Experimental and clinical validation of using enterosorption in mechanical jaundice

Experiments in 119 rats with the model of mechanical jaundice have shown the efficiency of enterosorption with polyphepan. The development of the pathological process was found to improve, lethality of the experimental animals to decrease. Favourable changes of the laboratory indices characteristic of endotoxemia were noted. The mechanism of medical action of enterosorption is realized by means of intensification of transfer of masses of metabolites and toxins through the intestine wall and their excretion through the gastrointestinal tract. One of important mechanisms of the medical action of enterosorption is the stimulation of intestinal peristalsis which is confirmed by data of the dynamics of bioelectrical activity. Enterosorption performed in 60 patients with mechanical jaundice was followed by a more rapid improvement of the general state, decrease of the indices characteristic of endotoxicosis as compared with 60 patients of the control group. The frequency of postoperative complications and lethality were reliably lower.     

Clinical and bacteriological studies on panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics. Kanagawa Research Group for Infectious Diseases of Children

Following its introduction into the market, PAPM/BP (panipenem/betamipron) was clinically studied in 188 evaluable cases out of 207 cases primarily of respiratory infectious diseases treated at the pediatric departments of 15 hospitals. In the clinical evaluation, the drug proved effective in three of three cases of sepsis; three of three cases of suppurative meningitis; nine of ten cases of laryngopharyngitis, six of seven cases of tonsillitis, 56 of 63 cases of acute bronchitis, 90 of 98 cases of pneumonia, and one of one case of phyothorax, all of which are respiratory infectious diseases; one of one case of secondary infection of a chronic respiratory disease; and two of two cases of lymphadenitis, which is a disease of the soft dermal structure. The overall efficacy rate was 91.0% (171/188 cases). In the bacteriological study, Gram-positive bacteria were eliminated in five of five strains of S. aureus, 30 of 31 strains of S. pneumoniae (96.8%), and three of three strains of S. pyogenes. Gramnegative bacteria were eliminated in 15 of 17 strains of H. influenzae (88.2%), three of four strains of M. catarrhalis, and two of two strains of K. pneumoniae. The overall elimination rate was 92.1% (70/76 strains). In the 23 strains of S. pneumoniae that were examined, penicillin-resistant strains accounted for 56.5%, showing an elimination rate of 100%. No serious adverse effects were observed, and the incidence of adverse effects was 1.45%. As for abnormalities in laboratory tests, levels of GOT and GPT increased in eight cases (3.88%), LDH increased in one case (0.48%), and neutropenia occurred in one case (0.51%). These results suggest that PAMP/BP could be considered the first choice in the treatment of infectious diseases in pediatrics, due to its effectiveness and high level of safety.     

When the dentist becomes a retailer. The dos and dont''s of selling items to patients

Automation of routine operations of photomorphometry of blood smears realized in the MEKOS-C cytoanalyzer helped create a new level of using a set of cytological tests, such as assessment of the leukocyte and erythrocyte formulae and of the histogram of hemoglobin distribution in red cells, estimation of leukocyte subtypes, assessment of the characteristics of the nucleolar system and the nucleoli-forming sites. Automated complex analysis of an increase in the measured characteristics of red and white blood cells impossible in common microscopy and flow cytoanalyzers appreciably improves the sensitivity and accuracy of tests and extends the range of their application. Low cost of analysis of a blood smear permits the use of MEKOS-C not only in clinical studies, but even in overall prophylactic screenings of the population.     

Morphological changes in the central nervous system of animals depending on the dosage and time elapsed after exposure to low let radiation

Analytical review of the morphological investigations of cerebral cortex neurons of various animals shortly after exposure to X- and gamma-radiation was made. Considered were data of qualitative and quantitative analyses of dystrophic changes in neurons of the sensorimotor cortex of the large cerebral hemispheres of rats immediately and a long period since X-irradiation. Results of the quantitative analysis of structural disorders in the central nervous system neurons suggest radiation-produced damages early after exposure of animals to relatively low doses. Higher incidence of irreversible changes in neurons of the experimental animals, as compared with intact controls, was stimulated by the doses of no more than 0.25 to 1.0 Gy. The relative number of structural disorders in neurons and percentage of irreversibly impaired cells rose proportionally to the dose growth and further delay of the time of investigation. Possible mechanisms of delayed disorders that led to a massive building-up of the number of dystrophic neurons following 3 to 4 months post irradiation of rats are discussed.     

Healthy meningococcal carriers in 1973 in Greece. Sensitivity of the isolated strains to minocycline, rifampicin and sulphadiazine (author's transl)

The frequency of healthy carriers of meningococci in Greece in 1973 has been studied by examining 1105 nasopharyngeal swabs from 731 recruits, during the four recruitment periods of this year. The frequency of healthy carriers among inductees within 24 hours from the arrival in the Camp was 38.9%. After a stay of 35 to 40 days in the training Camp the frequency of healthy carriers rose to 66.4%. Among all the soldiers examined, 24.5% were carriers of meningococci of group B, 13.2% of non-typable strains, 8.1% of autoagglutinable strains, 4.1% of meningococci of group A, 3.7% of meningococci of group C and smaller percentages of strains of groups X, Y, Z and of cross-agglutinating strains. The prevalence of carriers of meningococci of groups A and C and of autoagglutinable strains was higher among recruits who have been in the Camp for 35 to 40 days. The prevalence of carriers of the other serogroups was about the same among the inductees and the other recruits. No significant differences were found in the frequency of carriers of each serogroup among soldiers on their arrival, who were permanent residents of urban or rural areas of various parts of the country. No significant seasonal variation was noted in the frequency of carriers of each serogroup. Frequent changes of the group of meningococci harboured were noted among 374 recruits examined upon their arrival, as well as after 35 to 40 days of residence in the training Camp. Among 534 strains of meningococci examined none was resistant to either minocycline or rifampicin. Among 226 strains isolated from inductees, 44.7% were resistant to 1 mug/ml of sulphadiazine, while among 235 strains isolated from recruits after they have been in the Camp for 35 to 40 days, 57.9% were resistant to that sulphonamide.     

Long-term survival in spinal cord injury: a fifty year investigation

On the model of experimental acute anaemia of rats, induced by injection of phenilhydrazine, the influence of calcium precipitate of double-stranded RNA (Ca-ds-RNA), introduced during the crise of anaemia, on the process of erythron restoration, was studied. In the presence of Ca-ds-RNA the number of pro- and erythroblasts in fission increases by 1.5 times, compared with "pure" anaemia situation, and accordingly there is a marked decrease in the share of microcytes, which play an important role in the restoration of cell number, and in the erythron recovery after the crise of anaemia. Less pronounced is the influence of Ca-ds-RNA on the macrocytosis, which keeps its value in spite of the increase in the speed of development and of the number of normocytes after Ca-ds-RNA introduction. The mechanism of Ca-ds-RNA inclusion in the system, which controls the process of erythropoiesis during anaemia, is discussed. A conclusion is drawn that Ca-ds-RNA may directly affect the inductive stage of erythropoiesis, stimulating the formation of competent erythroid cells in population of stem haemopoiethic cells and their proliferation. Further development of bone marrow cells takes place according to the known programme of erythropoiesis whose variations are stimulated by the current conditions of its realization, but not by the presence of Ca-ds-RNA.     

Evolution of the epidemic process as a form of solution to its internal contradictions

The author formulated the main contradition of the epidemic process consisting of contradiction between the interaction of the motive forces of the epidemic process, since this contradiction at the same time served as the imperative condition of the origination and as the cause of the subsequent arrest of the spread of infection. The main contradiction of the epidemic process is expressed in reduction of the number and limited activity of the sources of infection, attenuation or arrest of the mechanism of transmission of the causative agents, formation of immunity in the population, the appearance of hereditary resistance in the hosts to the causative agent of the infection. The action of the principal internal contradiction of the epidemic process in the course of evolution conditions genetic variability of the causative agents of the infectious diseases, intensification of the mechanisms of excretion of the parasites from the host organism, and increase of their resistance in the external environment, formation of latent forms of infection.     

通钢FTSC薄板坯连铸机黏结的机制分析和控制实践

黏结问题是通钢FTSC薄板坯连铸生产的主要难题之一,其产生的主要机制是铸坯与结晶器铜板之间的 摩擦力增大引起的坯壳断裂。针对通钢现有生产条件,通过对钢水成分、保护渣性能、工艺参数、钢水过热度等进 行优化调整,使黏结率得到了有效的控制。     

The advanced display of behavioral reactions in sensory deprived rat pups

Bilateral section of nervus medianus was made in Wistar rat pups on 13, 14, 15 or 16-th days of life. Developmental analysis of motor abilities, locomotor and exploration activities during 10-30 days of life revealed three groups of facts. 1. Partial deafferentation of forelimbs don't influence on some types of behavior. 2. Some motor abilities hindered in rat pups with section of nervus medianus. 3. Partial deafferentation of forelimb gives rise to the faster appearance of the new types of behavior. The developmental analysis allowed to suggest that faster appearance of certain behavior reactions after deafferentation of the forelimbs is a result of actualization of latent sensory inputs including in the organization of these types of behavior but it is not connected with changing of velocity of morphological maturation.