局部非热平衡条件下含内热源多孔介质方腔内自然对流数值研究

在流体与固体骨架有效导热系数比一定的条件下,采用局部非热平衡模型与非达西流动模型,研究Ra和Da对含内热源多孔介质的方腔内自然对流流动换热特性的影响。计算结果表明:当Ra取定值,流体平均Nu随Da的增大而增大;当Da取定值,流体平均Nu随Ra的增大而增大。在文中参数的变化范围内,固体相与方腔4个壁面的换热强度相当,且变化较小。方腔左右两壁面流体相换热强度相同,但均弱于上壁面换热强度,下壁面流体相换热强度最低。无量纲容积换热系数较小时,非热平衡效应影响较大。     

骨架发热多孔介质竖直通道内强制对流换热数值研究

采用局部非热平衡模型,在层流范围内对骨架发热多孔介质竖直通道内的非达西强制对流换热进行了数值研究.采用Forchheimer-Brinkman拓展Darcy模型描述多孔介质内的流动,详细研究了表观雷诺数Re(0.5≤Re≤50),有效导热系数比Γ(0.001≤Γ≤1.0)和Da(10-3≤Da≤10-5)变化对多孔介质流道内流动换热的影响.计算结果表明:Re、Γ和Da变化对流道内流动换热影响显著;当Re、Γ较小而Da较大时,多孔介质流道内局部非热平衡效应明显,必须采用局部非热平衡模型才能对流道内的对流换热特性进行合理准确的预测.     

含内热源多孔介质的局部换热特性实验研究

建立了含内热源的多孔介质模型.该模型以水作为流动介质,流道内填满金属颗粒球,金属颗粒球呈正三角形排列.作为内热源的金属球内镶嵌电阻丝.在此模型的基础上,通过实验研究了流速、金属球壁面温度对含内热源多孔介质局部换热特性的影响规律.研究结果表明:压力对换热特性几乎没有影响;低热流密度下,表面热流密度对换热特性没有显著的影响;高热流密度时,换热系数随热流密度的增大而增加;冷却剂进口温度与换热系数成反比;球层区有入口效应存在,但是影响区域明显小于管内流体的流动区域;获得了幂指数形式的无量纲换热准则关联式,预测值与实验值误差在±10%以内.     

竖直矩形腔内有均匀容积热源时的自然对流换热研究

本文利用Mach-Zehnder干涉仪对竖直矩形腔内有均匀容积热源时的自然对流换热进行了实验研究,矩形腔的两侧壁为相等温度的恒壁温边界条件,水平壁绝热,截面尺寸比AR=3.2,介质为水,Pr=8.4。结果表明:在实验条件下,当R_(α(?))较小时,腔内流动近于基础流动(Base flow),当R_(α(?))较大时,呈现出边界层流动(Boundary Layer flow)的性质;当R_(α(?))≤10~4时,腔内的流动和换热受导热机理的控制,当R_(α(?))>10~5时,腔内的流动和换热受对流的控制;从局部Nu数的变化规律看出此时腔内产生的热量大部分是从上半壁面传出的。本文给出了沿壁面局部Nu数的经验公式。局部Nu数的最大值总是出现在壁面受到来自核心区高温液体直接冲刷的位置处。本文还建立了数学模型,用有限差分法进行了数值求解,数值解与实验吻合良好。     

多孔材料填充方式对通道传热效果影响的数值研究

基于结构/非结构同位网格的SIMPLE算法,编写了多孔材料内部流动和传热计算程序.程序中多孔区域动量方程采用Brinkman-Forchheimer拓展Darcy模型,能量方程采用局部热平衡模型.对恒热流边界条件下平行通道沿中心及壁面区域填充多孔材料时的流动和传热特性进行数值分析.分析结果表明,与不填充多孔材料相比,填...     

多孔介质中流动换热特性的研究进展

多孔介质中的流动与传热涉及许多工程应用,已经成为当前工程热物理学科最为活跃的前沿研究领域之一.本文综述了国内外在多孔介质流动与传热研究领域的现状,总结了多孔介质中流型转变的判别标准、阻力预测模型、多孔结构强化传热机理以及考虑固定相与流动相存在热交换时的局部非热平衡理论,提出了以我国反应堆热工水力为工程背景的多孔介质流动换热基础研究新方向.     

多孔介质通道内单相流阻力特性数值研究

采用Brinkman-Darcy-Forchheimer模型对各向同性、饱和均匀多孔介质通道内单相流体的绝热流动阻力进行了数值模拟.结果表明:在多孔介质中,对于单相流体压降,现有模型可以较好地进行预测.其中损失系数Kloss对流动阻力影响很大;高雷诺数(Pe)下需考虑Re对Kloss的影响;随着无量纲直径D的增大,流动阻力减小.     

CAP1000反应堆堆内构件在直接安注下流动传热特性研究

在CAP1000反应堆中，使用了压力容器直接安全注射方式。由于安全注射管嘴和堆内构件的布置方式可能导致堆内构件承受较强的低温水影响，本文研究了吊篮外壁上布置的关键部件的表面温度分布及对流换热能力。使用缩比模型实验测量了堆内构件关键部位在不同安全注射条件下的壁面温度分布和换热系数，使用数值分析获得了堆内构件表面整体温度分布和换热系数。研究得到了辐照监督管顶部等危险区域上几个关键点的壁面温度和换热系数与安全注射条件间的无量纲关联式。      

多孔壁面管强化大容积沸腾换热特性研究

针对非能动余热换热器大容积沸腾换热工况,采用高温饱和蒸汽作为加热热源,对机械加工多孔壁面管和光管的大容积沸腾换热特性进行实验研究.结果表明,多孔壁面管对大容积沸腾换热具有很好的强化能力,多孔壁面管可使沸腾换热系数较光管提高68%～75%,壁面过热度降低约1.5℃;受管外沸腾和管内凝结之间传热耦合的影响,换热管轴向壁面温...     

三维颗粒有序堆积多孔介质内强制对流换热数值研究

采用N-S方程和RNGk-ε湍流模型及比例缩放的壁面函数法对三维圆球颗粒有序堆积多孔介质孔隙内的强制对流换热进行了数值研究。详细研究了Re数变化及不同颗粒堆积方式对多孔介质强制对流换热性能的影响。计算结果表明:在相同条件下,通过对颗粒进行合理有序堆积,可以使相应多孔介质内的压降显著降低,其综合换热效率明显提高;传统经验公式用于颗粒有序堆积多孔介质须进行合理修正;在不同堆积方式中,简单立方体均匀堆积(SC)模型的综合换热效率最高;在相同堆积方式下,均匀颗粒堆积多孔介质内的综合换热性能明显高于非均匀颗粒堆积多孔介质。     

A comparison between a TESQ accelerator and a reactor as a neutron sources for BNCT

In this work, the performance of an accelerator-based neutron source design has been compared with that of a modern fluoride-filtered reactor-based epithermal beam having near-optimal quality for treatment of deep seated tumors in relation to its applicability for BNCT. The accelerator is a Tandem-Electrostatic-Quadrupole (TESQ) accelerator which is a design under development at the National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA) in Buenos Aires, Argentina based on the ⁷Li(p,n)⁷Be reaction, relatively close to its energy threshold. The reactor is the Massachusetts Institute of Technology reactor upgraded with a Fission Converter Beam (MIT-FCB) and improved with an 8 mm thick ⁶Li filter. The comparison has been done by means of data reported on the MIT-FCB + ⁶Li filter performance and MCNP simulations on our TESQ design considering the neutron fluxes provided by the two sources and the doses delivered in a human phantom by both devices. The results show a deeper advantage depth (AD) for the TESQ which turns out to be a promising alternative to a reactor-based BNCT treatment.     

The effect of a changing fuel solution composition on a transient in a fissile solution

This paper presents an extension to a point kinetics model of fissile solution undergoing a transient through the development and addition of correlations which describe neutronics and thermal parameters and physical models. These correlations allow relevant parameters to be modelled as a function of time as the composition of the solution changes over time due to the addition of material and the evaporation of water from the surface of the solution. This allows the simulation of two scenarios. In the first scenario a critical system eventually becomes subcritical through under-moderation as its water content evaporates. In the second scenario an under-moderated system becomes critical as water is added before becoming subcritical as it becomes over-moderated. The models and correlations used in this paper are relatively idealised and are limited to a particular geometry and fissile solution composition. However, the results produced appear physically plausible and demonstrate that simulation of these processes are important to the long term development of transients in fissile solutions and provide a qualitative indication of the types of behaviour that may result in such situations.     

Signal Coupling from a Semiconductor Detector to a Cold Resistance Preamplifier Through a Cable or a Delay - Line Transformer

The behavior of a charge-sensitive preamplifier exhibiting a stabilized cold resistance at the input port is analyzed in view of its application as a low-noise termination for a cable or a delay-line transformer. Its use in conjuction with a remote semiconductor detector of large capacitance is discussed. Results obtained with different values of cable length, detector capacitance and shaping time constants are given. It is concluded that such a preamplifier can be successfully employed in several circumstances associated with silicon live targets in high-energy experiments.     

Thermal stresses in a cylindrical shell containing a circular hole or a rigid inclusion

The thermal stress problem of a circular discontinuity in a cylindrical shell has been solved by continuum approach. Two types of discontinuities are considered: (i) a circular hole and (ii) a circular regid inclusion. The effect of a uniform temperature or a linearly varying temperature across the thickness has been studied. The problem is converted into an equivalent boundary value problem and boundary conditions are specified around the discontinuity. The results are presented in a graphical form for ready use.     

Effectiveness of a system of rod absorbers in a reactor fitted with a reflector

The conditions of criticality and the distributions of the neutron flux for a homogeneous thermal-neutron reactor with a system of absorbing rods are obtained in the two-group approximation. The rods extend through the entire depth of the reactor and are situated around the circumference of the active zone or radial reflector at a uniform distance from one another. The results of the calculation are presented.The author expresses his gratitude to Ya. V. Shevelev for discussing basic questions connected with this work, and also to N. N. Ponomarev-Stepnii and E. S. Glushkov for aid and critical remarks. Numerous and difficult calculations were performed by R. V. Kulev, to whom the author is very grateful.