FiltekTM Z 350纳米流动树脂微创修复细小窝沟龋

背景：传统的细小窝沟龋修复需要按Ⅰ类洞形进行预备,对牙体组织破坏较多。 目的：评价流动纳米树脂微创修复细小窝沟龋的临床效果。 方法：选择14~30岁磨牙有窝沟龋且对侧同名牙或邻牙也有窝沟龋患者167例,在一侧磨牙牙合面窝沟龋去除龋坏牙体组织后,采用Adper Single Bond 2全酸蚀黏结技术,用Filtek ^TM Z350流动纳米树脂充填整个微创窝洞作为实验组,对侧同名牙或邻牙窝沟龋用同一公司生产的Filtek ^TM Z350纳米树脂充填作对照。 结果与结论：随访2年后发现实验组Z350流动纳米树脂填充体保留率高,边缘完整性好,边缘着色率低,树脂保留率、边缘完整性及边缘着色率高于对照组(P < 0.05)。提示Filtek ^TM Z350流动纳米树脂微创窝沟充填可有效修复细小窝沟龋。     

138例隐裂牙保存修复治疗的临床观察

目的 探讨隐裂牙保存修复治疗的临床效果.方法 对138例138颗隐裂牙根据临床表现及检查结果分别进行树脂充填,根管治疗及全冠修复的综合治疗.结果 经综合治疗的隐裂牙随访2-3年,总有效率为90.57%.结论 对隐裂牙进行保存修复治疗,特别是全冠修复有利于保存患牙.     

180例根管治疗术失败原因分析

根管治疗术是治疗牙髓病、根尖周病，保留患牙的最重要的治疗方法。临床上由于医务人员对牙体解剖形态以及根管治疗术的常规操作掌握不够熟练，操作失误常常导致患牙治疗失败。本文总结了我院自2002年5月至今接诊的156例病例，对180例根管治疗失败病例进行分析。现将结果报告如下。     

延边地区朝鲜族牙内层解剖测量

牙的牙髓腔和根管形态是根管治疗的解剖根据，一个牙齿只有一个髓室，比较恒定，但根管形态变异很多。这就为牙齿根管治疗造成了一定的困难。我们在研究朝鲜族牙外层及微量元素测定的基础上，对朝鲜族牙内层解剖形态结构进行了进一步研究，为口腔临床牙体牙髓疾病治疗，同时为人类学、民族学研究积     

牙缺损伴牙颌畸形的正畸与修复联合治疗效果分析

目的探讨牙缺损伴牙颌畸形的正畸与修复联合治疗效果。方法对牙缺损伴牙颌畸形患者采用正畸与修复联合治疗。结果 38例牙缺损伴牙颌畸形患者经过正畸与修复联合治疗,其中36例成功,成功率达94.74%。修复后牙排列整齐,咬合关系良好,基牙无松动、移位,患者对疗效满意。2例失败,占5.26%,表现为固定义齿有移位现象,出现不同程度的牙列间隙。结论正畸与修复联合治疗牙缺损伴牙颌畸形患者,克服了单一治疗方法的局限性,从根本上改变患者的面形和咬合关系,修复治疗效果良好。     

方丝弓托槽片段弓技术治疗牙及牙槽外伤11例

目的 探讨使用方丝弓托槽片段弓技术固定牙外伤及牙槽外伤的临床效果.方法 利用方丝弓矫治原理和矫治方法 对外伤性牙松动、牙脱落及牙槽骨骨折共11例,22颗患牙进行固定结扎.结果 20颗患牙成功固定,恢复正常,仅2颗失败.结论 方丝弓托槽片段弓技术治疗牙外伤及牙槽外伤,牙齿复位精确,咬合关系恢复佳,有利于牙周健康,是外伤性牙及牙槽损伤可靠的治疗方法 .     

牙隐裂的综合治疗体会

目的 分析牙隐裂的形成原因及探讨牙隐裂的治疗方法.方法 对72例临床确诊牙隐裂的患者进行临床病因分析,对早期无牙髓及根尖感染的隐裂牙进行全冠修复及调牙合充填修复,对牙髓及根尖感染的隐裂牙进行完善的根管治疗后再行全冠修复.结果 一年后随访,调牙合充填修复24颗,成功15颗,好转2颗,失败7颗.全冠修复活髓牙23颗,成功19颗,好转2颗,失败2颗.结论 隐裂牙早期诊断,综合治疗,全冠修复是保存患牙的关键.     

用微型形状记忆合金骑缝钉治疗牙隐裂的理论及实验研究

应用材料力学中的弯曲理论和拉伸理论对用微型形状记忆合金骑缝钉治疗后的隐裂牙的抗折力进行了分析和研究。结果表明,用形状记忆合金骑缝钉治疗的隐裂牙,其抗破坏为2236±1654N。而没用形状记忆合金骑缝钉治疗的隐裂牙,其抗破坏为1348±947N。经统计学分析,用形状记忆合金骑缝钉治疗的隐裂牙,其抗破坏能力要明显大于未用形状记忆合金骑缝钉治疗的隐裂牙(P＜0.05)。     

色度学在口腔修复医学中的应用

口腔修复治疗的重要手段是用人工材料制成与自然牙形态、色泽近似的人工义齿。掌握一定的色度学知识，对于正确观察、记录、评价人牙颜色，牙修复材料调配，牙体及牙列缺损修复时对材料的选用，评价修复治疗、异常颜色牙漂白治疗的效果都十分重要。本文重点介绍与关系密切的一些色度学知识及其在口腔修复治疗中应用情况。     

不同材料烤瓷冠在后牙种植修复中的对比

背景：种植体上部结构牙冠材料的选择十分重要,其临床修复效果直接影响到种植体的寿命和患者的牙周健康状况。 目的：比较Lava氧化锆全瓷、金铂合金烤瓷与银钯合金烤瓷冠在后牙单颗缺失口腔种植修复中的临床效果。 方法：选择60例120颗第一磨牙缺失病例,完成单颗牙缺失种植牙修复治疗,上部结构修复牙冠材料分别为Lava氧化锆全瓷冠、金铂合金烤瓷冠与银钯合金烤瓷冠,每种材料40颗,比较3种修复体的临床修复效果。 结果与结论：通过6-48个月的随访发现,Lava氧化锆全瓷冠组和金铂合金烤瓷冠组的牙龈边缘着色、龈缘密合度、修复体颜色优于银钯合金烤瓷冠组,Lava氧化锆全瓷冠组的牙龈边缘着色和修复体颜色优于金铂合金烤瓷冠组,金铂合金烤瓷冠组的龈缘密合度优于Lava氧化锆全瓷冠组;银钯合金烤瓷冠抗折程度最强,最具临床优越性,但其牙龈指数最高,牙龈健康程度最差,菌斑形成速度最快、程度最重。由此可见,在种植修复完成后需要选择较为适合的冠部修复体进行种植修复,Lava氧化锆全瓷冠具有卓越的生物相容性,而金铂合金烤瓷冠在边缘密合性方面更具优势,此两种修复体在临床治疗中具有一定的优势。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

Panavia F遮色树脂黏结剂对Cerinate瓷贴面修复不同染色程度模拟四环素牙遮色效果研究

背景：关于四环素牙的美学修复大多局限于临床上的观察,而基础的实验研究相对较少。 目的：观察Cerinate瓷贴面修复轻度(黄色)、中度(黑灰色)、重度(黄-灰色)、极重度(灰褐色)4种不同染色程度模拟四环素牙的颜色变化。 方法：将模拟四环素牙试件按轻、中、重、极重度4种不同染色程度分为4组,每组10个试件,用Cerinate瓷贴面进行修复,Panavia F遮色树脂黏结剂黏结,用电子测色仪测定修复体黏结前及黏结后的L*、a*、b*值及变化。 结果与结论：瓷贴面黏结前与黏结后的表面的L*、a*、b*值之间差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。轻度四环素牙选用未含有遮色剂的树脂黏结剂黏结会较小,中、重度四环素牙在用含有遮色剂的遮色树脂黏结剂黏结后对修复体的颜色遮色效果较好,而对极重度四环素牙遮色效果不好,最好选用其他修复体修复。     

Digital Image Analysis in Dental Research Applied for Treatment of Fissures on Occlusal Surfaces of Premolars

The aim of this paper was to quantitatively assess caries changes of teeth by using digital image analysis. Digital images of stained sections of crowns of teeth were acquired with a computer-assisted light microscope. In each image, spots representing the main and total demineralization of enamel were segmented to determine their area. The area of total demineralization was significantly different between premolars with sealed fissures and unprotected premolars as indicated by the Mann–Whitney test. Fissures on occlusal surfaces of premolars were characterized by their width, height, and distance from the bottom of the fissure to the enamel–dentin junction. This distance was also significantly different between protected and unprotected teeth. The results of our in vitro studies of enamel lesions allow us to plan an effective diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of early caries changes in in vivo conditions. © 2003 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC2003: 8764Rr, 8757Ra, 8757Nk, 8780Pa     

Confocal microscopy of Tomes’ granular layer in dog premolar teeth

Tomes’ granular layer is the hypomineralized area of radicular dentin, but knowledge concerning it is limited. The present study was designed to investigate the structural characteristics of Tomes’ granular layer in the dog’s teeth by confocal microscopy. Permanent premolars of four beagles, two at 7 months and the other two at 14 months of age, were used for observation. During premolar root formation, the 7-month-old dogs were injected with calcien and alizarin red S for vital staining of dentin, and ground sections of the teeth were prepared. Both ground and decalcified-paraffin sections were made from the teeth of the 14-month-old dogs and stained with basic fuchsin or with hematoxylin and eosin. All sections were examined by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. In the ground sections, granules of Tomes’ layer and dentinal tubules were stained with basic fuchsin and with calcein. The granules of Tomes’ layer stained with calcein were seen only near the labeling lines by calcein. The granules of Tomes’ layer appeared as bright spots in cross sections, and as lines in longitudinal sections. When the sections were cut tangentially through the surface of dentin, the granules of Tomes’ layer showed a reticular structure. Most of the dentinal tubules were seen to pass between the granules and terminated in the dentin-cementum junction. Looped tubules were not found in this area. In the paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, extracellular matrix of dentin showed fluorescence of various intensities and dentinal tubules appeared dark. At the surface of the radicular dentin, the granules of Tomes’ layer appeared as fluorescent fibers running parallel to the surface of dentin in the longitudinal sections. The fibers appeared as bright spots in the cross sections and as a mesh in the tangential sections. In the periodontal ligament, collagen fibers showed intense fluorescence, whereas most cells were negative. From these results we conclude that Tomes’ granular layer of dog’s teeth may be the collagen fiber bundles that remained uncalcified or hypocalcified within the radicular dentin.     

Marginal leakage of class V cavity preparations

Dentin-bonding materials, ferric oxylate (FO), addition reaction between N-phenylglycine and glycidyl methacrylate (NPG-GMA), and addition reaction product of pyromellitic acid dianhydride and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PMDM), were tested together for their ability to inhibit marginal leakage in Class V composite restorations in vitro. Sixteen experimental teeth were pretreated with FO, NPG-GMA, PMDM, and restored with composite. Sixteen control teeth were treated conventionally with composite. The teeth were then thermally cycled (5 and 55 degrees C) for 7 days, silver stained, and evaluated blindly for degree of marginal leakage on a scale of 0 (no leakage) to 7 (leakage into the pulp). The experimental group displayed significantly greater leakage values (p less than 0.01) than controls. The results of this study support the hypothesis that FO, NPG-GMA, and PMDM, together with composite inhibit marginal leakage.     

Tooth replacement in Gadus callarias

Summary Upper and lower jaws of large and small specimens of the cod Gadus callarias were stained in toto by Alizarin and cleared in plastic to chart the distribution of ankylosed teeth and mineralized tooth germs. Other jaws of the same species were decalcified and transversely sectioned in series to reconstruct the dentition graphically. It was found that the dentition in Gadidae consists of several irregular longitudinal rows of functional, ankylosed teeth in each jaw. In the upper jaw the largest teeth were labially positioned, while in the lower jaw they were lingually positioned. A great number of teeth in all developmental stages were found in all positions within this area; within any of the rows of ankylosed teeth as well as between and outside these rows. Thus it was concluded that neither regular Zahnreihen nor tooth families existed in Gadidae and that in many teleosts the tooth replacement mechanism cannot be explained as a variant of the replacement mechanism in reptiles or other vertebrates where new teeth are added lingually or deep to the functional tooth row in a regular manner.     

Confocal microscopy of Tomes' granular layer in dog premolar teeth

Tomes’ granular layer is the hypomineralized area of radicular dentin, but knowledge concerning it is limited. The present study was designed to investigate the structural characteristics of Tomes’ granular layer in the dog’s teeth by confocal microscopy. Permanent premolars of four beagles, two at 7 months and the other two at 14 months of age, were used for observation. During premolar root formation, the 7-month-old dogs were injected with calcien and alizarin red S for vital staining of dentin, and ground sections of the teeth were prepared. Both ground and decalcified-paraffin sections were made from the teeth of the 14-month-old dogs and stained with basic fuchsin or with hematoxylin and eosin. All sections were examined by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. In the ground sections, granules of Tomes’ layer and dentinal tubules were stained with basic fuchsin and with calcein. The granules of Tomes’ layer stained with calcein were seen only near the labeling lines by calcein. The granules of Tomes’ layer appeared as bright spots in cross sections, and as lines in longitudinal sections. When the sections were cut tangentially through the surface of dentin, the granules of Tomes’ layer showed a reticular structure. Most of the dentinal tubules were seen to pass between the granules and terminated in the dentin-cementum junction. Looped tubules were not found in this area. In the paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, extracellular matrix of dentin showed fluorescence of various intensities and dentinal tubules appeared dark. At the surface of the radicular dentin, the granules of Tomes’ layer appeared as fluorescent fibers running parallel to the surface of dentin in the longitudinal sections. The fibers appeared as bright spots in the cross sections and as a mesh in the tangential sections. In the periodontal ligament, collagen fibers showed intense fluorescence, whereas most cells were negative. From these results we conclude that Tomes’ granular layer of dog’s teeth may be the collagen fiber bundles that remained uncalcified or hypocalcified within the radicular dentin. Accepted: 17 July 1999     

Establishment, maintenance and modifications of the lower jaw dentition of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) throughout its life cycle

In this paper we elucidate the pattern of initiation of the first teeth and the pattern of tooth replacement on the dentary of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), throughout nearly all stages of its life cycle, using serially sectioned heads and jaws, cleared and stained animals, and X-rays. The dentary teeth are set in one row. Tooth germs appear around hatching, first in odd positions, followed by even positions. From position 8 further backwards, teeth are added in adjacent positions. The first replacement teeth appear in animals of about 30 mm fork length. On the dentary of early life stages (alevins and fry), every position in the tooth row holds a functional (i.e. attached and erupted) tooth and a replacement tooth. The alternating pattern set up anteriorly in the dentary by the first-generation teeth changes in juveniles (parr) whereby teeth are in a similar functional (for the erupted teeth) or developmental stage (for the replacement teeth) every three positions. This pattern is also observed in marine animals during their marine life phase and in both sexes of adult animals prior to spawning (grilse and salmon), but every position now holds either a functional tooth or a mineralised replacement tooth. This is likely due to the fact that replacement tooth germs have to grow to a larger size before mineralisation starts. In the following spring, the dentary tooth pattern of animals that have survived spawning (kelts) is highly variable. The abundance of functional teeth in post-spawning animals nevertheless indicates that teeth are not lost over winter. We confirm the earlier reported lack of evidence for the existence of an edentulous life phase, preceding the appearance of so-called breeding teeth during upstream migration to the spawning grounds, and consider breeding teeth to be just another tooth generation in a regularly replacing dentition. This study shows how Atlantic salmon maintains a functional adaptive dentition throughout its complex life cycle.     

Distribution of interglobular dentine in human tooth roots

The present study was designed to examine the distribution of interglobular dentine in human tooth roots. The material comprised 17 teeth, of which 3 were premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons from children 10-12 years of age and the other teeth (4 incisors, 3 canines and 7 molars) were extracted for periodontitis from individuals aged 32-63 years. All teeth were free of caries and cervical dentine defects. Ground sections of the teeth cut longitudinally were stained with basic fuchsin and observed by fluorescence and confocal microscopy as well as transmitted light microscopy. Basic fuchsin stained the dentinal tubules, interglobular dentine and the granular layer of Tomes. These structures appeared intense blue to faint violet with transmitted light microscopy, whereas their staining displayed intense fluorescence with fluorescence microscopy. Therefore, the interglobular dentine could be detected more sensitively with fluorescence and confocal microscopy than with transmitted light microscopy. Typical interglobular dentine was present in coronal dentine in most of the teeth. In the radicular dentin, position and size of the interglobular dentine was different among the teeth examined. Most of the teeth had the interglobular dentine in the cervical part of the roots (type A). Two premolars displayed the interglobular dentine in the coronal half of the root (type B). The types A and B contained large interglobular areas. A small amount of interglobular dentine was restricted to the apical half of the roots of two canines and one molar (type C). In contrast to types A and B which were seen at both labial or buccal and lingual sides of roots, the interglobular dentine of type C was seen only at one side, labial or lingual. Some of the tooth roots did not show any interglobular dentine (type D). Most of the incisors, canines and premolar were types A, B, and C, respectively, and the molars were mixed types A, C, and D. These results suggest that the factors affecting dentinogenesis during root formation are unique for each tooth.     

Cytological Kinetics of Periodontal Ligament in an Experimental Occlusal Trauma Model

Using a model of experimental occlusal trauma in mice, we investigated cytological kinetics of periodontal ligament by means of histopathological, immunohistochemical, and photographical analysis methods. Periodontal ligament cells at furcation areas of molar teeth in the experimental group on day 4 showed a proliferation tendency of periodontal ligament cells. The cells with a round-shaped nucleus deeply stained the hematoxylin and increased within the day 4 specimens. Ki67 positive nuclei showed a prominent increase in the group on days 4 and 7. Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) positivity also revealed cell movement but was slightly slow compared to Ki67. It indicated that restoration of mechanism seemed conspicuous by osteoclasts and macrophages from bone-marrow-derived cells for the periodontal ligament at the furcation area. It was suggested that the remodeling of periodontal ligament with cell acceleration was evoked from the experiment for the group on day 4 and after day 7. Periodontal ligament at the furcation area of the molar teeth in this experimental model recovered using the cells in situ and the bone-marrow-derived cells.     

Hardness, elasticity, and ultrastructure of bonded sound and caries-affected primary tooth dentin

Biomechanical properties of bonded dentin are important factors for resin restoration. We evaluated the hardness and elastic modulus of bonded sound and caries-affected primary tooth dentin using a one-step adhesive system, and observed the microstructure of the bonded interface. Six sound and six carious primary teeth were used. For sound teeth, flat occlusal dentin surfaces were prepared with a water-cooled high-speed diamond bur. For carious teeth, infected dentin was stained with a caries detector and removed with a water-cooled low-speed round steel bur and hand instruments. The prepared dentin was bonded with One-Up Bond F Plus (Tokuyama Dental Co., Tokyo, Japan). The resin-dentin interface and dentin beneath the interface were measured with a nano-indentation tester and observed with SEM and TEM. For both the carious and sound teeth, there was no significant difference between the hardness of the interfacial dentin and dentin 10-80 microm beneath the interface. However, the Young's modulus of the interfacial dentin was significantly lower than the dentin 40-80 microm (carious teeth) or 50-80 microm (sound teeth) beneath the interface. Both the hardness and Young's modulus of the interfacial dentin were not significantly different between the carious and sound teeth. Compared to the sound dentin, the hybrid layer on the caries-affected dentin was thicker and exhibited more complicated morphologic features. The thickness of the hybrid layers was generally less than 1 microm.