Homocoagulation on contact of blood with polymer materials with electretic properties

The behavior of hemocoagulation was studied on polymer materials with electretic properties. Negative polarity of the electretic polymers was shown to lead to fibrinogenemia and to hypoadhesion of the platelets compared with electretic materials of positive polarity and with polymers with no static electricity. It is considered that adsorption of fibrin and hyperadhesion of platelets play the principal role in thrombogenesis on implanted polymers.Institute of Transplantation of Organs and Tissues, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 166–169, February, 1977.     

Homologous antitissue antibodies as a factor inhibiting the development of malignant tumors

Experiments with transplanted and induced tumors showed that the physiological system of autoimmunity (homologous antitissue antibodies) can be used to increase resistance of the host to growth of malignant neoplasms. A method is developed for obtaining a globulin preparation containing normal antitissue antibodies in high titer.Laboratory of Pathological Physiology, P. A. Gertsen Moscow Oncologic Research Institute. Institute of Biophysics, Minstry of Health of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 10, pp. 468–471, October, 1977.     

Spontaneous fluctuations in NAD-kinase activity of rabbit skeletal muscles

Spontaneous fluctuations in the time of activity of a 280–300-times purified preparation of NAD-kinase from rabbit skeletal muscles are described after its dilution. No flucturations of activity were found in an unfrozen but undiluted preparation. After preincubation of the diluted enzyme with substrates (NAD and ATP) its activity did not fluctuate.Department of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow. (Presented by Academician S. E. Severin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 957–959, August, 1976.     

Fluorimetric determination of histamine and serotonin in mast cells of normal and germfree rats treated with reserpine and cyclic AMP

The content of histamine (by the reaction with orthophthalic aldehyde) and serotonin (by Falk's reaction) in mesenteric mast cells of normal and germfree rats was determined microspectrometrically. Reserpine (10 mg/kg, intramuscularly) was shown not to change the histamine content, whereas the serotonin content was reduced by 50%. Injection of cyclic AMP (3.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) caused the serotonin content to be increased by 80% and the histamine content by 280–320%.Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Research Laboratory of Experimental Biological Models, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny. Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 175–177, February, 1977.     

Secretion of suppressor factors by mouse lymphocytes on contact with syngeneic and xenogeneic red cells

During incubation of spleen cells of immune micein vitro with syngeneic and xenogeneic red cells a factor (or factors) with immunosuppressive activity is secreted into the medium. Secretion of the suppressor factor by spleen cells of nonimmune mice takes place only on contact with xenogenic red cells.Department of Immunology, Scientific-Research Center Attached to the N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Yu. M. Lopukhin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 308–310, March, 1977.     

Immunochemical analysis of glial and neuronal fractions of rat brain

A method of obtaining antineuronal and antiglial immune sera is described. The results of a quantitative immunochemical analysis of antigens of neuronal and glial fractions of rat brain are given. Neurons were shown to contain four, and glia three brain-specific proteins; in addition, one or two proteins are common to these cellular fractions.Department of Normal Physiology, Moscow Medical Stomatological Institute. Course of Physiology, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 156–158, February, 1977.     

Investigation of the possible use of immobilized urease for decomposing urea in blood plasma

The rate of decomposition of urea in citrated donors' plasma by soluble urease and by urease immobilized by addition to the carboxymethyl ester of cellulose, the 2-(3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl) sulfonylethyl ester of cellulose, the diethylaminoethyl ester of cellulose, stained with dichlorotriazine dye, or the grafted copolymer of cellulose and polyglycidylmethacrylate was found to be closely similar. Preparations of immobilized urease can be used repeatedly to decompose urea in citrated donors' plasma. Periodic treatment of these preparations with cysteine solution resulted in a smaller degree of decrease in the enzyme activity of the immobilized urease during repeated use.N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. Moscow Textile Institute. All-Union Vitamin Scientific-Research Institute, Moscow (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Yu. M. Lopukhin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 425–427, April, 1977.     

Use of 2,4-dinitrophenol for immunosuppressive action on the recipient during implantation of fetal organs in mice

Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow. (Presented by Academician T. T. Berezov, Academy of medical Sciences.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 355–358, April, 1992.     

Specific inhibition of adhesion of macrophages from animals with posttraumatic autoallergic aspermatogenesis

Inhibition of adhesion of peritoneal macrophages obtained from guinea pigs with induced posttraumatic aspermatogenesis at various times after injury to the testis was studied. Significant inhibition of macrophage adhesion was observed in the presence of organ-specific testicular antigen. The inhibition of adhesion reflects the autoimmune character of the testicular lesion.Laboratory of General Immunology, Scientific-Research Institute for Biological Testing of Chemical Compounds, Moscow. Department of Biology, I. P. Pavlov Ryazan Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. D. Solov'ev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 324–326, March, 1977.     

Structural-metabolic aspects of the diagnosis of acute hepatic failure

Department of Pathological Anatomy and Clinical Surgery, and Faculty of Internal Medicine, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician D. S. Sarkisov, Academy of Medical Sciences.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 435–437, April, 1992.     

Resistance of the suppressor function of T cells to agents with antiproliferative activity

Injection of cyclophosphamide (CP) in a dose of 50–400 mg/kg into mice immunized with sheep's red blood cells (SRBC) does not significantly reduce the ability of the spleen cells of these mice to suppress the primary immune response when transplanted into intact syngeneic recipients. Irradiation of the donors of immune spleen cells (ISC) in a dose of 900 R or treatment of the ISC in vitro with mitomycin C did not affect their suppressor activity. The supernatant (SN) obtained after ultracentrifugation of sonicated ISC inhibited the primary immune response of intact mice. It is concluded that the suppressor effect of ISC is due to a factor produced by the T cells; active proliferation of these cells is not essential for the realization of its action.Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 327–330, September, 1977.     

Duration of mitosis in the corneal epithelium and spleen cells of mice with leukemia La

The diurnal rhythm of mitosis and its duration were investigated in the corneal epithelium and spleen cells of mice with leukemia La. Correlation was found between changes in the mitotic index and duration of mitosis during the 24-h period. It is suggested that the more rapid course of mitosis in tissues with intensive cell proliferation and its slower course in tissues with low proliferative ability are reflections of a general rule.Laboratory of Chronobiology, Scientific Research Center, and Department of Biology, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 358–359, September, 1977.     

Peroxidation of lipids and degeneration of photoreceptors in the retina of rats with avitaminosis E

The formation of peroxidation products of lipids (hydroperoxides, dialkyl peroxides, intermolecular cross linkages) is sharply intensified in the retina of rats with alimentary avitaminosis Ein vivo and degeneration of the photoreceptors (mainly the layer of outer segments of the rods) develops. The experimental results are discussed on the basis of views regarding the antioxidant mechanism of action of -tocopherolin vivo.Laboratory of Physical chemistry of Biological Membranes, Departament of Biochemistry, Biological Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Institute of Chemical Physics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. E. Severin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 411–413, April, 1977.     

Effect of exogenous superoxide dismutase and 1,4-diazobicyclo-[2.2.2]octane on the resistance of mice to acute oxygen poisoning

A single intravenous injection of a purified preparation of superoxide dismutase (1000 units) simultaneously with catalase (0.5 mg) or without it into mice did not protect the animals against the toxic action of 100% oxygen under a pressure of 5 atm. Intraperitoneal injection of 1,4-diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane (6 mg) under these conditions prolonged the preconvulsive period and increased the survival rate of the mice. It is suggested that singlet oxygen is formed during hyperoxia.Department of Biochemistry, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. Department of Hyperbaric Oxygenation, All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR S. S. Debov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 147–150, February, 1977.     

Quantitative distribution of satellite associations with different numbers of chromosomes in human lymphocytes

Statistical analysis of the quantitative distribution of associations formed by 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 acrocentrics (associations differing in numerical composition) revealed good agreement between the empirical frequencies and the theoretical values calculated by the exponential law of distribution to base 2. The high agreement in all donors tested points to the strict regularity of the quantitative distribution of associations with different numerical values and their special role in human lymphocytes.Academic Group directed by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Professor A. I. Nesterov, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. I. Nesterov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 10, pp. 494–497, October, 1977.     

Structure of interphase chromatin in patients with Down's syndrome and their mothers

Features of an altered structure of the interphase chromatin characteristic of their affected children were found in mothers of children with Down's syndrome by luminescence microscopy of short-term cultures of lymphocytes stained with acridine orange. Abnormalities similar to the changes found in their mothers also were found in girl sibs. The results suggest that there is a certain population of women whose genotype is such that it favors the appearance of this type of chromosome pathology. Since the altered structural organization of the chromatin was found only in the mothers and girl sibs, it seems likely that these features of the genotype are inheritable and are linked with genes (or particular regions of chromatin) limited by sex.Institute of Medical Genetics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Yudaev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 353–355, March, 1977.     

State of the microcirculation after massive transfusion of dogs with homologous donors' blood

Normovolemic exchange transfusion with homologous donors' blood causes moderate slowing of the blood flow in the microcirculation of the recipient dogs together with mild or moderately severe intravascular aggregation of erythrocytes. In 25% of cases acute phenomena of retention of blood in the mesenteric microvessels develop, accompanied by a fall in the level of perfusion in the microvessels of the bulbar conjunctiva. Acute disturbances of the microcirculation are transient in character.Laboratory of Pathological Physiology, Central Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 9, pp. 273–276, September, 1977.     

Mechanism of tolerance toSalmonella typhi Vi antigen induced with cyclophosphamide

Treatment with Vi antigen followed after 46–48 h by cyclophosphamide induces a state of specific areactivity in mice which persists through adoptive transfer. Only trace amounts of Vi antigen were found in the blood and spleen of the tolerant mice after 2–3 weeks. No T suppressors were found in the spleen of the tolerant animals: Cells of the tolerant mice did not depress the immune response of normal lymphocytes when cultured togetherin vivo and they did not induce tolerance in intact recipients; the cells of normal donors partially restored the immunoreactivity of the tolerant animals. The results suggest that this form of tolerance is due to elimination or prolonged inactivation of the immunocompletent cells.Laboratory of Immunological Tolerance, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 440–443, April, 1977.     

Localization of specific antigen in organs of animals inoculated with different batches of live measles vaccine

The location of the specific antigen in the walls of the cerebral blood vessels and in neurons and glial cells was studied by an immunofluorescence method in newborn albino rats and Syrian hamsters inoculated subcutaneously with four different batches of live measles vaccine. Pathomorphological examination of the brain revealed mainly vascular disorders. The results are evidence of the presence of residual neurotropism in attenuated measles virus (strain L-16).Laboratory of Immunopathology, D. I. Ivanovskii Institute of Virology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. M. Zhdanov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 567–569, May, 1978.     

Immunogenicity of polymers of H antigen obtained by different methods

The properties of two polymers obtained from flagellin by different methods — precipitation by ammonium sulfate followed by centrifugation or treatment with glutaraldehyde in solution followed by gel chromatography — were studied. Molecules of the former (POL) and the latter (GLUT) are similar in shape but POL has a higher molecular weight. The preparations contain a common H antigen and are similar in serologic activity. POL has very high priming activity for mice. GLUT is highly immunogenic only within a narrow dose range, is less immunogenic than POL, and differs from POL in forming a certain quantity of 7S antibodies.Department of Chemotherapy, All-Union Research Institute for the Search for New Antibiotics, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Department of Physical and Chemical Methods of Investigation, I. I. Mechanikov Moscow Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. F. Gauze.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 551–554, May, 1978.