飞行人员甲状腺疾病的特点、诊治及医学鉴定

Objective To summarize the experiences of diagnosis,treatment and medical evaluation of thyroid disease in flying personnel. Methods Sixty-seven cases of thyroid diseases,that were hospitalized from December 2000 to December 2009,were collected and analyzed.They were concluded such categories as:①asymptomatic benign thyroid nodules;②Hashimoto's disease;③diseases of abnormal thyroid functions (including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism);and ④thyroid cancer.Their characteristics and the relationship between different categories were analyzed correspondingly to the evaluations for flying. Results ①Among 36 cases of diagnosed asymptomatic benign thyroid nodules (53.73%),4 (3 were adenoma and 1 was nodular goiter) were surgically treated.31 Cases were evaluated as qualified for flying but should be with regular medical check-up while the other 5 were permanently grounded.②There were 5 cases of Hashimoto's disease with normal thyroid functions (7.46%).They were qualified for flying but should be with regular medical check-up.③Thyroid dysfunction took 20 cases (29.85%),among which 18 were hyperthyroidism and 2 were hypothyroidism.Drug treatment was applied.Six cases were finally qualified for flying while the other 3 and 11 were respectively assessed as temporary and permanent grounding.④Six cases were thyroid cancer (8.96%),included 4 papillary carcinoma cases and 2 follicular thyroid carcinoma cases.Only 1 case was finally qualified for flying while the others were permanently grounded.Statistical analysis showed that thyroid dysfunction diseases and thyroid cancer caused significant higher disqualification rate than benign thyroid nodules and Hashimoto's diseases (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusions Benign thyroid nodules are the common thyroid diseases in flying personnel.But the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction diseases and thyroid malignant tumors should be cared in order to win the chance of treatment and further to reduce the rate of flying disqualification.     

神经生长因子基因转染联合强化铁营养防治豚鼠爆震性聋的实验研究

Objective To study the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated human beta-nerve growth factor gene (hNGFβ) transfer combined with iron fortified nutrition on blast hearing damage in guinea pigs. Methods Deafness was induced by blast (172dB SPL) in 35 healthy guinea pigs. Seven days after noise exposure, 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with adenovirus-mediated hNGFβ (Ad-hNGFβ) into the perilymphatic space (the gene group), another 10 guinea pigs were given hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet (the combination group), still another 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with artificial perilymphatic fluid (APF), and 5 guinea pigs served as control, given neither medicine nor noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts were monitored in the guinea pigs before blast exposure and after gene transfer. Changes in cochlear morphology were examined with immunohistochemical and HE staining. Results One week after successful inoculation of hNGFβ, it was noted that Ad-hNGFβ protein was expressed in each turn of the cochlea, and its intensity was almost equal. After gene transfer in the combination group and the gene group, ABR threshold shifts at week 1 and 4 were significantly smaller than those of the APF group. HE staining showed that the number of the spiral ganglion cells in the combination group and the Ad-hNGFβ group was significantly higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Conclusions Ad-hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet was effective in the prevention and treatment of blast hearing damage of cochlear hair cells.     

神经生长因子基因转染联合强化铁营养防治豚鼠爆震性聋的实验研究

Objective To study the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated human beta-nerve growth factor gene (hNGFβ) transfer combined with iron fortified nutrition on blast hearing damage in guinea pigs. Methods Deafness was induced by blast (172dB SPL) in 35 healthy guinea pigs. Seven days after noise exposure, 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with adenovirus-mediated hNGFβ (Ad-hNGFβ) into the perilymphatic space (the gene group), another 10 guinea pigs were given hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet (the combination group), still another 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with artificial perilymphatic fluid (APF), and 5 guinea pigs served as control, given neither medicine nor noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts were monitored in the guinea pigs before blast exposure and after gene transfer. Changes in cochlear morphology were examined with immunohistochemical and HE staining. Results One week after successful inoculation of hNGFβ, it was noted that Ad-hNGFβ protein was expressed in each turn of the cochlea, and its intensity was almost equal. After gene transfer in the combination group and the gene group, ABR threshold shifts at week 1 and 4 were significantly smaller than those of the APF group. HE staining showed that the number of the spiral ganglion cells in the combination group and the Ad-hNGFβ group was significantly higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Conclusions Ad-hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet was effective in the prevention and treatment of blast hearing damage of cochlear hair cells.     

神经生长因子基因转染联合强化铁营养防治豚鼠爆震性聋的实验研究

Objective To study the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated human beta-nerve growth factor gene (hNGFβ) transfer combined with iron fortified nutrition on blast hearing damage in guinea pigs. Methods Deafness was induced by blast (172dB SPL) in 35 healthy guinea pigs. Seven days after noise exposure, 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with adenovirus-mediated hNGFβ (Ad-hNGFβ) into the perilymphatic space (the gene group), another 10 guinea pigs were given hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet (the combination group), still another 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with artificial perilymphatic fluid (APF), and 5 guinea pigs served as control, given neither medicine nor noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts were monitored in the guinea pigs before blast exposure and after gene transfer. Changes in cochlear morphology were examined with immunohistochemical and HE staining. Results One week after successful inoculation of hNGFβ, it was noted that Ad-hNGFβ protein was expressed in each turn of the cochlea, and its intensity was almost equal. After gene transfer in the combination group and the gene group, ABR threshold shifts at week 1 and 4 were significantly smaller than those of the APF group. HE staining showed that the number of the spiral ganglion cells in the combination group and the Ad-hNGFβ group was significantly higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Conclusions Ad-hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet was effective in the prevention and treatment of blast hearing damage of cochlear hair cells.     

神经生长因子基因转染联合强化铁营养防治豚鼠爆震性聋的实验研究

Objective To study the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated human beta-nerve growth factor gene (hNGFβ) transfer combined with iron fortified nutrition on blast hearing damage in guinea pigs. Methods Deafness was induced by blast (172dB SPL) in 35 healthy guinea pigs. Seven days after noise exposure, 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with adenovirus-mediated hNGFβ (Ad-hNGFβ) into the perilymphatic space (the gene group), another 10 guinea pigs were given hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet (the combination group), still another 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with artificial perilymphatic fluid (APF), and 5 guinea pigs served as control, given neither medicine nor noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts were monitored in the guinea pigs before blast exposure and after gene transfer. Changes in cochlear morphology were examined with immunohistochemical and HE staining. Results One week after successful inoculation of hNGFβ, it was noted that Ad-hNGFβ protein was expressed in each turn of the cochlea, and its intensity was almost equal. After gene transfer in the combination group and the gene group, ABR threshold shifts at week 1 and 4 were significantly smaller than those of the APF group. HE staining showed that the number of the spiral ganglion cells in the combination group and the Ad-hNGFβ group was significantly higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Conclusions Ad-hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet was effective in the prevention and treatment of blast hearing damage of cochlear hair cells.     

飞行人员恶性肿瘤术后安全放飞指征的临床研究

目的 研究和探讨我国飞行人员恶性肿瘤手术后放飞的安全标准. 方法 回顾分析38年间,经病理检查确诊为恶性肿瘤并进行外科手术的飞行人员病例资料,全组25例飞行人员恶性肿瘤术后放飞13例. 结果 本组13例恶性肿瘤术后放飞的飞行人员中,甲状腺癌4例、结肠癌3例、膀胱癌2例,胃癌、胰腺囊腺瘤、乳腺癌和耻骨软骨肉瘤各1例.经手术治疗及术后辅助治疗,13例病人机体状况恢复良好,鉴定结论 :飞行合格.术后随访3～38年,飞行时间30～2000 h,飞行状态良好. 结论 部分患恶性肿瘤的飞行人员,通过仔细认真的手术、正规的术后辅助治疗和护理、循序渐进的体能锻炼、定期严格的健康体检,可以达到飞行合格.作者提出了适合我国飞行人员恶性肿瘤术后恢复飞行的基本标准. Abstract： Objective To study and discuss the safety standard of flying qualification for the postoperative flying personnel with malignant tumor. Methods Related case history in past 38 years was retrospectively reviewed and sought 13 flying qualified cases out of 25 postoperative flying personnel with malignant tumor. Results Among 13 qualified cases there were 4 cases of thyroid carcinoma, 3 cases of colon carcinoma, 2 cases of bladder carcinoma and 4 cases respectively were gastric cancer, cystadenoma of pancreas, breast carcinoma and pubis osteochondrosarcoma. Those 13 cases were cured by operation and other adjuvant treatments and were diagnosed as well recovered. Since they were qualified for flying, the 3-38 years follow-up showed that they had fitted in flying for 30-2000 h. Conclusions Some flying personnel with malignant tumor would be qualified for flying by operation, proper adjuvant treatments and regular nursing, as well as the progressive physical exercise and under regular rigorous physical examination. The paper also puts forward a basic standard that suited for Chinese military flying personnel with malignant tumor.     

对招收飞行学员听力检查高频标准的商榷

目的：调节招飞听力检查的淘汰情况，探讨修改高频听力损失标准的可行性。方法：对山东、河南两省1998－2000年招飞体检听力检查各频率段的淘汰记录进行回顾分析。结果：5年听力检查共8209名，淘汰率12．6％；1031名淘汰者中因低频、语频和高频听力损失超标而淘汰的分别为89人（8．6％），297人（28．8％）和645人（62．6％）。高频听力损失215－240dB组淘汰186人，占总淘汰人数的18．0％。结论：建议将现行高频听力检查标准修改为在4000，6000和8000Hz频率上双耳听力损失总值小于或等于240dB，且4000Hz均不超过45dB者合格。     

飞行人员甲状腺疾病的特点、诊治及医学鉴定

目的 总结飞行人员甲状腺疾病的诊治和医学鉴定经验. 方法 收集我院2000年12月-2009年12月间住院飞行人员67例甲状腺疾病资料,将其归为:①无症状的良性甲状腺结节;②慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎;③甲状腺功能异常类疾病(包括甲状腺机能亢进症和甲状腺机能减退症);④甲状腺恶性肿瘤.分析4类疾病的特点及飞行结论 情况. 结果 ①良性甲状腺结节36例(占53.73%),4例手术治疗(腺瘤3例,结节性甲状腺肿1例),除5例因其他原因停飞外,其余31例均飞行合格,定期复查;②慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎5例(占7.46%),甲状腺功能正常,均飞行合格,定期复查;③甲状腺功能异常类疾病20例(占29.85%,甲状腺机能亢进18例,甲状腺机能减退2例),均行药物治疗,6例飞行合格,3例暂时飞行不合格,11例停飞;④甲状腺恶性肿瘤6例(占8.96%,4例为乳头状癌,2例为滤泡状癌),1例飞行合格,5例停飞.经统计学分析,甲状腺功能异常类疾病和甲状腺恶性肿瘤的停飞率均高于良性甲状腺结节和慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05). 结论 飞行人员甲状腺疾病以无症状的良性结节常见,要重视功能异常类疾病和恶性肿瘤的早期诊断和治疗. Abstract： Objective To summarize the experiences of diagnosis,treatment and medical evaluation of thyroid disease in flying personnel. Methods Sixty-seven cases of thyroid diseases,that were hospitalized from December 2000 to December 2009,were collected and analyzed.They were concluded such categories as:①asymptomatic benign thyroid nodules;②Hashimoto's disease;③diseases of abnormal thyroid functions (including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism);and ④thyroid cancer.Their characteristics and the relationship between different categories were analyzed correspondingly to the evaluations for flying. Results ①Among 36 cases of diagnosed asymptomatic benign thyroid nodules (53.73%),4 (3 were adenoma and 1 was nodular goiter) were surgically treated.31 Cases were evaluated as qualified for flying but should be with regular medical check-up while the other 5 were permanently grounded.②There were 5 cases of Hashimoto's disease with normal thyroid functions (7.46%).They were qualified for flying but should be with regular medical check-up.③Thyroid dysfunction took 20 cases (29.85%),among which 18 were hyperthyroidism and 2 were hypothyroidism.Drug treatment was applied.Six cases were finally qualified for flying while the other 3 and 11 were respectively assessed as temporary and permanent grounding.④Six cases were thyroid cancer (8.96%),included 4 papillary carcinoma cases and 2 follicular thyroid carcinoma cases.Only 1 case was finally qualified for flying while the others were permanently grounded.Statistical analysis showed that thyroid dysfunction diseases and thyroid cancer caused significant higher disqualification rate than benign thyroid nodules and Hashimoto's diseases (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusions Benign thyroid nodules are the common thyroid diseases in flying personnel.But the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction diseases and thyroid malignant tumors should be cared in order to win the chance of treatment and further to reduce the rate of flying disqualification.     

飞行人员空晕病的诊治和医学鉴定

Objective To summarize the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment methods,prevention and control measures,and medical evaluation principles for airsickness in flying personnel. Methods Forty-nine cases of flying personnel with airsickness,who were hospitalized from September of 1976 to July of 2009,were retrospectively analyzed in respect of disease course,etiology or incentive,clinical diagnosis and medical evaluation of airsickness.The relationship between vestibular function status and medical evaluation was also statistically analyzed. Results ① Three of 49 picked cases were diagnosed as primary airsickness while the rest 46 were the secondary that were induced by different causes or incentives.Etiological treatment and vestibular habituation were the primarily treatments for such airsickness.② Among these cases,22 were normal in vestibular nystagmus electroretinogram (VNG) comparing to 27 abnormal cases.③ Sixteen and 33 cases were evaluated as normal and deficient Coriolis acceleration tolerance respectively.④ Eleven flying personnel Were finally qualified while 10 and 28 were temporarily and permanently grounded respectively.Flying personnel with abnormal VNG or with deficient Coriolis acceleration tolerance showed higher grounding rate than those with the normal (χ2=5.584,16.722,P<0.05). Conclusions Airsickness in active service flying personnel is mostly the secondary affection,which is caused by various primary disease or incentives.Such prevention and control measures as treating primary disease.eliminating incentives and implementing vestibular habituation are suggested.The effect of airsickness treatment and vestibular function should be emphasized in making medical evaluation.     

飞行人员多系统萎缩二例并文献复习

目的 探讨2例飞行人员患罕见病多系统萎缩(multiple system atrophy,MSA)的临床特征、鉴别诊断、治疗、与飞行的关系及健康鉴定. 方法 分析2例飞行人员的临床资料及复习相关文献. 结果 2例起始表现均不典型,晚期1例表现较典型.因是罕见病,都有一定时期误诊.最终确诊主要根据临床表现,结合电生理及影像学检查.确诊后飞行结论 为飞行不合格. 结论 神经系统变性疾病起始表现隐袭,病程较长.飞行人员身体素质较好,发病后表现更加隐蔽.要求航空医生要更加仔细地观察临床表现及分析相关检查,尽早做出诊断,避免误诊.对此类神经系统变性疾病的飞行结论 要根据病情轻重、飞行机种及飞行任务综合评定. Abstract： Objective To investigate the clinical features by analyzing two flying personnel cases of multiple system atrophy (MSA) for the references to diagnosis, treatment, as well as the influence to flying and the criteria of individual aeromedical evaluation. Methods The clinical data of 2 cases of aircrew with MSA were analyzed and related literatures were reviewed. Results The clinical MSA features of both cases were not typical in their early stage but 1 case appeared typical features in late stage. These 2 cases were misdiagnosed in a certain time because of MSA's rare occurrence, but finally the definite diagnosis was made by judging clinical features, electrophysiology and imageology examinations. These 2 pilots were finally disqualified for flying. Conclusions The clinical features of degeneration diseases of neurologic system in early stage were obscure and had relative longer course of disease, especially for those physical fitness pilots. So it raised higher requirements to the aviation physician in early recognizing the features of MSA for preventing misdiagnosis. Aeromedical assessment of flying personnel with degeneration diseases of neurologic system should be synthetically evaluated according to clinical features, aircraft type and mission.     

直升机飞行人员的听力调查（摘要）

目的 分析直升机飞行人员的听力状况,以便做好直升机飞行人员的卫勤保障。方法应用MSA84-1型听力检测仪对飞行人员进行听力检测,并询问病史。结果全部152耳中听力正常占93．4％,轻度听力损失占5.3％,中度听力损失占1.3％,无重度听力损失者。听力损失3000Hz≥35dB有1耳,4000Hz≥35dB有6耳,6000Hz≥35dB有3耳。结论直升机飞行人员听力损失与噪声密切相关,应针对噪声做好预防工作。     

The absence of hearing loss in otologically asymptomatic recreational scuba divers.

We undertook a retrospective cohort study of 16 experienced recreational scuba divers and 16 matched non-diver controls to determine the prevalence of hearing loss and, if present, the likely causes of this loss. Each subject was required to be aged 55 years or less and to have no history or likelihood of hearing loss. An audiologist, blinded to each subject's group status, undertook all examinations. There were no significant differences in group demographics. All divers were highly experienced (median number of dives 725). Comparison of mean hearing thresholds (range 250-8000 Hz) revealed no significant differences between divers and non-divers for both air and bone conduction studies. The only exception was at 6000 Hz where the air conduction threshold was significantly higher in divers than in non-divers (p = 0.03). However, there were no significant differences in Pure Tone and High Frequency averages. We conclude that experienced recreational scuba divers do not have elevated hearing threshold levels overall when compared to non-diver controls. This conclusion differs from that of investigators who have examined the hearing of experienced professional divers. Further investigation is indicated to further investigate this discrepancy and to determine whether the apparent hearing loss among the divers at 6000Hz was an isolated departure from normal hearing thresholds or, in fact, the result of diving.     

中美空军飞行学员医学选拔对照实证研究--扁平足

目的：探讨中美两军飞行学员选拔扁平足医学标准的不同,并对我军标准改革提供一种思路。方法调查2012—2015年我军招飞定选体检中扁平足淘汰率与综合评定（简称综评）合格率,对比我军与美军飞行学员选拔扁平足医学标准,并进行实证研究。结果2012—2015年我军招飞定选体检因扁平足淘汰52例,占骨科疾病淘汰人数的26.40%,扁平足患者综评合格人数为87例,占骨科疾病综评合格人数的37.18%。中美两军关于扁平足医学选拔标准主要区别在于美军标准注重功能,无形态方面要求,我军标准仅有形态学要求。按照美军标准,我军因扁平足淘汰的52例中43例合格,9例不合格;我军扁平足患者综评合格的87例中79例合格,8例不合格。结论招飞定选体检中,因扁平足淘汰的人数较多。我军扁平足医学选拔标准与美军标准差别较大,我军实施的综评机制中考虑功能因素,将是一种较为合理的机制。     

中美空军飞行学员医学选拔对照实证研究——髂胫束发育不良与挛缩

目的 探讨中美空军飞行学员髂胫束发育不良与挛缩医学选拔标准的异同,并对我军标准的修订提供依据.方法 调查我军2012—2015年招飞定选体检中髂胫束发育不良与挛缩淘汰率与综合评定率,对比我军与美军飞行学员选拔髂胫束发育不良与挛缩医学标准,并进行实证研究.结果 髂胫束发育不良与挛缩淘汰人数每年均较少,4年共28例,占骨科疾病淘汰人数的14.2%;2014年髂胫束发育不良与挛缩患者获得综评合格的有5例,2015年获得综评合格的髂胫束发育不良与挛缩应征者7例,占骨科疾病获得综评合格总人数的5.1%.美军标准中没有直接的髂胫束发育不良与挛缩标准条目,而是从功能出发,对髂胫束发育不良与挛缩可能造成的症状和体征进行了全面的规定.2012—2015年因髂胫束发育不良与挛缩而淘汰的28例应征者以及2014—2015年综评合格的12例应征者,按照美军标准应全部合格.结论 我军关于髂胫束发育不良与挛缩标准需进一步研究评估,使其更加科学、客观.     

Hearing thresholds during Gz acceleration with masking noise

BACKGROUND: Future fighter aircraft will include three-dimensional sound signals as part of the human-machine interface. The reduction in cerebral vascular flow associated with maneuvering acceleration (+Gz) may affect a pilot's ability to perceive and interpret such aural cues. We hypothesized that vascular deprivation along the cochlea produced by +Gz would raise hearing thresholds either globally or specifically at 1000 Hz. METHODS: We compared hearing thresholds for pure tones at 250, 1000, 6000 and 10,000 Hz during exposure to +1 Gz vs. +4 Gz. Experiments were conducted with steady noise input to the earphones to mask centrifuge noise. RESULTS: Paradoxically the hearing threshold was slightly yet significantly reduced for 1000 Hz (53 dB at 1 G vs. 47 dB at 4 G) while remaining unchanged at other frequencies. DISCUSSION: Audition did not change at +4 Gz, contradicting our hypothesis. We infer that the change at 1000 Hz is not a central effect, but instead represents a disturbance of middle ear transmission mechanisms. The absence of any general hearing loss at +4 Gz favors the possibility of using complex sounds such as three-dimensional sound in aeronautical human-machine interfaces during acceleration.     

畸变产物耳声发射在飞行员早期听力损失诊断中的应用

目的 了解噪声对飞行员畸变产物耳声发射的影响,以便及早发现听力损失,为空军卫生勤务保障提供参考.方法 采用纯音听力计和耳声发射测试仪,对30名低年龄段飞行员、7名高年龄段飞行员及30名健康青年分别进行纯音听阈和畸变产物耳声发射检查.结果 飞行员听力损失主要在3 ～8 kHz,可以出现单耳高频听力损失.随着年龄增加,逐渐出现双耳高频听力损失.低年龄段飞行员和健康青年两组受试者0.5～8 kHz平均纯音听阈差异无统计学意义.低年龄段飞行员1 kHz和6 kHz畸变产物耳声发射幅值低于健康青年,两组差异具有统计学意义（t=2.11,P＜0.05;t =2.41,P＜0.05）.低年龄段飞行人员2、3、4、8 kHz畸变产物耳声发射幅值与健康青年类似,两组差异无统计学意义.低年龄段军事飞行员高频纯音听阈异常率（13.3％）和健康青年（6.7％）的差别无统计学意义.低年龄段飞行人员高频畸变产物耳声发射异常率（33.3％）高于健康青年（6.7％）,两组差异具有统计学意义（x2 =5.10,P＜0.05）.结论 畸变产物耳声发射受噪声的影响较纯音听阈敏感,畸变产物耳声发射可早期发现飞行员的噪声性听力损失.     

招飞体检中电脑验光的结果分析（摘要）

目的通过电脑验光对招飞体检人员的视力与屈光检测,为招飞体检提供可靠的实验数据。方法选取1010例参加招飞体检男性高中毕业生的2020眼,用复方托品酰胺散瞳后先后进行电脑验光及检影验光,比较验光符合率。结果合格组两种验光的符合率为100％,不合格组检影验光与电脑验光结果存在差异。结论电脑验光是快速和有价值的屈光筛选方法;     

Hearing loss and radiotelephony intelligibility in civilian airline pilots

Airline pilots with a mild to moderate hearing loss are regularly examined in the Netherlands National Aerospace Medical Centre. If this hearing loss exceeds the national hearing standards not only a tone-audiometric test but also routine speech-audiometry is performed. The maximal discrimination of phonetically balanced monosyllable words (20 word lists) in 16 airline pilots (32 ears) with such a hearing loss varies between 65%-100%. However, none of these pilots complains of a bad speech-intelligibility in the cockpit. This may indicate that there is a poor relation between the routine speech discrimination and the speech intelligibility in the working situation. We developed a "speech-audiometric" test (RT-test) which is completely based on the aviation jargon used in radiotelephony (RT) communications. In our group of 16 pilots the maximal discrimination in the RT-test was excellent. Even for ears with a maximal discrimination of 65%-70% in the routine speech-audiometric test the maximal RT-discrimination was 99%-100%. These pilots were all very experienced (average: 14,360 flying hours). Undoubtedly, this experience is of great importance in radiotelephony-intelligibility.     

招飞体检青年运动后血尿、蛋白尿试验分析

目的 研究招飞体检青年运动后血尿、蛋白尿的发生率和规律,探讨尿液检查筛选标准。方法 招飞体检青年５４３人作为试验对象,在他们进行一系列室外运动（１ｈ）前后留取尿样,用尿液分析仪检测并镜检。结果 运动后血尿蛋白尿发生率明显高于晨尿检出率,并发现１例肉眼血尿。结论 建议增加运动后尿样检测用于招飞体检,并研究制定有关筛选标准。     

招飞基地毕业生招飞体检合格率分析

目的探讨进一步提高飞行学员早期培训基地毕业生在招飞体检中合格率的措施.方法比较2001～2005年某区飞行学员培训基地毕业生和普通高中毕业生招飞体检合格率,对比分析各科淘汰率及淘汰原因.结果两组体检合格率差异有非常显著性意义（P＜0.01）,两组中眼科、外科、耳鼻喉科、神经精神科、心电心功能及化验淘汰率差异均存在非常显著性意义（P＜0.01）.结论对基地学生经常进行防病教育,及时进行疾病矫治,可进一步提高基地学员招飞合格率.