Effet d'un entraînement en endurance sur les concentrations de l'IGF-1 plasmatique chez le rat

Introduction

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of endurance training on IGF-1, corticosterone and insulin levels in male sedentary and trained rats.

Facts

IGF-1 concentrations decrease after training (p < 0.05), those of corticosterone increase (p < 0.01) whereas insulin levels remain stable.

Conclusion

A short period of endurance training leads to catabolic state with a decrease in IGF-1 concentrations and increase in corticosterone levels.     

Effets d'une restriction hydrique et alimentaire prolongée (ramadan) sur la performance et les réponses cardiovasculaires au cours d'un exercice incrémental en milieu tropical chaud

Backgroung

Previous studies showed that maximal oxygen uptake and maximal heart rate were not different during prolonged fasting (ramadan) compared to normal feeding period. However, the effect of ramadan on the blood pressure response during incremental exercise has not been investigated.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of blood pressure during incremental trial in ramadan period.

Methods

Twelve young trained male aged 24 ± 4 yrs participated as voluntary subjects. Their anthropometric parameters, maximal aerobic power and maximal heart were measured in fasting and in normal feeding periods during incremental trial on cycle ergometer.

Results

No significant difference was observed in any anthropometric parameter. Maximal aerobic power of fasting period was significantly less (P < 0,05) compared to normal feeding. Heart rate at rest, at maximal exercise and during a 15 min period of recovery was not significantly affected. Systolic blood pressure of fasting period at maximal power was significantly lower than during the control period (P < 0,05).

Conclusion

Ramadan negatively influences the capacity of maximal power and cardiovascular response at maximal power.     

Aspects biologiques des interactions de l’exercice et de la récupération

Subject

The use of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry technique (FT-IR) as a pitch technique of the biological control of short and intense exercises close to those of Rugby matches.

Material and method

In reference to 28 rugbymen of international level, the biological results of three short and intense exercises and two periods of recovery were analyzed by TF-IR. The exercises are: (1) sprints; (2) 12 × 20 m of swerve running; (3) 6 × 30 s of shuttle run.

Results

Lactate, glucose, urea, and to a lesser degree, triglycerides showed a significant evolution. If the evolution of the two first was in conformity with the literature, the increase of urea probably results from the activation of the purins–nucleotides cycle, whereas the evolution of triglycerides is explained by their probable muscular use during periods of active recovery. Among proteins related to the healthy sportsman, only haptoglobin presents a significant variation difficult to explain whereas CRP, orosomucoid and immunoglobulins A, G and M remain close to their rest values.

Conclusion

With the use of FT-IR technique, it is possible to intervene directly on the pitches of the sporting practice to control the biological incidences and to adjust the loads individually. It is also possible to detect inflammatory and immunological problems related to the biomechanical and physiological stresses.     

Uchi-komi avec charge,une approche physiologique d'un nouveau test spécifique au judo

Objective

The aim of this study was to elaborate and validate a specific test to evaluate the physical condition of judo players.

Subjects and methods

Twenty-three volunteers, males, aged 22 ± 3.62 years old took part in our experiment. They did the progressive test of Leger et al. (1984), vertical Jump test (Sargent test), Australian shuttle run test and a specific judo test.

Results

The observed results showed significant correlations between muscular power and the number of Uchi-komi on the judo test reference scale (R = 0.52, P < 0.01). Furthermore, there were other correlations between the number of Uchi-komi at the two first sets of specific judo test and the anaerobic power represented by the distance covered in 30s at the Australian shuttle test (R = 0.86, P < 0.01), also between the anaerobic capacity represented by the whole distance covered and the total number of Uchi-komi achieved at the judo test (R = 0.88, P < 0.01).

Conclusion

The test reproduces the physiological characteristics of judo fight. It is a good indicator of the judoka's physical fitness and their cardiovascular adaptation in a physical effort.     

Puissance critique de l’enfant prépubère et de l’adulte

Aim

The aim of the study was to compare aerobic and anerobic abilities of prepubertal children and adults with the critical power concept.

Methods

Sixteen children (10.3 ± 0.9 years) and 15 adults (23.5 ± 3.6 years) performed five tests: a maximal-graded test and four constant load exercises until exhaustion. Critical power (CP) and anaerobic-work capacity (CTA) were determined from the power-1/time (P-t) linear relationship.

Results

Determination coefficients for P-t were 0.94 ± 0.05 in children and 0.96 ± 0.04 in adults. PC values were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in children (2.7 ± 0.4 W/kg) than in adults (3.1 ± 0.3 W/kg). CTA values were significantly (p < 0.001) lower in children (136.4 ± 50.8 J/kg) than in adults (247.1 ± 45.7 J/kg).

Conclusion

Satisfying determination coefficients for CP and CTA were found in children and adults. Children have a lower CP and CTA than adults. This result is in accordance with literature.     

Técnicas de recanalización vertebrobasilar antes de la introducción de las endoprótesis recuperadoras: la reapertura no es sinónimo de buena evolución

Objectives

To evaluate the recanalization rate and clinical outcome three months after endovascular treatment for vertebrobasilar occlusion before the placement of stentrievers.

Material and methods

We reviewed all cases of basilar thrombosis treated with endovascular techniques at our center. We reviewed the clinical outcomes with the main objective of determining the recanalization rate and the secondary objective of evaluating the outcome using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) three months after treatment. We assessed clinical and angiographic variables and correlated them with outcome and complications.

Results

We reviewed a total of 27 consecutive patients (mean age, 58.1 ± 15.5 y; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), 21, interquartile range, 18-29; median Glasgow coma score (GCS) 7, interquartile range, 4-9.5). The mean time between the onset of symptoms and endovascular treatment was 26.3 ± 41.7 hours. Complete or partial recanalization was achieved in 23 (85.1%) patients. Three months after treatment, 16 (59.2%) had died and 6 (22.2%) had good outcome (mRS ≤ 2).

Conclusion

Endovascular treatment achieved a high rate of recanalization of occlusions of the basilar artery. Nevertheless, a high percentage of the patients did not have a good outcome. New materials might improve the prognosis in these patients.     

Activité physique et obésité infantile : dépistage,prévention et prise en charge

Aim

This review is aimed to synthesize current scientific knowledge on the part played by physical activity in prevention and treatment of the paediatric obesity.

Current

The physical activity (and inactivity?) is unanimously recognized like an essential element of the fight against the obesity increase in children and adolescents. In the treatment the last meta-analysis and literature reviews confirm that the best strategy is the reduction of the sedentary behaviours, the increase in the physical activity associated with an education and restriction nutritional. On the other hand, the part played by the physical activity in the prevention interventions although not discussed, must be specified in its association with other elements such as nutritional education according to the age, of the obesity level… The physical activity practice as of the youth is to be associated an early tracking factor of risk. The recommendations of physical activity must be adapted to the required objective and the possibilities physical, physiological, sociological… of the subjects.

Conclusion

Although characteristics of the physical activity to prescribe for each specific objective; prevention, loss of or not taken again body mass weight, remain to be specified for the child and the teenager, an active way of life is one of the major factors of the fight against the increase in the prevalence of obesity.     

La technique de Didier Patte dans les luxations récidivantes de l’épaule : notre expérience à propos de 35 cas avec un suivi d’une dizaine d’années

Aims

Authors report their personal experience on the surgical treatment of repeated anterior shoulder dislocations, using an anterior bone block in accordance with the procedure suggested by Didier Patte.

Results

From the year 1988 and during 10 years, 35 patients suffering from repeated anterior shoulder dislocations were surgically treated by this procedure. It was appropriate to retrospectively review the clinical and functional outcomes after Patte repair for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. The mean follow-up was approximately 10 years, with a mean percentage of 75% for the observance. There was no recurrence after surgery. Moreover, 88% of patients had good outcomes, according to the scale suggested by Butel et al., with total resumption of work and physical activities. The occurrence of chronic complication such as osteoathrosis was scarce (only one case for the series), while 20% of subjects showed apprehension during some specific shoulder movements.

Conclusion

In order to expect best functional outcomes, the choice of the surgical procedure should take into account the extent of initial injury. Considering these ground requirements, the Patte procedure seems to provide very satisfactory long-term functional outcomes.     

30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test et répétition de sprints

Introduction

The maximal running velocity (V_IFT) reached at the end of the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Tests (30-15_IFT) is very well related to most physiologic determinants of team-sport performance: explosive power of lower limbs, speed, maximal aerobic power and the ability to recover between exercise bouts. Nevertheless, its relationship with repeated sprint ability (RSA) was unknown.

Synthesis of the facts

Present results in 84 team-sport athletes show that V_IFT is very well related to mean sprint time during a RSA test (p > 0.001).

Conclusion

We conclude that V_IFT is highly representative of most physiologic determinants of performance in team-sports, and could thus been used to monitor athletic performance of team-sport players.     

Effets d'une complémentation nutritionnelle en vitamines et minéraux sur la chute de force et les marqueurs biologiques consécutifs à un exercice excentrique chez des personnes âgées

Purpose

The effects of vitamins and minerals complex supplementation on maximal voluntary contraction decrease (FMV) and biological markers following an eccentric exercise at old people.

Method

Sixteen elderly subjects took either placebo (Pl group) or vitamins and minerals (Isoxan Senior, NHS, Rungis, France) (group S) for 21 d before an eccentric exercise and for 3 d after the exercise. The FMV and surface EMG activity (RMS) of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus médialis (VM) and rectus fémoris (RF) were recorded before (Pre), immediately after (Post), 24 h (Post 24) and 48 h (Post 48) after the exercise. CCVThe creatine kinase (CK), lactate déshydrogénase, malondialdéhyde, and tumor necrosis Factor (TNFα) levels were analyzed.

Results

The reduced MVC (S: 11,2 ± 4,8%; Pl: 17,8 ± 10,4%, P < 0,01) after exercise was associated with a significant reduction in RMS VL, RMS VM and RMS RF values for both groups. A faster FMV recovery appeared at 48 h for the S group (P < 0.05). CK and TNFα values increased in post-exercise.

Conclusion

A dietary supplementation of a vitamin and mineral complex does not attenuate the loss of contractile function immediately after the running exercise, and it may accelerate the recovery of maximal force capacity after 48 h by limiting the post-exercise pro-inflammatory processes.     

Analyse de variables permettant la détermination du niveau d'un cycliste

Aims

We aimed to define a mathematical model allowing to foresee the level of a cyclist.

Methods

One hundred (and) six cyclists were classified according to their level and some of their physiological characteristics were measured with the threshold (4 mmol of lactate) and with the maximum values of their oxygen flow.

Results

To the threshold, power, lactatemy, age and size allow to foresee the level with an error rate of 27% ; to the maximum values, the criteria are development, flow in oxygen, lactatemy and age (error rate of 31%).

Conclusion

These results indicate that our mathematical model allows to envisage the level.     

Overtraining syndrome : la piste de la suractivité ?

Introduction

Overtraining is clearly a multifactorial disturbance. We aimed at evaluating the relative importance of overactivity and nutritional imbalances.

Methods

A comparison of 17 footballers with seven subjects with a diagnosis of overtraining evidenced that the two groups differ by energy expenditure resulting from physical activity (1573 ± 378.6 kcal/d from 804.7 ± 184.7 kcal/d) while food intake does not exhibit significant differences.

Conclusion

In this sample of subjects, inadequate food intake is found in both groups, so that overtraining appears rather characterized by a higher level of physical activity. Therefore, a relative energy deficit resulting from overactivity rather than dietary mistakes appears to explain the syndrome in these athletes, who are thus truly “overtrained”.     

L’utilisation d’un nouveau système d’enregistrement de fréquence cardiaque battement à battement pour l’analyse traditionnelle de variabilité de fréquence cardiaque

Introduction

The measurement of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is widely used in the field of sport's sciences. However, the analysis which rises from these measurements requires equipment that conform to those conditions outlined by the Task force of 1996.

Purpose

The purpose of the present study was: 1) to determine the accuracy of a new heart rate “beat to beat” recorder; Polar RS 800 (Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finlande); 2) and whether the quality of the tachogram is sufficient for traditional analysis of HRV.

Device and methods

Heart rate was recorded on 15 persons (eight men, seven women) in three different situations, simultaneous with this device and a gold standard (ADInstruments, Castle Hill, Australia, else Novacor, Rueil-Malmaison, France). Signals are synchronized and compared with Bland and Altman method to asses the accuracy. HRV analysis is made and the same comparison method was applied.

Conclusion

This device enables measurements of R-R intervals with a precision of ± 1 to 5 ms, and is sufficient to analyse HRV without bias.     

Qualités physiques requises pour la performance en sprint avec changements de directions types sports collectifs

Purpose

To explore qualities necessary to succeed in (swerve-sprinting) sprints with changes of direction.

Method

Two biometric measurements (body mass (MC); lean body mass (MM)) and three tests (20 m sprint two-point start 20 Da, 20 m swerve-sprint: 20Dc on track equipped with a force platform, and half squat) are carried out by nine players of team sports.

Results

The multiple linear regression shows that 44% of 20Dc performance are explained by relative maximum force (developed on the 20 Da) and the MM relative.

Conclusion

Coordination could represent 50% of unexplained 20Dc performance.     

Propriétés psychométriques d'un questionnaire de mesure de l'activité physique chez l'enfant scolarisé âgé de six à dix ans : QAPE-semaine

Aims

To elaborate a physical activity questionnaire for school children aged between 6 and 10 years (QAPE-semaine) and to study the psychometric properties (face validity, acceptability, test-retest reproducibility, criterion validity).

Methods

The questionnaire measures physical activities at school, during leisure-time and other activities. Three scores are calculated: variety of physical activities, intensity and sedentary. The questionnaire was pre-tested to study the content validity, and was administered twice to 185 children from two elementary schools. The validity was studied by comparing the results of the questionnaire outcomes with a one day-recall (QAPE-hier) filled out in two occasions (to measure activities during a non school-day and a school-day). The statistic used was the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

The QAPE-semaine was acceptable. The ICC for the reproducibility of variety of physical activities, intensity and sedentary scores were 0.54, 0.47 and 0.68, respectively; and 0.54, 0.56 and 0.64 for the criterion validity of variety of physical activities, intensity and sedentary scores, respectively. All the ICC were significant (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The psychometric properties of the QAPE-semaine are satisfactory (moderate to good). Its administration in classes with school professor's help seems however essential.     

Évolution chez l'homme de l'Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I dans le liquide interstitiel musculaire suite à un exercice en résistance

Introduction

The impact of resistance exercise on the growth of the vastus lateralis was assessed through interstitial microdialysis measurement of free Insulin-like Growth Factor-I at +3 h30, +4 h50 and +6 h after exercise in 4 healthy subjects.

Results

We observed 3 h30 after exercise an interstitial increase in 3 over 4 subjects, and thereafter a progressive decrease. In the mean time, free or total plasma concentrations did not change.

Conclusion

Resistance exercise seemed to induce an early increase of muscle interstitial free Insulin-like Growth Factor-I in order to initiate muscle growth by an autocrine – paracrine way.     

Lingering fat signals with CHESS in simultaneous imaging of both hands can be improved with rice pads in both 1.5 T and 3.0 T

Objectives

To investigate whether rice pads can eliminate lingering fat signals of the complex surface shape of both hands that occur with chemical shift selective (CHESS) at 1.5 T and 3.0 T.

Materials and methods

T1-weighted images were obtained with CHESS using 1.5 T and 3.0 T systems. The same imaging parameters were used with and without rice pads on the coronal plane of both hands in 10 healthy volunteers. The fat-suppression effects were classified into four categories and scored for images, and visual evaluations were performed by one radiologist and one radiologic technologist.

Results

At 1.5 T, the mean evaluation score was 1.55 for images obtained without rice pads and 3.50 for images obtained with rice pads. At 3.0 T, the mean evaluation score was 1.10 for images obtained without rice pads and 3.20 for images obtained with rice pads. With both systems, images obtained with the rice pads showed significantly better fat suppression effects than images obtained without rice pads (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

It was confirmed that lingering fat signals are eliminated and good fat-suppressed images are obtained with the use of rice pads at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. Rice pads are therefore useful with at 1.5 T and 3.0 T, which are currently becoming more widely used.     

Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration in infants & children: Diagnostic utility of multidetector CT with emphasis on virtual bronchoscopy

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of multidetector CT (MDCT) and its post-processing techniques including virtual bronchoscopy in evaluation of tracheobronchial foreign body inhalation in infants and children.

Patients and methods

During the period from March 2011 to October 2013, 21 consecutive patients (8 females, 13 males, age range from 18 month to 7 years) were referred to the radiology department for CT evaluation for suspected FB inhalation. CT was done on a 16-slice scanner. No IV contrast was used. MDCT findings were compared with the results of rigid bronchoscopy.

Results

MDCT detected FB in 17 patients, two cases had true −ve results, one case had false +ve and one case had false −ve results compared with conventional bronchoscopy. MDCT revealed hyper-aeration of the ipsilateral lung in 42.9 % patients, atelectasis in 57.1%, pneumonic consolidation in 71.4%. According to bronchoscopy, foreign body was identified and extracted in 18 patients. The right main bronchus, left main bronchus and trachea were the commonest sites.

Conclusion

Multidetector CT with the aid of virtual bronchoscopy is a reliable noninvasive method that allows detection and localization of tracheobronchial FB.     

Gender and age groups interactions in the quantification of bone marrow fat content in lumbar spine using 3T MR spectroscopy: A multivariate analysis of covariance (Mancova)

Introduction

There is an age-related conversion of red to yellow bone marrow in the axial skeleton, with a gender-related difference less well established. Our purpose was to clarify the variability of bone marrow fat fraction (FF) in the lumbar spine due to the interaction of gender and age groups.

Methods

44 healthy volunteers (20 males, 30–65 years old and 24 females, 30–69 years old) underwent 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and conventional MRI examination of the lumbar spine; single-voxel spectrum was acquired for each vertebral body (VB). After controlling body mass index (BMI), a two-way between-groups multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) assessed the gender and age group differences in FF quantification for each lumbar VB.

Results

There was a significant interaction between gender and age group, p = .017, with a large effect size (partial η² = .330). However the interaction explained only 33% of the observed variance. Main effects were not statistically significant. BMI was non-significantly related to FF quantification.

Conclusions

Young males showed a high FF content, which declined in the 4th decade, then increased the next 3 decades to reach a FF content just below the initial FF means. Females’ FF were low in the 3rd decade, depicted an accelerated increase in the 4th decade, then a gradual increase the next 3 decades to reach a FF content similar to males’ values. Our findings suggest that quantification of bone marrow FF using MRS might be used as a surrogate biomarker of bone marrow activity in clinical settings.