Preparation of doping titania antibacterial powder by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Doping titania powders were synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method from an aqueous solution containing H2TiF6 and AgNO3. The effects of the processing parameters on particle size distribution, structure, and morphology of doping particles were investigated. The results show that aggregation-free spherical particles with average diameter of 200-600 nm are obtained and the particle size of the powder can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of solution. The experimental approach indicates that the size and the value of standard deviation of particle size increase from 210 nm to 450 nm and from 0.46 to 0.73 respectively with the increase of the titanic ion concentration from 0.05 to 0.4 mol/L. Composite TiOF2 is obtained when the pyrolysis temperature is set to be 400 ℃. With increasing pyrolysis temperature from 400 ℃ to 800 ℃, the crystal size of titania powders increases from 14.1 to 26.5 nm and TiOF2 content of powder decreases dramatically. The property of ion released from powder is affected significantly by the pyrolysis temperature, and the amount of fluorine ion and silver ion released from powder decrease with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The optical property of doping titania powders is not affected by pyrolysis temperature. Antibacterial test results show that composite powders containing more fluorine ions exhibit stronger antibacterial activity against E.coli.     

Preparation and performance of titanate nanotube by hydrothermal treatment

Titanate nanotubes were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment in concentrated NaOH solution followed by HCl washing. The as-prepared nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm measurements （BET）. The results displayed that the hydrothermal treatment temperature within 110-160℃ not only affected the structure of the nanotube, but also the anatase-to-rutile transformation temperature. The nanotube could be obtained only in an appropriate concentration of NaOH solution. The diameter of the nanotube was 6-10 nm. The surface area of the product initially increased with increasing treatment temperature, to reach a maximum of about 630 m^2/g at 130℃, and then decreased with a further increase in temperature.     

Influence of AlF3 and hydrothermal conditions on morphologies of α-Al2O3

Homogeneous α-Al2O3 platelets were synthesized by introducing AlF3 to alumina precursor.The effects of AlF3 additive on the phase transformation and morphology of the prepared α-Al2O3 platelets were investigated.The results show that a single phase of α-Al2O3 with an average particle size of 8μm can be obtained at 900℃ with 2% AlF3 additive.The transformation temperature decreasing IS attributed to introduction of Al3 vacancy and to the formation of intermediate compound of AlOF,which is considered to accelerate the mass transportation from transitional Al2O3 to α-Al2O3.AlF3 concentration and hydrothermal temperature can also affect the morphology of α-Al2O3.When hydrothermal temperature is 120℃,the morphology of α-Al2O3 transforms from irregular to flat hexangular platelet with increasing AlF3 concentration.As hydrothermal temperature increases,the morphology of α-Al2O3 with 2% AlF3 additive changes from polyhedron to hexangular platelet and then to vermicular.     

Controllable synthesis of nanorod/nanodisk TiO2 from titanium-containing electric furnace molten slag

Nanostructured TiO2 with different morphologies and crystal phases was successfully synthesized from titanium-containing electric furnace molten slag by using a hydrothermal method followed by reflux process in acid solution. The effects of acid concentration, reflux time, and acid type on the formation of TiO2 were systematically investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM),high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),and X-ray fluorescence(XRF). It is indicated that TiO2 nanorod with rutile phase is achieved in nitric or hydrochloric acid, while anatase TiO2 nanodisk is formed in sulfuric acid.With the increase of the concentration of hydrochloric acid from 0.3 to 1.5 mol L-1, the dispersibility and crystallinity of the final product can be improved. With prolonging the reflux time from 6 to 14 h, the rutile TiO2 nanorod with uniform crystal size and high crystallinity is obtained. The growth mechanism of TiO2 nanorod and nanodisk prepared under different conditions was also discussed.     

Influence of AlF3 and hydrothermal conditions on morphologies of α-Al2O3

Homogeneous α-Al2O3 platelets were synthesized by introducing AlF3 to alumina precursor.The effects of AlF3 additive on the phase transformation and morphology of the prepared α-Al2O3 platelets were investigated.The results show that a single phase of α-Al2O3 with an average particle size of 8μm can be obtained at 900℃ with 2% AlF3 additive.The transformation temperature decreasing IS attributed to introduction of Al3 vacancy and to the formation of intermediate compound of AlOF,which is considered to accelerate the mass transportation from transitional Al2O3 to α-Al2O3.AlF3 concentration and hydrothermal temperature can also affect the morphology of α-Al2O3.When hydrothermal temperature is 120℃,the morphology of α-Al2O3 transforms from irregular to flat hexangular platelet with increasing AlF3 concentration.As hydrothermal temperature increases,the morphology of α-Al2O3 with 2% AlF3 additive changes from polyhedron to hexangular platelet and then to vermicular.     

Effects of semi-solid isothermal process parameters on microstructure of Mg-Gd alloy

The effects of semi-solid isothermal process parameters on the microstructure evolution of Mg-Gd rare earth alloy produced by strain-induced melt activation(SIMA)were investigated.The formation mechanism of the particles in the process of the isothermal treatment was also discussed.The results show that the microstructure of the as-cast alloy consists ofα-Mg solid solution, Mg5RE and Mg24RE5(Gd,Y,Nd)phase.After being extruded with an extrusion ratio of 14:1 at 380℃,the microstructure of Mg-Gd alloy changes from developed dendrites to near-equiaxed grains.The liquid volume fraction of the semisolid slurry gradually increases with elevating isothermal temperature or prolonging isothermal time during the partial remelting.To obtain an ideal semisolid slurry,the optimal process parameters for the Mg-Gd alloy should be 630℃for isothermal temperature and 30 min for the corresponding time,respectively,where the volume fraction of the liquid phase is 52%.     

Effect of Sb on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg2Si/Al-Si composites

The effect of Sb on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg2Si/Al-Si composites was investigated.The results show that Sb can improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg2Si/Al-Si composites.When the content of Sb is 0.4%,the morphology of primary Mg2Si changes from dendrites to fine particles,the average size of Mg2Si particles is refined from 52 to 25μm,and the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the composites increase from 102.1 MPa and 0.26% to 138.6 MPa and 0.36%,respectively.The strengthening mechanism can be attributed to the fine-grain strengthening.However,excessive Sb is disadvantageous to the modification of the composites.     

Synthesis of ZnO whiskers via hydrothermal decomposition route

ZnO whiskers with a length of 30-40μm and a diameter of about 1μm were synthesized by co-precipitation of ZnSO 4 and Na2CO3 solution at room temperature followed by hydrothermal treatment of the as-prepared Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 precursor at 160 ℃for 6 h.The increase of the initial solution pH promotes the hydrothermal conversion of the particulate Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 to ZnO whiskers.The presence of minor amount of EDTA in the hydrothermal solution promotes the one dimensional growth of ZnO whiskers,leading to the formation of ZnO whiskers with a length of 50-60μm and a diameter of 1-2μm.     

Binding property of Al/Mg/Al thin plates fabricated by one-pass hot rolling with different reduction ratios,temperatures and annealing treatments

In this study, Al-Mg-Al trilaminated thin plates were fabricated by one-pass hot rolling to improve the processing capacity and bonding strength of magnesium alloy plates. The effects of processing parameters were investigated. The results show that the optimal bonding strength is up to 20 MPa with a reduction ratio of 40 % and rolling temperature of 400 ℃, superior than that in other one-pass rolling studies with regard to thin laminated plates. In addition, a favorable property is achieved with the annealing temperature of 250-300 ℃ or annealing time of 1.5 h. When the annealing temperature exceeds300 ℃ or annealing time exceeds 1.5 h, respectively, the bonding strength of Al/Mg/Al plate decreases. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) analyses suggest that the appearance of thin diffusion layers between A1 and Mg interfaces is helpful to improve the bonding strength, while the presence of thick diffusion layer would reduce the bonding strength greatly.     

Corrosion Behavior of 5A05 Aluminum Alloy in NaCl Solution

The corrosion behavior of 5A05 aluminum alloy in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution was investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier transform-infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)test,and the corrosion mechanism was also discussed.The results showed that the corrosion rates of the 5A05 alloy were low and decreased with the increase in immersion time.Under the conditions of exposure studied,this alloy sufered from pitting corrosion that took place from or around the intermetallic particles existing in the alloy.The number and size of the hemispherical corrosion pits on the sample surfaces increased with the increase of the test time.The dark-grey layer of corrosion products formed on 5A05 aluminum alloy in 3.5%NaCl solution contained many microcracks.Furthermore,XPS and FT-IR analysis proved that the corrosion products were mainly composed of Al2O3,Al(OH)3 and AlCl3.     

Corrosion resistance of nanostructured magnesium hydroxide coating on magnesium alloy AZ31: influence of EDTA

A hexagonal nanosheet Mg(OH)_2 coating was prepared through a one-step hydrothermal method using LiOH solution as mineralizer and then modified by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) to minimize the rapid corrosion of AZ31 Mg alloy.The performance of the coating was evaluated using electrochemical technique,hydrogen evolution measurements, nanoscratch test,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns and field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM).The results suggested that the corrosion rate of bare AZ31 Mg alloys was significantly reduced by one and two orders of magnitude through the protection from Mg(OH)_2 coating and modification with EDTA(i.e., EDTA-Mg(OH)_2 coating), respectively.FESEM micrographs indicated that the modification in EDTA elicits to the formation of an EDTA-Mg(OH)_2 composite with a thickness as twice as that of as-prepared Mg(OH)_2 coating.Nanoscratch tests revealed strong adhesion between the composite or Mg(OH)_2 coating and the substrate.The study of formation and corrosion mechanisms of the coatings manifested that Mg(OH)_2 was first formed near the intermetallic compound AlMn particles and gradually covered the entire surface, wherein the AlMn particles played an important role in the coating growth process.And it also proved that EDTA accelerated the formation of Mg(OH)_2.     

高纯纳米晶氢氧化镁粉体制备及表征

以自制的高纯硫酸镁和由氨水、氢氧化钠组成的复合碱液为原料制备高纯纳米氢氧化镁粉体。考察几种关键因素对镁沉淀率和产物平均粒度的影响。结果表明,随着溶液中Mg2+初始浓度和反应温度的提高,镁沉淀率提高,产物平均粒度先降低后提高;延长反应时间和陈化时间,镁沉淀率和产物平均粒度都提高;提高搅拌速度,镁回收率提高不大,但产物平均粒度减小。当Mg2+初始浓度2.0mol·L-1,反应温度50℃,反应时间60min,搅拌速度900r·min-1,陈化时间90min时,Mg沉淀率为95.4%,得到的氢氧化镁粉体为六方片状颗粒,粒度在50～140nm,且粒度分布均匀,分散性好,纯度很高。     

水热法制备稳定氧化锆纳米粉体

目的制备分散性好、粒径分布窄的稳定氧化锆纳米粉体。方法采用水热法制备氧化锆纳米粉体,考察水热时间、p H值、温度和有机添加剂丙三醇,对氧化锆粉体颗粒粒径、结晶度及稳定性的影响。通过XRD和SEM分析技术对不同条件下制备的样品进行表征。结果结晶度随着水热反应温度的升高而提高,形核速率在250℃时快速增加,粒径在150~250℃出现先长大后减小的规律。反应溶液的p H值影响样品的结晶度,通过调节溶液p H值可以减小粉体颗粒之间的团聚,改善粉体的分散性。水热反应进程越充分,样品的平均粒径越大。加丙三醇后,在反应条件为200℃、p H=10、t=12 h时制备钇掺杂量3%的氧化锆粉体,于1000℃煅烧12 h,得到分散性好、粒径分布窄的单立方相纳米氧化锆粉体颗粒。结论通过设定水热法反应温度、p H值、时间,可以制备粒径可控的稳定氧化锆纳米粉体,且钇掺杂可有效提高氧化锆的稳定性。加入丙三醇可以有效地改善粉体的分散性和稳定性,煅烧稳定氧化锆纳米粉体可以有效减小粉体粒径分布和提高粉体的结晶度。     

ZnSe微球在不同水热条件下的制备与表征(英文)

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和Na2SeO3作为原料,通过水热法制备ZnSe纳米晶。探讨了水热反应温度、反应时间、NaOH浓度和N2H4·H2O的添加量对最终产物的相组成、显微形貌和颗粒尺寸的影响,并借助XRD、SEM、TEM、PL等测试手段对产物的相组成、显微形貌和颗粒尺寸进行表征。添加20 mL 1 mol/L NaOH溶液和10 mL N2H4·H2O溶液,在180°C的温度下水热反应4 h制备的产物主要是立方闪锌矿结构的ZnSe微球,所得的ZnSe微球从内到外是由平均尺寸约20 nm的ZnSe纳米晶组成。结果表明:较低的水热温度和较短的反应时间都不利于得到结晶好的纯相ZnSe,产物结晶性不好,而且还会产生杂相和有较多缺陷。添加适量浓度的NaOH和水合肼才能确保得到形貌均匀、发光性能好的ZnSe微球。     

氢氧化镁改性硅藻土对阴离子染料的吸附性能研究

对硅藻土进行氢氧化镁改性以提高它对印染废水中染料的吸附性能.采用原位沉淀法由MgCl2及NaOH在硅藻土上制备了氢氧化镁,并用SEM、XRD对改性材料进行了表征;用分光光度法研究了它对阴离子染料的吸附性能.结果显示:改性硅藻土的染料吸附能力比原硅藻土及氢氧化镁都高;染料的吸附等温线采用Langmuir及Freundlich模型拟合,结果表明改性硅藻土对染料的吸附更符合Freundlich模型.     

Preparation of chain copper oxide nanoparticles by microwave

Cu（OH）2 nano-fibers were prepared by chemical precipitation with CuSO4·5H2O and NaOH as raw materials. The Cu（OH）2 nano-fibers have a diameter of 10-30 nm and a length of 1-6 μm. The reaction conditions were as follows： the concentration of CuSO4 solution was 0.1 mol·L^-1,NaOH solution 4 mol·L^-1,the dropping rate of the NaOH solution 50 mL·min^-1,the reaction temperature 20℃the pH value of the reaction terminal 13,and the stirring rate 1200 r·min^-1. The chain nano-CuO grains were obtained through the microwave radiation of the Cu（OH）2 nano-fibers.     

废镍催化剂回收制备纤维状氢氧化镍

研究从废旧镍催化剂中回收镍以制备氢氧化镍。采用酸浸法,在90℃下用1mol／L硫酸浸没废镍催化剂,从中提取镍。向净化后的含镍溶液中加入NaOH,分别采用3种不同的方法,即尿素水解、传统方法和水热方法制得3种不同的氢氧化镍,分别命名为Ni（OH）2-U,Ni（OH）2-C和Ni（OH）2-H。与传统方法相比,采用水热方法制得的氢氧化镍具有更好的结晶度。Ni（OH）2-C和Ni（OH）2·H都含有β-Ni（OH）2与a-Ni（OH）2·0．75H20的混合相,而Ni（OH）2．U只含有a-Ni（OH）2．0．75H20相。TEM观察显示Ni（OH）2-U样品具有棒状结构。在这3种样品中,Ni（OH）2-U表现出最好的电化学活性。     

水热改性法制备分散性纳米氧化镍

以NiCl2 和NH4HCO3为原料, 探讨了采用常温合成-水热改性-中温焙烧工艺制备分散性纳米NiO的可行性。常温条件下制备的产物主要由NiCO3 Ni(OH)2和Ni(OH)2微晶相组成且团聚现象突出;水热改性可进一步促进沉淀的形成,降低产物中Ni(OH)2及水分含量,使后继焙烧产物(纳米NiO)的分散性得到显著改善。热力学计算表明: 在Ni2+-NH3-CO32--H2O体系中, 升高温度有利于镍氨络离子的解离, 促进NiCO3 和Ni(OH)2沉淀的形成。温度越高,形成NiCO3的热力学可能性越大。