GPS单点测速的误差分析及精度评伤

首先从理论和实测数据模拟两方面分析了sA取消后各类误差源对GPS测速的影响,推导并计算了GPs单点测速可能达到的精度水平.然后用静态数据模拟动态测速试验和实测动态数据测速与同步高精度惯导测速的动态试验进行验证.结果表明,采用栽波相位导出的多普勒观测值使用静态数据模拟动态测速,其精度可以达到mm/s级;用接收机输出的多普勒观测值进行测速时,其精度为cm/s级.在动态测速试验中,GPS单点测速方法(即多普勒观测值测速与导出多普勒观测值测速)间的符合精度达到cm/s级,与高精度的惯导测速结果的符合精度为dm/s级,而且和运动载体的动态条件(如加速度和加速度变化率的大小)具有很强的相关性.     

GPS单点测速的误差分析及精度评价

首先从理论和实测数据模拟两方面分析了SA取消后各类误差源对GPS测速的影响,推导并计算了GPS单点测速可能达到的精度水平。然后用静态数据模拟动态测速试验和实测动态数据测速与同步高精度惯导测速的动态试验进行验证。结果表明,采用载波相位导出的多普勒观测值使用静态数据模拟动态测速,其精度可以达到mm/s级;用接收机输出的多普勒观测值进行测速时,其精度为cm/s级。在动态测速试验中,GPS单点测速方法（即多普勒观测值测速与导出多普勒观测值测速）间的符合精度达到cm/s级,与高精度的惯导测速结果的符合精度为dm/s级,而且和运动载体的动态条件（如加速度和加速度变化率的大小）具有很强的相关性。     

单点GPS多普勒测速模型比较与精度分析

讨论GPS单点测速的观测方程,重点讨论基于多普勒频移测速的两种方法,分析其误差来源及对测速精度的影响;然后用静态数据模拟动态测速试验,数据处理采用自编单点测速软件。通过对比分析表明,采用原始多普勒观测值进行测速时因接收机型号的不同,结果差异较大,较差者可达17cm/s左右;而采用高频导出多普勒值进行测速的精度可以达到1cm/s左右,甚至可以达到mm/s量级。     

BDS载波相位历元间差分测速方法研究

针对载波相位历元间差分测速前后历元选取不同广播星历计算时,卫星钟差跳变导致测速结果错误突变的问题,提出前后历元仍采用相同的广播星历来计算卫星位置和钟差的改进方法。用北斗实测数据验证了方法的正确性,并评估了北斗测速的精度。实验结果表明:静态条件下,北斗载波相位历元间差分测速精度可达mm/s级;动态条件下,采样率1Hz,测速结果与高精度组合导航测速结果符合精度为cm/s级;并且测速精度与物体的动态条件(如加速度)有一定的相关性。     

在线精密单点定位性能分析

对在线精密单点定位技术进行测试,分析了它的动态、静态定位精度和收敛速度,以及多系统卫星观测对这两者的影响。结果表明,在线PPP静态定位单天解的精度在水平方向可达mm级,高程方向可达mm~cm级,可在10~20 min内收敛;静态数据模拟动态解算的精度水平方向为2~3 cm,高程方向为4~5 cm,而实际动态数据的解算精度略低于此精度。GPS/GLONASS组合系统能加快定位收敛速度,尤其在GPS系统观测条件较差的情况下,能够同时显著提高收敛速度和定位精度。     

GRACE卫星非差运动学精密定轨分析

介绍了非差运动学精密定轨的基本原理,比较分析了精密星历和钟差以及导航星座空间几何构形对GRACE卫星非差运动学定轨的影响。数值分析表明,不同IGS精密轨道对应的GRACE卫星运动学轨道精度相当,而30s间隔和5s间隔钟差对应的径向定轨精度分别为3.8cm和3.4cm,说明高采样率的精密钟差有助于提高非差运动学精密定轨的精度。     

在线PPP服务系统对钟跳的处理能力分析

对比分析了CSRS-PPP、APPS、GAPS、magicGNSS 4款在线PPP服务系统对钟跳数据的处理能力。结果表明,CSRS-PPP的稳健性最好,能够有效处理三类ms级钟跳的数据;APPS能够有效解决第一类ms级钟跳对定位的不利影响,但其对第二类ms级钟跳缺乏必要的控制;GAPS则完全没有顾及钟跳的影响,当发生第一、二类钟跳时,定位结果反复重新初始化,严重影响了PPP的定位精度;magicGNSS的稳健性最差,即便是对于许多不存在钟跳的数据,其定位结果也相对较差,甚至经常出现解算失败的现象。此外,还对计划升级为在线PPP服务系统的TriP 3.0的钟跳处理能力进行了简要分析,结果表明,该软件能够有效处理各类钟跳数据,定位精度较高。     

海洋二号A与资源三号卫星星载GPS自主轨道确定

系统研究了基于海洋二号A（HY2A）与资源三号（ZY3）卫星国产星载GPS接收机双频数据的自主定轨问题,模拟在轨实时处理的结果表明,HY2A与ZY3卫星伪距自主定轨的位置精度可达1.3 m,速度精度可达1.2 mm/s;而HY2A卫星相位自主定轨位置精度可达38 cm,其中径向精度约10 cm,速度精度可达0.36 mm/s;ZY3卫星相位定轨位置精度可达54 cm,速度精度可达0.54 mm/s。自主定轨的相关成果可以应用于我国后续对地观测计划的实时服务。     

IGS卫星钟差产品采样间隔对PPP精度的影响

使用IGS 5 min、30 s以及CODE最新发布的5 s间隔的精密卫星钟差产品分别进行了静态和动态精密单点定位(PPP)试验。结果表明,使用三种不同采样间隔的精密卫星钟差对静态PPP定位结果的影响很小,均能满足mm至cm级的静态定位精度,采样率更高的精密卫星钟差改正对静态定位结果无显著改善;对动态PPP定位,三种采样间隔的精密卫星钟差均能满足cm至dm级的定位精度,使用30 s间隔的精密卫星钟差较使用5 min间隔的精密卫星钟差,其定位精度提高了30%~50%,而使用5 s间隔的精密卫星钟差同使用30 s间隔的精密卫星钟差获得的定位精度基本一致。     

IGS卫星钟差产品采样间隔对PPP收敛速度的影响分析

比较和分析了使用IGS5min、IGS30s以及CODE30s、CODE5s4种精密卫星钟差产品对精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)精度及其收敛性的影响。在达到同等精度水平时,使用30s和5s采样率的钟差产品,其收敛时间要明显短于5min的精密钟差产品。     

Influence of clock jump on the velocity and acceleration estimation with a single GPS receiver based on carrier-phase-derived Doppler

Since the Selective Availability was turned off, the velocity and acceleration can be determined accurately with a single GPS receiver using raw Doppler measurements. The carrier-phase-derived Doppler measurements are normally used to determine velocity and acceleration when there is no direct output of the raw Doppler observations in GPS receivers. Due to GPS receiver clock drifts, however, a GPS receiver clock jump occurs when the GPS receiver clock resets itself (typically with 1 ms increment/decrement) to synchronize with the GPS time. The clock jump affects the corresponding relationship between measurements and their time tags, which results in non-equidistant measurement sampling in time or incorrect time tags. This in turn affects velocity and acceleration determined for a GPS receiver by the conventional method which needs equidistant carrier phases to construct the derived Doppler measurements. To overcome this problem, an improved method that takes into account, GPS receiver clock jumps are devised to generate non-equidistant-derived Doppler observations based on non-equidistant carrier phases. Test results for static and kinematic receivers, which are obtained by using the conventional method without reconstructing the equidistant continuous carrier phases, show that receiver velocity and acceleration suffered significantly from clock jumps. An airborne kinematic experiment shows that the greatest impact on velocity and acceleration reaches up to 0.2 m/s, 0.1 m/s² for the horizontal component and 0.5 m/s, 0.25 m/s² for the vertical component. Therefore, it can be demonstrated that velocity and acceleration measurements by using a standalone GPS receiver can be immune to the influence of GPS receiver clock jumps with the proposed method.     

精密单点确定航空重力载体运动速度和加速度

载体运动速度和加速度的精确确定是航空重力中的关键问题之一。基于IGS发布的精密轨道和钟差产品,并对各种相关误差精确模型化,利用载波相位直接法计算速度和加速度。在静态条件下,水平方向的速度精度优于1.5 mm/s,加速度精度优于2.0 mm/s2;垂直方向的速度精度约为2.0 mm/s,加速度精度约为2.5 mm/s2。在动态条件下,与多参考站载波相位直接法精度相当,并且计算效率和解算成功率更高。结果表明了本文方法在航空重力中的有效性。     

GPS多普勒观测值测速的精度分析

讨论了利用多普勒观测值进行单点测速的观测方程,分析了其误差来源和各误差源对测速精度的影响。用自编软件计算了静态和动态条件下GPS测速的精度,其中动态测速的参考速度采用GrafNav Version7．00软件计算得到,比较结果表明在静态和动态条件下测速精度都可以达到cm／s级     

Impact of sampling rate of IGS satellite clock on precise point positioning

Both static and kinematic testings are investigated by using IGS 5min, 30s and 5s-interval precise satellite clock products in precise point positioning (PPP) solution. Test results show that the sampling rate of IGS satellite clock has very little effect on the static PPP solution. All the three types of sampling intervals of precise satellite clock can satisfy mm-cm level of positioning accuracy; higher sampling rate has no significant improvement for PPP solution. However, sampling rate of satellite clock has a significant impact on the PPP solution in kinematic PPP. The higher the interval of satellite clock, the better the accuracy achieved. The accuracy of kinematic PPP achieved by using 30s-interval precise satellite clock is improved by nearly 30–50 percent with respect to the solution by using 5min-interval precise satellite clock, but using 5s and 30s-interval satellite clock can almost produce the same accuracy of kinematic solution. Moreover, the use of precise satellite clock products from different analysis centers may also produce more or less effect on the PPP solution.     

Impact of sampling rate of IGS satellite clock on precise point positioning

Both static and kinematic testings are investigated by using IGS 5min, 30s and 5s-interval precise satellite clock products in precise point positioning (PPP) solution. Test results show that the sampling rate of IGS satellite clock has very little effect on the static PPP solution. All the three types of sampling intervals of precise satellite clock can satisfy mm-cm level of positioning accuracy; higher sampling rate has no significant improvement for PPP solution. However, sampling rate of satellite clock has a significant impact on the PPP solution in kinematic PPP. The higher the interval of satellite clock, the better the accuracy achieved. The accuracy of kinematic PPP achieved by using 30s-interval precise satellite clock is improved by nearly 30–50 percent with respect to the solution by using 5min-interval precise satellite clock, but using 5s and 30s-interval satellite clock can almost produce the same accuracy of kinematic solution. Moreover, the use of precise satellite clock products from different analysis centers may also produce more or less effect on the PPP solution.     

Precise Point Positioning Using IGS Orbit and Clock Products

The contribution details a post-processing approach that used undifferentiated dual-frequency pseudorange and carrier phase observations along with IGS procise orbit products, for stand-alone precise geodetic point positioning (static or kinematic) with cm precision. This is possible if one takes advantage of the satellite clock estimates available with the satellite coordinates in the IGS precise orbit products and models systematic effects that cause cm variations in the satelite to user range. This paper will describe the approach, summarize the adjustment procedure, and specify the earth- and space-based models that must be implementetd to achieve cm-level positioning in static mode. Furthermore, station tropospheric zenth path delays with cm precision and GPS receiver clock estimates procise to 0.1 ns are also obtained. ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Impact of GLONASS pseudorange inter-channel biases on satellite clock corrections

GLONASS carrier phase and pseudorange observations suffer from inter-channel biases (ICBs) because of frequency division multiple access (FDMA). Therefore, we analyze the effect of GLONASS pseudorange inter-channel biases on the GLONASS clock corrections. Different Analysis Centers (AC) eliminate the impact of GLONASS pseudorange ICBs in different ways. This leads to significant differences in the satellite and AC-specific offsets in the GLONASS clock corrections. Satellite and AC-specific offset differences are strongly correlated with frequency. Furthermore, the GLONASS pseudorange ICBs also leads to day-boundary jumps in the GLONASS clock corrections for the same analysis center between adjacent days. This in turn will influence the accuracy of the combined GPS/GLONASS precise point positioning (PPP) at the day-boundary. To solve these problems, a GNSS clock correction combination method based on the Kalman filter is proposed. During the combination, the AC-specific offsets and the satellite and AC-specific offsets can be estimated. The test results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed clock combination method. The combined clock corrections can effectively weaken the influence of clock day-boundary jumps on combined GPS/GLONASS kinematic PPP. Furthermore, these combined clock corrections can improve the accuracy of the combined GPS/GLONASS static PPP single-day solutions when compared to the accuracy of each analysis center alone.     

一种联合载波相位观测值的GPS/BDS滤波导航算法

提出了一种基于历元间相位差分的GPS/BDS单机实时动态定位算法。该方法采用历元间载波相位差分数据准确计算出载体的位置变化量;并以此描述载体的运动状态变化,建立动态定位滤波模型的状态方程。同时以历元间载波相位差分数据与伪距数据作为主要观测值,采用扩展Kalman滤波实时估计载体的位置和钟差。采用自主编制的软件对静态与车载GPS/BDS实测数据进行处理,结果表明:采用该方法,定位结果精度优于传统的标准单点定位算法与载波相位平滑伪距算法;而且算法具有较好的稳定性,与载体的运动状态无关。     

Real-time clock offset prediction with an improved model

The GPS orbit precision of the IGS ultra-rapid predicted (IGU-P) products has been remarkably improved since 2007. However, the satellite clock offsets of the IGU-P products have not shown sufficient high-quality prediction to achieve sub-decimeter precision in real-time precise point positioning (RTPPP), being at the level of 1–3 ns (30–90 cm) RMS in recent years. An improved prediction model for satellite clocks is proposed in order to enhance the precision of predicted clock offsets. First, the proposed prediction model adds a few cyclic terms to absorb the periodic effects, and a time adaptive function is used to adjust the weight of the observation in the prediction model. Second, initial deviations of the predictions are reduced by using a recomputed constant term. The simulation results have shown that the proposed prediction model can give a better performance than the IGU-P clock products and can achieve precision better than 0.55 ns (16.5 cm) in real-time predictions. In addition, the RTPPP method was chosen to test the efficiency of the new model for real-time static and kinematic positioning. The numerical examples using the data set of 140 IGS stations show that the static RTPPP precision based on the proposed clock model has been improved about 22.8 and 41.5 % in the east and height components compared to the IGU-P clock products, while the precisions in the north components are the equal. The kinematic example using three IGS stations shows that the kinematic RTPPP precision based on the proposed clock model has improved about 30, 72 and 44 % in the east, north and height components.