巨菌草饲粮对七彩山鸡血液指标和脂肪相关基因的影响

旨在探究日粮中添加巨菌草对七彩山鸡血液生理生化指标以及脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)基因和钙激活蛋白酶抑制蛋白(CAST)基因表达影响.在为期3周预试验后,选取1周龄(无外观上缺失,无精神、食欲不振等情况)健康的七彩山鸡(母)210只,随机分为1个对照组和4个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复14只,5个组分别是在基础饲料中添加0％...     

巨菌草对七彩山鸡生长性能、免疫器官以及肠绒毛形态的影响

试验旨在探究日粮中添加巨菌草(Pennisetum giganteum)对七彩山鸡(Phasianus colchicus)生长性能、免疫器官以及肠绒毛形态的影响。试验选取1周龄健康的七彩山鸡(母)210只,随机分为1个对照组(0%组)和4个饲料处理组,每组3个平行。4个饲料处理组配制时,分别添加4%、8%、12%、16%的巨菌草添加剂于基础饲料中。结果表明,与0%组相比,12%组七彩山鸡的平均体重和平均日采食量显著增加(P<0.05);4%、8%、12%组平均日增重显著大于16%组(P<0.05);8%组料重比显著降低(P<0.05);饲料处理组免疫器官指数中肝脏、脾脏指数均在0%组的基础上有所增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05);8%的巨菌草添加剂可显著增加七彩山鸡肠道的绒毛长度(P<0.05),隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),扩大肠道黏膜吸收面积。说明日粮中添加巨菌草可以提高七彩山鸡肠道对营养的吸收能力,一定程度上改善七彩山鸡生长性能和免疫性能。     

日粮中添加巨菌草对七彩山鸡生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

为了深入研究巨菌草作为动物饲料对动物生长发育的影响,提高巨菌草在饲料工业方面的应用率,试验基于我国已有的七彩山鸡养殖情况,使用巨菌草替代七彩山鸡日粮中的部分麸皮,采用单因素法,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1～4组饲喂分别用4%、8%、12%、16%巨菌草替代部分麸皮的基础日粮,测定七彩山鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比和血清中总蛋白、三酰甘油、血糖、总胆固醇含量,以及天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性的变化,从而探究七彩山鸡饲料部分或全部替代麸皮的可行性,并筛选饲料中巨菌草替代麸皮的最优比例。结果表明:与对照组相比,2组、3组的平均日采食量,1～4组平均日增重,1组、2组、3组料重比有显著性差异(P0.05);试验3组七彩山鸡血清的总蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性和血糖、三酰甘油含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。说明在七彩山鸡基础日粮中加入12%(试验3组)的巨菌草替代麸皮,对其采食量、料重比、日增重及血液生化指标等具有显著改善作用,更能促进其健康生长发育。     

巨菌草粉对四川白鹅生长性能和养分利用率的影响

为研究巨菌草(Pennisetum giganteum)在鹅生产中应用的可行性,试验分析了刈割高度为50～100 cm巨菌草制备的草粉营养成分,以及巨菌草粉对四川白鹅生长性能和养分利用率的影响。试验采用单因素随机设计,将360只20日龄四川白鹅随机分成6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鹅。处理1(对照组)、2、3、4、5、6的饲粮分别添加0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的巨菌草粉,试验期30 d。试验结束后每个重复随机选取1只鹅,采用全收粪法测定饲粮营养物质的表观消化率。结果显示:(1)巨菌草粉的DM为90.11%,GE为15.33 MJ/kg,CP、EE、CF、ADL、NDF、Ca、TP分别为10.90%、1.09%、36.53%、29.83%、52.85%、0.45%、0.29%,必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸为0.78,必需氨基酸/总氨基酸为0.44,甜鲜味氨基酸是苦味氨基酸的2.21倍。(2)处理3、4的ADG显著高于处理1、2、5、6(P0.05)。添加巨菌草粉的处理组ADFI差异不显著(P0.05),但显著高于对照组(P0.05)。(3)饲粮GE和EE的表观消化率随巨菌草粉的比例增加而降低,处理2、3、4的CP表观消化率显著高于其它各处理组(P0.05),处理3、4的CF、NDF、TP表观消化率显著高于其它各处理组(P0.05),ADF表观消化率显著高于处理1、5、6(P0.05),Ca表观消化率显著高于处理1、2、6(P0.05)。研究表明,巨菌草对于鹅是一种纤维含量高、蛋白质质量及适口性较好的牧草,20～50日龄四川白鹅饲粮中添加10%、15%的巨菌草粉可改善生长性能和营养物质的表观消化率。     

饲粮色氨酸水平对黄羽肉种鸡生产性能、抗氧化功能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮色氨酸水平对黄羽肉种鸡生产性能、抗氧化功能及血清生化指标的影响,以期探明肉种鸡饲粮的适宜色氨酸水平.试验采用单因素4水平试验设计,将360只28周龄黄羽肉种鸡随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,基础饲粮色氨酸水平为0.16％,3个试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.02％、0.0...     

枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响.选取1日龄(AA)白羽肉鸡(公母混雏)144只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮(无任何添加物),枯草芽孢杆菌组在基础饲粮中添加1.5×1010 cfu/kg枯草芽孢杆菌,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg 20％金...     

红树内生菌对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、营养物质表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨红树内生菌对肉鸡生产性能、营养物质表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响.选取1日龄黄羽肉鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只鸡(公鸡10只,母鸡5只).试鸡分别饲喂4种饲粮,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.05％、0.15％和0.45％红树内生菌的试验饲粮,试验期为21 ...     

茶叶渣菌酶协同发酵饲料对青脚麻鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肌肉风味的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平茶叶渣菌酶协同发酵饲料对肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和肌肉风味的影响.1080只25日龄青脚麻鸡随机分成5个组,每组6个重复,每重复36只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组在基础日粮基础上添加5％的菌酶协同发酵饲料,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组添加1％、3％、5％的茶叶渣菌酶协同发酵饲料,试验期为28 d.结果 ...     

茶多酚对马岗鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、肌肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在探究饲粮中添加茶多酚对马岗鹅屠宰性能、肉品质和肌肉抗氧化能力的影响.选取28日龄、体重基本一致的健康马岗鹅120只(公、母各半),随机分成2组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鹅.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,茶多酚组在基础饲粮中添加1000 mg/kg茶多酚(纯度为98.7％).预试期7 d,正式期35 d.结果表明:与对...     

饲粮中联合添加牛至精油和抗菌肽对肉兔生长性能和肠道屏障的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中联合添加牛至精油和抗菌肽对生长肉兔生长性能和肠道屏障的影响.试验选用324只初始体重相近的38日龄健康断奶肉兔,随机分为2组,每组9个重复,每个重复18只兔.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中联合添加0.08％的牛至精油和0.15％的抗菌肽.试验期为30 d.结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组肉兔的...     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.     

Department of Clinical Veterinary Practices, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4

Circular excised skin wounds in the thoracic and metatarsal regions of the dog were studied. A similar sequence of events took place in the two regions although differences did occur due to the different reactions of the tissues which surrounded the wounds. None of the wound cavities became filled with exudate during the early stages of healing. In the thoracic wounds the cavities were largely filled by the swelling and inward movement of adipose tissue. Epithelium first grew on the wound surface in the sector of the wound that was situated in the direction of hair flow. The average time to complete epithelization was similar in both sets of wounds. A zone of alopecia developed around the wounds.