一种基于微泡沫钻井液的废水处理方案分析

采用微泡沫钻井液进行钻井过程中,会产生大量废水。泡沫钻井液废水含有大量表面活性剂,化学需氧量(COD值)较高,直接排放会对环境造成极大的影响。简要分析了表面活性剂对环境可能造成的影响,按照国家标准对废水进行了检测,依据实际情况,制定实验并分析结果,通过消泡以及絮凝过程,除去废液中大量的表面活性剂,并成功使COD值从4875降到184,证明方案切实有效。     

表面活性剂废水对环境的危害及其处理技术

介绍了表面活性剂的特点以及进入水体后对生态环境产生的一系列危害,阐述了几种常用的处理表面活性剂废水的方法,并分析了各种方法的优缺点。可为以后研究处理表面活性剂废水的新型方法提供一定的参考作用。     

表面活性剂废水处理技术浅述

表面活性剂是一类性能优异的工业助剂,被广泛应用于工业、农业以及人们的日常生活中。然而表面活性剂使用量的日益增加以及应用后的不规范处理导致大量表面活性剂转移进入水体中,引起了一系列亟需重视的环境问题。着重介绍了表面活性剂废水的来源、组成特点、危害及其处理技术。     

乳化油废水稳定性研究

研究了不同条件(静置时间、温度、pH值、添加电解质、表面活性剂)下模拟乳化油废水Zeta电位和粒径的变化规律,探讨了影响乳化油废水稳定性的因素.实验结果及分析表明,适当的静置、低温、弱酸性条件以及加入电解质均可降低乳化油废水的稳定性,加入表面活性剂则会增加乳化油废水的稳定性,实验选用的四种表面活性剂中阴离子表面活性剂比阳离子表面活性剂对乳化油的稳定效果更好.     

废水中非离子表面活性剂去除的研究进展

非离子表面活性剂因独特的性能被广泛应用于国民生产生活的各个领域,但大量未经任何处理的含非离子表面活性剂的废水直接排放到自然界中,带来严重的环境污染。本文通过比较和总结近年来含表面活性剂污水中非离子表面活性剂的脱除方法,希望为含非离子表面活性剂污水的处理找一种切实可行的方法,减轻环境的污染。     

表面活性剂废水对环境的污染及其处理技术

介绍了表面活性剂废水的来源、特点及其对环境的危害,阐述了几种处理表面活性剂废水的常用方法,并对各类方法的优缺点进行了分析和评价。得出：可以对各种处理技术取长补短,联合起来建立高效的去除废水中表面活性剂的方法。     

表面活性剂废水的危害及处理技术

介绍了表面活性剂废水的来源、特点及其表面活性剂废水对环境的危害，阐述了表面活性剂废水的常用处理方法。对各类方法的应用现状及发展方向进行了分析和评价，得出结论：应从预处理与回收并用，同时考虑化学处理与生物降解处理该类废水。     

染料废水中添加剂对角蛋白助剂脱色性能影响研究

研究了染料废水中电解质和表面活性剂对角蛋白助剂脱色性能的影响,结果表明：①电解质的加入,对角蛋白助剂的脱色效果影响微弱,对酸性湖蓝A模拟废水基本无影响;②表面活性剂存在时,对角蛋白助剂的脱色效果影响非常大,当非离子表面活性剂的量〉5 g/L时,活性黄棕KGR模拟废水的脱色率基本稳定在70%左右,但酸性湖蓝A模拟废水脱色率仅为15%左右;当阴离子表面活性剂和两性表面活性剂加入后,脱色率几乎为0。     

表面活性剂与仿生光催化氧化的协同效应

仿生光催化剂磺酸铁酞菁在可见光的照射下,能很好地发挥催化作用,使H2O2更有效地氧化孔雀绿模拟的印染废水,而废水中所含的表面活性剂,会与仿生光催化氧化产生协同作用.实验研究了三种不同的表面活性剂对仿生光催化氧化的影响,实验结果表明聚乙烯醇(PVA)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)以及聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)均与仿生光催化氧化产生协同效应.     

微电解+A2/O工艺在切削废液处理中的应用

安徽省某上市企业,在机械加工生产过程中产生一股高浓度机加工废水.该废水主要有机加工工序排放的切削废液和车间日常拖地废水组成.废水中含有大量表面活性剂、防腐剂、防锈剂等高水溶性大分子有机物,石油类、CODCr等污染指标浓度高,排入周边环境对生态造成较大危害.该工程应用采用除油+多元微电解+破乳+气浮+二级破乳反应沉淀法进...     

Kinetic Analysis of the Ozonation Process of the Surfactant LAS Considering the Simultaneous Foaming Effect

Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) are able to degrade pollutants into harmless substances. To demonstrate the successful application of AOP to real, polluted effluents, ozonation has been applied for the removal of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), a surfactant mixture commonly used in detergent formulation. LAS can be identified in a wide range of concentrations, i.e., in domestic wastewater or in the raw effluent of detergent-processing plants. The strongly tensoactive nature of LAS results in a foaming effect that eventually discourages AOP application, especially in the case of ozonation. The primary goal of this research is to analyze the LAS ozonation kinetics, considering the simultaneous effect of foam formation, by the development of a semiempirical model that is mainly based on the foaming phenomenon. Along with foaming, the proposed model also considers LAS removal by ozonation and the inverse phenomenon of LAS formation by redissolution of LAS. To the best of our knowledge, such a finding has not been previously reported. The proposed foaming model has been developed within various pH and LAS concentration values, primarily examining the initial pH value of the effluent due to its significant effect on foaming. The developed model adequately predicts the LAS concentration profiles measured in the liquid during ozonation. Moreover, this approach makes it possible to quantify the incidence of foaming and LAS redissolution during ozonation comparatively, leading to being able to propose the most desirable operating conditions for LAS removal.     

高浓度洗消废水混凝沉淀效果及影响因素研究

针对某洗消废水中含有极高浓度的表面活性剂LAS,直接排放会对环境造成明显破坏的问题,以聚合氯化铝(PAC)为混凝剂,以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为助凝剂,以氧化钙(CaO)调节水样pH值,设计均匀实验和单因素实验确定了不同浓度洗消废水混凝沉淀效果和主要影响因子。结果表明,污染物去除效果的主要影响因子随废水浓度而变。当PAC投加量为3 000 mg·L-1、PAM的投加量为15 mg·L-1、CaO投加量为4 000 mg·L-1时,可去除废水中60%以上的CODCr、70%以上的LAS和90%以上的浊度,表明混凝沉淀是处理洗消废水的有效方法。     

Kinetics and practical significance of biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in the environment

This paper reviews the kinetics of biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in engineered (wastewater treatment) and natural environment systems, focusing on work conducted in our environmental laboratories over the past 10–15 yr. Biodegradation studies were conducted in laboratory microcosms in which pure-chainlength [¹⁴C]-ring-labeled LAS homologs were used to allow complete mineralization to be assessed. In general, biodegradation rates for a series of LAS homologs (C10–C14) were comparable to each other and to values for naturally occurring materials such as sugars and fatty acids. Half-lives for LAS mineralization ranged from 1–2 d in aerobic and anaerobic sewage sludges, river water and sediments, to 1–3 wk in surface and subsurface soils and estuarine environments. The half-life for LAS degradation in different environmental compartments, relative to its residence time in these compartments, makes biodegradation a practically significant removal mechanism in a broad range of aquatic, benthic and terrestrial habitats.     

Analysis of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Laundry Wastewater by HPLC–UV and UV–Vis Spectrophotometry

A lack of natural water resources and an increase in the demand for fresh potable water has shifted focus to the possible reuse of recycled laundry wastewater water that is considered to be relatively clean. Organic components such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) are the major and most abundant contributing anionic surfactant constituents found in laundry detergents. The development and reliability of treatment methods targeted at purification of laundry wastewater necessitates a fast and accurate method for quantification of LAS. This paper focuses on a comparative study for the quantification of LAS based on traditional liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and HPLC–UV methods. In the case of LLE, the anionic surfactant LAS complexes via ion association to a methylene blue (MB) cationic dye resulting in the formation of an anionic surfactant–methylene blue (AS–MB) complex. The AS–MB complex extracted with chloroform absorbs at a λ max of 653 nm. Optimized conditions for quantification of a single eluted LAS peak using HPLC–UV were obtained by isocratic elution on a C₁₈ column with a 95 % acetonitrile and 5 % 0.7 M acetic acid mobile phase. Both methods displayed percentage recoveries >90 % and statistically showed reproducibility and precision in the quantitation of LAS. HPLC–UV prevailed over UV–Vis as the method of choice for LAS determinations given the ease of sample preparation and applicability to a wider range of samples. Typical levels of LAS in laundry samples assessed in this study ranged between 116 and 454 mg L^?1.     

Using sonochemical reactor for degradation of LAS from effluent of wastewater treatment plant

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) are anionic surfactants, which are found in relatively high amounts in domestic and industrial wastewaters. The effectiveness of using sonochemical reactor for the degradation of LAS from effluent of wastewater treatment plant has been investigated. In this study, experiments of LAS solution were performed using methylene blue active substances (MBAS) method. The effectiveness of sonochemical reactor for LAS degradation is evaluated with emphasis on the effect of sonication time and initial LAS concentration. Experiments were carried out at initial concentrations of 0.2 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 0.8 mg/L and 1 mg/L, frequency of 130 kHz, acoustic power value of 400 W, temperature of 18-20 °C and pH value of 6.8-7. This study showed that LAS degradation was found to increase with increasing sonication time. In addition, as the concentration is increased, the LAS degradation rate decreases in the sonochemical reactor.     

Analytical methodology for linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in waters and wastes

Analytical methodology has been developed for the measurement of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in a broad spectrum of water and wastewater samples. In addition to providing the homolog-isomer composition of LAS, the gas chromatographic procedure has been quantified by incorporation of an internal standard to provide a specific measurement of LAS. The applicability and sensitivity of the standard, but non-specific, methylene blue active substances (MBAS) method have been increased by concentration and clean-up steps that eliminate many of the known interferences. The gas chromatographic procedure has provided specific, as well as significant, information relative to the removal of LAS in the waste treatment process.     

曝气生物滤池处理洗浴废水的研究

利用曝气生物滤池方法处理洗浴废水,研究了流量、气水比、容积负荷、水力停留时间、滤层高度对COD、LAS去除率的影响。研究结果表明:气水体积比为3∶1、BOD有机负荷为0.64 kg/(m.d)、COD容积负荷为2.0 kg/(m.d)时,COD去除率为81.40%,LAS去除率为92.34%,且出水水质稳定,符合生活杂用水标准。     

泡塑处理含阴离子表面活性剂污水的试验

本文介绍了经多种途径，不同条件下得到泡塑活化的最佳方法，并以它来处理工业上的十二烷基苯磺酸钠废水，效果良好。     

小型洗车场洗车废水回用处理技术研究

针对小型洗车场洗车废水的特点,采用调节沉淀—混凝—过滤—活性炭吸附—超滤工艺进行处理效果研究。试验结果表明：这些工艺的结合后可分别发挥各工艺的特点,有效去除COD、悬浮物、石油类、色度、味、阴离子洗涤剂及总大肠菌。处理后,废水可以达到回用标准。     

两级复合滤料生物滤池处理洗衣废水的试验

采用两级复合滤料生物滤池进行洗衣废水的处理试验,研究了水力负荷、气水比、COD负荷、滤层厚度及生物对其处理效果的影响,结果表明两种方式运行(工况1控制滤柱Ⅰ、滤柱Ⅱ好氧,工况2控制滤柱Ⅰ厌氧、滤柱Ⅱ好氧)的最佳工况均为气水比为2∶1,水力负荷为1.4 m3/m2.h。工况1对COD平均去除率为91.3%,对LAS的平均去除率为88.4%,对TN、TP的平均去除率分别达到29.8%和39.7%;工况2对COD去除率为87.1%,对LAS的平均去除率为93.3%,对TN、TP的平均去除率分别达到48.9%和93.3%,其出水COD、LAS、TP和TN可分别达到56 mg/L、3.1 mg/L、0.5 mg/L和15.8 mg/L。