／草酸铁／H2O2和UV／芬顿工艺对间甲酚仍有较高的去除率。     

25℃ K2SO4-(NH4)2SO4-H2O体系溶解度计算

依据Pitzer电解质溶液理论对含有固溶体结晶区的K2SO4－（NH4）2SO4－H2O水盐体系溶解度进行了计算，计算值与实验确定值相吻合，并针对该体系相图固溶体结晶区不易实验确定的问题，提出了计算确定的方法。     

红麻硫酸盐浆H_2O_2漂白及纸基地膜白度的研究

对用于抄造纸基地膜的红麻全秆硫酸盐浆的H2O2漂白工艺进行了探讨。实验结果表明,单段过氧化氢对红麻原浆漂白的最佳工艺条件为:H2O23%,碱比1,时间1 h,温度70℃,DTPA 0.25%,MgSO40.05%,Na2SiO33%,浆浓10%。在该漂白条件下漂白所得的浆料,卡伯值从原浆的23.05降低到6.6,黏度由1 605 mL/g降低到1 331.33 mL/g,白度从原浆的20.2%ISO提高到56.3%ISO。经过实验进一步分析,纸基地膜的最佳白度为55%ISO~60%ISO。红麻全杆硫酸盐浆单段过氧化氢漂白后所达到的白度(56.3%ISO)完全满足抄造红麻纸基地膜的白度要求。     

铌酸锶铋粉体的水热法制备及表征

以SrCl2·6H2O、Bi（NO2）。·5H2O和Nb2O5为原料,以NaOH为矿化剂,采用水热法在较低温度和较短时间内合成出纯相的SrBi。Nb2O9陶瓷粉体,比传统固相法的合成温度降低了1000℃左右;同时,通过x射线衍射仪（X-raydiffraction,XRD）、扫描式电子显微镜（scanningelectronmicroscope,SEM）等分析手段对粉体的物相、微观形貌进行研究,并分析反应温度、时间和矿化剂浓度对粉体制备结果的影响。结果表明,纯相的SrBizNb2O9粉体合成的最佳工艺条件为240℃,4h,2mol／L,其显微结构较为均匀,平均粒径为1μm,该研究工艺简单,周期较短。     

草酸铁芬顿、UV/芬顿、暗芬顿降解对硝基酚的效果研究

研究了草酸铁芬顿、ＵＶ／芬顿和暗芬顿工艺中草酸钾,Ｈ２Ｏ２,ＦeSO4浓度,pH值,反应时间和反应温度对降解对硝基酚的影响,得出引入Ｋ２Ｃ２Ｏ４并不能提高对硝基酸酚的降解率,但可以使降解反 在一较宽的pH范围内进行,且缩短了反应时间,ＶＵ／芬顿同暗芬顿对硝基酚具有相同的降解效果,三种工艺降解对硝基酚的最佳条件分别是,草酸铁芬顿：Ｋ２Ｃ２Ｏ４：Ｈ２Ｏ２：ＦeSO4=1:10:1[（化学计量数（旧称摩尔比）],pH=2-6,t=30min,UV/芬顿及暗芬顿,H2O2:FeSO4=10:0.1（化学计量数）,pH=3-4,t=40min,反应温度对降解反应无影响。     

Na_2O对微晶玻璃装饰板烧结和析晶的影响

研究了Na_2O含量对CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2系统微晶玻璃装饰板析晶温度、析晶相,烧结收缩及表面气泡的影响。确定了合适的Na_2O含量及烧结温度范围。     

Ti6Al4V合金表面纳米管阵列的制备

以氢氟酸和铬酸为电解液,采用阳极氧化法在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备高密度的纳米管阵列.利用场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和X射线光电子能谱对多孔氧化膜的形貌和结构进行分析,利用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究了电解液中CrO3的作用机理.结果表明:电解液种类决定能否形成多孔氧化膜,而电解液的浓度影响多孔氧化膜的形貌和孔径大小;纳米管阵列氧化膜主要由大部分非晶态组织的TiO2,Al2O3和少部分晶态的Al2TiO5,Al3Ti5O2,Al2O3组成,氧化膜内的Al,Ti原子比高于基体中的Al,Ti原子比;CrO3浓度的高低会影响氧化膜的结构.     

CN-Fe-H_2O系与S-Fe-H_2O系电位-pH平衡图

较详尽地介绍了CN-Fe-H_2O与S-Fe-H_2O两个三组元电位-pH平衡图的制作方法,并讨论了这些平衡图所提供的热力学信息。可供用以解决相应体系中的实际问题。