视黄酸缺乏对斑马鱼心脏房室分化的影响

目的 通过化学遗传学方法建立视黄酸缺乏的斑马鱼模型,探讨视黄酸缺乏对斑马鱼胚胎心脏前后轴发育即房室分化的影响.方法 在斑马鱼胚胎孵育的5 hpf,用不同浓度梯度的视黄醛脱氢酶2抑制剂DEAB(1×10-6、5×10-6、10×10-6、25×10-6 mol/L)处理斑马鱼胚胎,实时观察斑马鱼胚胎发育的全过程.通过给予斑马鱼胚胎外源性视黄酸,观察其对DEAB的拮抗作用.应用胚胎整体原位杂交观察视黄酸缺乏对心脏特异基因vmhc和amhc表达的影响.结果 斑马鱼胚胎的生存率随着DEAB处理浓度的增加而降低,当DEAB浓度≥5×10-6 mol/L时,斑马鱼的畸胎率达100%.5×10-6 mol/L DEAB的致畸作用能够被1×10-9mol/L外源性视黄酸所拮抗.整体原位杂交结果显示视黄酸缺乏会导致斑马鱼胚胎心脏房室分化异常,表现为vmhc表达细胞的范围增大,amhc表达细胞的范围缩小.结论 通过外源性DEAB处理能有效地建立视黄酸缺乏的斑马鱼模型,DEAB影响胚胎发育存在剂量依赖性.视黄酸在斑马鱼心脏前后轴发育过程中起重要调控作用,心脏发育早期视黄酸缺乏会抑制心房的发育而支持心室的发育,出现房室分化异常.     

外源性视黄酸对斑马鱼心血管系统发育的影响

目的观察不同浓度外源性视黄酸对斑马鱼早期胚胎和心血管系统发育的影响,为进一步研究视黄酸影响斑马鱼心脏前后轴(A-P轴)发育的分子机制提供形态学依据。方法选择斑马鱼胚胎孵育的3,6,9·5,12h四个时间点,用不同浓度视黄酸(1×10-6,1×10-7,4×10-8,1×10-8mol/L)处理斑马鱼胚胎,在解剖显微镜下实时观察斑马鱼胚胎心脏发育的全过程和视黄酸对斑马鱼心脏发育的影响。并采用胚胎整体原位杂交技术观察flk-1mRNA在斑马鱼胚胎的表达。结果1×10-6mol/L视黄酸可导致斑马鱼胚胎表现出多系统的严重畸形,胚胎很快死亡。在胚胎孵育的9·5、12h给与10-7~10-8mol/L浓度的视黄酸,胚胎只表现出心血管系统的畸形,其他系统无明显异常。胚胎整体原位杂交显示视黄酸对flk-1mRNA在斑马鱼胚胎血管的表达没有影响。结论视黄酸影响斑马鱼胚胎心脏发育有剂量依赖性和严格的时间窗,视黄酸影响心脏前后轴发育的关键时间是原肠胚晚期。视黄酸处理组胚胎的循环缺陷主要为心脏发育异常所致。10-7~10-8mol/L浓度视黄酸在9·5、12h处理斑马鱼胚胎可以作为研究心脏发育调控机制的动物模型。     

胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-2参与斑马鱼胚胎心血管系统发育的实验研究

 目的 通过显微注射吗啡啉修饰的反义寡核苷酸制作斑马鱼IGFBP-2基因表达下调的动物模型,观察IGFBP-2表达下调导致斑马鱼胚胎心脏血管发育的异常表型及其对心脏发育相关基因表达的影响。方法 胚胎整体原位杂交验证IGFBP-2基因在斑马鱼胚胎发育早期的时空表达谱。特异抑制IGFBP-2基因启动子的吗啡啉（morpholino,MO）和标准对照吗啡啉（Con-MO）由Gene-Tools公司设计合成。设置0.05、0.10、0.25和1.0 mmol/L 4个不同浓度梯度的IGFBP-2 MO注射组,观察不同注射浓度对斑马鱼胚胎心脏异常表型发生率和死亡率的影响,并与Con-MO注射组以及野生型（Wild type,Wt）对照组比较。详细记录0.25 mmol/L浓度 IGFBP-2 MO注射组不同发育时段斑马鱼胚胎心脏发育的异常表型。荧光显微镜下观察IGFBP-2 EGFP重组质粒单独以及与IGFBP-2 MO或Con-MO共注射后12hpf胚胎的绿色荧光表达。原位杂交比较IGFBP-2 MO注射组与Wt组斑马鱼心房标记基因Amhc的表达情况;观察IGFBP-2基因下调的Vmhc-EGFP转基因斑马鱼心室特异性绿色荧光的变化;显微血管荧光造影显示IGFBP-2 MO注射组与Wt组胚胎外周血管发育的差异。结果 斑马鱼胚胎早期的发育过程中,IGFBP-2基因在眼球、中脑和肝脏先后表达。0.25 mmol/L浓度MO注射组12 hpf存活的胚胎在48 hpf有59.6%发生心脏发育的异常表型,包括心管搏动无力、心包水肿和房室环化障碍,部分胚胎发生心房扩大、房室反流伴循环瘀滞,且畸形随发育时间推移加重。接受单独显微注射IGFBP-2 EGFP重组质粒和与Con-MO共同注射的Wt胚胎12 hpf出现明显的绿色荧光表达,而重组质粒与IGFBP-2 MO共同注射的胚胎几乎无荧光表达,证实MO下调斑马鱼胚胎IGFBP-2基因的有效性。48 hpf胚胎整体原位杂交显示IGFBP-2 MO注射组心房特异标记基因Amhc的表达下调;48 hpf IGFBP-2基因下调的Vmhc-EGFP转基因斑马鱼心室特异绿色荧光蛋白的表达减弱;60 hpf IGFBP-2 MO注射组显微血管荧光造影显示体节间血管显影稀疏紊乱。结论 显微注射IGFBP-2 MO能够有效实现斑马鱼胚胎的IGFBP-2基因下调。IGFBP-2基因下调导致斑马鱼胚胎心脏血管的异常表型,并抑制心脏发生基因Amhc和Vmhc的表达。IGFBP-2在斑马鱼胚胎心血管系统的正常发育过程中起到重要作用。     

raldh2基因阻抑导致斑马鱼心脏发育畸形的机制

目的通过显微注射吗啡啉修饰的反义寡核苷酸(MO)阻抑视黄醛脱氢酶2(raldh2)基因表达,探讨raldh2基因阻抑对斑马鱼胚胎心脏发育的影响及可能的分子机制。方法根据斑马鱼raldh2基因起始密码区域序列设计合成吗啡啉修饰的反义寡核苷酸,采用显微注射方法阻抑斑马鱼胚胎raldh2基因表达。构建raldh2-EG-FP重组质粒进一步验证MO的特异性和有效性。分析raldh2基因阻抑后对胚胎发育,尤其心脏表型和功能的影响。通过胚胎整体原位杂交,分析心脏相关nppa和tbx20基因表达模式以及raldh2阻抑后对其表达的影响。结果显微注射raldh2-MO能有效地特异地阻抑斑马鱼胚胎raldh2基因表达,raldh2-MO对胚胎发育影响呈剂量依赖性。raldh2基因阻抑可导致胚胎心脏发育畸形,干扰正常的房室分化和向右环化,导致房室瓣血液反流。与野生型胚胎比较,raldh2基因阻抑组胚胎心率和心室收缩分数降低(P<0.05),心功能受损。整体原位杂交结果显示raldh2基因阻抑后nppa基因表达改变,心室部位nppa表达清晰,而心房部位表达减弱。tbx20基因在心脏、运动神经元、顶盖及视网膜表达,raldh2基因阻...     

阿霉素对模式生物斑马鱼中abcb4基因表达的影响

目的 选择斑马鱼作为实验对象,研究阿霉素(doxorubicin,DOX)对其abcb4基因表达的影响,进一步了解abcb4基因在斑马鱼多药耐药机制中可能的作用。方法 分别以2 mL/L二甲基亚砜（DMSO）,10 μmol/L DOX及含2 mL/L DMSO的10 μmol/L DOX对斑马鱼胚胎进行药物处理,另以Eggwater处理的胚胎作为对照组。将正常发育的4~16个细胞期斑马鱼胚胎,随机分入以上各组中,药物处理至120 hpf。收集药物处理下的斑马鱼不同时期胚胎运用实时荧光定量PCR和胚胎原位杂交技术,检测abcb4基因在斑马鱼中的表达变化情况。结果 相较于对照组,药物处理的斑马鱼胚胎abcb4基因mRNA表达水平升高(P<0.05),而abcb5基因mRNA表达情况则无明显变化。通过斑马鱼胚胎原位杂交,均在斑马鱼120 hpf胚胎小肠部位发现有abcb4基因阳性杂交信号,且药物处理的斑马鱼胚胎在脑及心脏部位发现abcb4基因阳性杂交信号。结论 DOX能诱导斑马鱼胚胎abcb4基因表达水平增高,对阐明abcb4基因在斑马鱼多药耐药产生机制中的作用具有重要意义。     

斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中Mef2c的表达

目的探讨Mef2c在斑马鱼胚胎骨骼肌和心肌中表达的时相变化.方法收集不同发育时期的AB野生型斑马鱼胚胎,采用整体原位杂交技术检测Mef2c在骨骼肌和心肌的转录情况.结果Mef2c在体节中的表达约在13 hpf,而在心脏中的表达出现在13 hpf以后,与体节中的表达时间基本平行.另外,Mef2c在体节和心脏中的表达一直维持到48 hpf.结论明确了Mef2c在斑马鱼胚胎骨骼肌和心肌发育的表达时相变化,为研究斑马鱼早期骨骼肌和心肌发育的调控机制提供了一定的理论基础.     

MiR-738通过Wnt信号通路调控斑马鱼心脏发育

目的：研究miR-738对模式动物斑马鱼心脏发育的影响。方法：通过全胚胎原位杂交检测miR-738的表达。在斑马鱼受精卵中显微注射miR-738前体来过表达miR-738。通过显微镜成像来检测心脏表型。通过荧光素酶报告基因检测来验证miR-738调控Lefl。结果：MiR-738在30hpf斑马鱼心脏表达。MiR-738过表达导致斑马鱼胚胎心脏显著增大。MiR-738可以抑制Lefl的表达。结论：MiR-738通过Wnt信号通路调控斑马鱼心脏发育。     

Midkine-a通过限制心肌细胞总数的方式阻碍斑马鱼胚胎心脏生长

目的 探讨一种可溶性的外分泌因子Midkine-a在斑马鱼胚胎心脏发育过程中的功能。方法 在整体胚胎上做Midkine-a RNA的原位杂交实验;利用原有的转基因斑马鱼系Tg (pMidkine-a:EGFP),动态观察胚胎从出生到心脏发育成形这一段时间心脏荧光表达情况;将原有的转基因斑马鱼体系 Tg (phsp:Midkine-a:EGFP) 胚胎进行热休克而过表达Midkine-a,观察胚胎心脏表型;利用Tg (pcmlc2:dsRed)鱼系胚胎的心肌细胞核带有红色荧光,能进行单个心脏心肌细胞计数这一特点,将杂合的Tg (phsp:Midkine-a:EGFP)鱼系与纯合的Tg (pcmlc2:dsRed)鱼系交配,以得到Tg (phsp:Midkine-a:EGFP/pcmlc2:dsRed)的杂合胚胎,对其进行热休克而过表达Midkine-a,计算每个胚胎心脏内心肌细胞的总数; 用吗啉寡聚核苷酸 （Morphonino,MO）阻碍新生胚胎内的Midkine-a mRNA 表达,观察胚胎心脏表型。结果 原位杂交试验证实Midkine-a在胚胎48hpf （hours post fertilization, 受精后小时,用来标记斑马鱼胚胎年龄）大时表达于心脏;转基因Tg (pMidkine-a:EGFP)胚胎在72hpf时其EGFP表达于心脏;Tg(phsp:Midkine-a:EGFP) 胚胎在过表达Midkine-a后心脏变小;吗啉寡聚核苷酸敲除Midkine-a对胚胎心脏发育无影响;最后在Tg (phsp:Midkine-a:EGFP/pcmlc2:dsRed)鱼系胚胎内过表达Midkine-a导致其单个心脏内心肌细胞数目变少,与其小心脏外形吻合。结论 Midkine-a在斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中表达于胚胎心脏;过表达Midkine-a导致胚胎心脏内心肌细胞总数减少及心脏变小;敲除Midkine-a则对胚胎心脏发育无影响。     

Nodal信号通路相关基因NOMO1在斑马鱼早期胚胎发育过程中的表达

目的:研究斑马鱼NOMO1基因在早期胚胎发育过程中的时空表达情况?方法:首先克隆斑马鱼NOMO1同源基因全长cDNA,然后运用半定量RT－PCR技术初步检测NOMO1基因在斑马鱼早期胚胎的表达情况,最后通过原位杂交技术检测NOMO1基因在斑马鱼早期胚胎发育过程中的时空表达情况?结果:通过半定量RT－PCR及原位杂交技术显示NOMO1从受精卵时期开始即有表达,在24 hpf(受精后24 h)之前,NOMO1基因表达广泛,并主要集中在中?内胚层?从24 hpf开始其表达主要集中于神经系统如前脑?中脑?小脑?脊索前板?眼和耳囊等处?在心脏处也有少量表达?结论:NOMO1基因对斑马鱼早期胚胎发育具有一定的作用,推测NOMO1基因影响早期心脏发育?     

3种新型蛋白酶体抑制剂对斑马鱼心脏毒性的评价

为了观察3种新型蛋白酶体抑制剂对斑马鱼的心脏毒性并初步探讨其机制,将斑马鱼胚胎分别暴露于一系列浓度的化合物NNU395、NNU458和NNU459。于显微镜下观察并拍摄斑马鱼的心脏形态,统计死亡率及心率,并检测斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因的表达情况。结果显示,NNU395、NNU458和NNU459呈浓度依赖地增加了斑马鱼的死亡率,对斑马鱼胚胎的半数致死浓度分别为(179.7±12.2),(27.5±1.3)和(24.4±2.6)μmol/L,且较之各自改构前体,3种化合物对斑马鱼的毒性更低。120~200 μmol/L NNU395及30 μmol/L的NNU458或NNU459处理后的斑马鱼出现明显的心包水肿和心脏畸形。120~200 μmol/L的NNU395及0.1~30 μmol/L的NNU458或10~30 μmol/L的NNU459均显著降低斑马鱼的心率。3种化合物对斑马鱼心脏发育相关基因的表达都没有显著影响。本研究提示低浓度的NNU395、NNU458和NNU459对斑马鱼心脏无明显毒性,高浓度的3种化合物对斑马鱼可产生心血管毒性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.