结节性硬化的影像学诊断

目的总结结节性硬化的影像学表现特征。方法回顾分析20例经临床、影像及病理证实的结节性硬化患者的脑部CT和MRI表现。结果20例中CT表现为沿侧脑室壁分布的多发室管膜下钙化结节16例,其中多发结节14例,单发结节2例,室管膜下等密度未钙化结节2例,结节大小介于2~12mm。未见明确异常2例。MRI显示多发室管膜下结节19例,单发结节1例,T1WI结节呈等信号或低信号,T2WI呈低信号、等信号或稍高信号。MRI显示脑皮质及皮质下病变19例,呈局限脑回样异常信号;脑白质异常信号7例,分别呈线状、楔形及不规则形。9例MRI增强扫描室管膜下结节多呈轻中度强化,脑实质内结节多不强化。结论结节性硬化的CT和MRI表现均具有特征性。     

结节性硬化的影像诊断

目的:探讨结节性硬化的CT和MRI影像学特征表现。方法:回顾性分析10例结节性硬化的CT和MRI表现,10例均行头部CT平扫,CT增强1例,膝关节CT平扫1例,2例行头部MRI平扫。结果:CT表现中,所有病例均见双侧侧脑室室管膜下多发高密度钙化结节,1例并有室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤,1例有皮肤血管纤维瘤。2例MRI均见双侧侧脑室室管膜下多发结节,T1WI呈稍高信号或等信号,T2WI则为低信号。结论:CT和MRI检查对结节性硬化的诊断具有重要价值,其CT和MRI影像学表现具有特征性。     

磁共振增强梯度回波T2*加权血管成像对结节性硬化症的诊断价值

目的 探讨磁共振增强梯度回波T2*加权血管成像 (enhanced gradient echo T2-star weighted angiography,ESWAN) 序列对结节性硬化症(tuberous sclerosis,TS)的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经临床证实的9例TS患者的CT、常规MRI及ESWAN的资料(9例均行颅脑CT、MRI平扫及ESWAN扫描,其中CT增强2例,MRI增强3例).结果 CT表现为脑室管膜下或周围的多发钙化灶;MRI表现双侧大脑白质、皮层和室管膜下区多发结节样、斑片状异常信号影,室壁呈波浪状改变,T1WI呈低或等信号,T2WI为等或略高信号;ESWAN显示钙化性病灶呈斑点状低信号,灶周环绕斑片状高信号,而未钙化的病灶呈斑片状高信号,边界清楚.ESWAN与常规MRI、CT对病变结节的显示率具有显著性差异(χ2值分别为9.35和13.75,P＜0.005＝.结论 ESWAN是常规MRI及CT诊断TS的有力补充.     

CT和MRI对结节性硬化的诊断价值(附32例报告)

目的：探讨CT及MRI对结节性硬化的诊断价值。方法：回顾分析经临床病理证实的32例结节性硬化（TS）的CT、MRI资料。结果：CT表现为脑室周围的结节状钙化，脑实质错构瘤，室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤。MRI表现为脑实质多发异常信号灶，T1WI呈低信号，T2WI呈高信号。结论：结节性硬化的CT表现有一定特征性，对临床疑TS的患者，CT检查很有必要。MRI检查能发现更多病变，对非钙化性病变比较敏感，两者起互补作用。     

肝结核的CT与MRI表现

目的 探讨肝结核的CT、MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的12例肝结核的CT和MRI表现。结果 （1）12例 CT表现：肝浆膜型1例,为肝包膜下多发结节性病灶。肝实质型10例,其中多发粟粒小结节状低密度灶伴点状钙化2例,单发略低密度大结了伴斑点状钙化及聚集多个结节样病灶形成“成簇征”或融合成窝状改变各3例,多发囊样病变及发粟粒状钙化伴单发大结节低密度灶各1例。肝内胆管型1例,肝内胆管明显扩张及肝门部多发斑点状钙化灶。（2）4例MRI表现：T1WI、T2WI低信号灶1例,T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号灶3例,增强后为轻度边缘强化或呈多环状强化。结论 各种类型肝结核均有其特定的影像学表现,典型的CT、MRI表现可提示该病的诊断。     

结节性硬化症的CT和磁共振成像诊断价值

目的评价cT及磁共振成像（MRI）检查对结节性硬化症的诊断价值。方法采用64排cT及1．5T磁共振扫描仪,回顾性分析18例结节性硬化症的颅脑cT及MRI表现。结果结节性硬化症的cT与MRI表现为室管膜下结节,脑皮质及皮质下病变,脑白质异常,室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤。cT显示钙化结节敏感,而非钙化结节、皮质及白质病变的显示MRI比cT有显著优越性。MRI增强扫描室管膜下结节多呈轻中度强化。结论结节性硬化症的cT和MRI表现均具有一定特征性,cT和MRI在结节性硬化的诊断中具有十分重要的价值。     

胎儿及婴幼儿结节性硬化症伴有心脏横纹肌瘤的MRI表现

目的 分析胎儿及婴幼儿结节性硬化症(TSC)合并心脏横纹肌瘤(CRs)的影像表现,以提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析2006年6月至2013年11月经MRI诊断的9例婴幼儿和4例胎儿TSC伴有CRs的临床和影像资料,总结其影像特征.所有胎儿及婴幼儿均接受颅脑和心脏MR平扫,9例婴幼儿还进行MR增强检查.结果 9例TSC患儿在头颅MRI上具有特征性的侧脑室室管膜下及双侧大脑皮层和皮层下多发异常结节信号.室管膜下结节在常规自旋回波T1WI表现为等或略低信号,T2WI为稍高或稍低信号.皮层及皮层下结节T1WI表现为低或者高信号,T2WI上为低或者高信号.增强后有不同程度强化.9例CRs患儿中,单发病灶3例、多发6例.心脏增强扫描CRs表现为室间隔、心室流出道或房室游离壁类圆形实质性占位,自旋回波T1WI及T2WI、平衡稳态快速梯度回波(B-TFE)序列均呈类似于心肌的等信号,增强后无或者轻度强化.4例胎儿快速序列MRI显示颅内双侧室管膜下多发小结节,T1WI呈等或稍高信号,单次激发快速自旋回波(SSTSE)或平衡稳态快速梯度回波(B-FFE)序列上呈等高或者低信号.心房或者心室内CRsB-FFE序列和SSTSE序列呈等或稍高圆形信号.结论 MRI在TSC合并CRs的颅内和心脏病灶的检出方面均具有独特的优势.MRI技术的发展可以提高本病诊断的及时性及准确性.     

结节性硬化的MRI诊断

目的:探讨结节性硬化的临床和MRI诊断价值。方法:回顾分析11例结节性硬化症病例的临床和MRI影像资料。结果:病灶表现为脑组织内多发性形态不规则结节,散布于脑皮质、皮质下和脑室室管膜下;结节在T2WI像呈高或低信号,T1WI呈等或低信号,增强后结节不强化。结论:结节性硬化的头颅MRI表现具一定特征性,对早期诊断具有一定价值。     

结节性硬化症的MRI和CT诊断

目的 探讨结节性硬化症的颅内影像学征象。材料和方法：对5例临床确诊为结节性硬化症的病例进行头颅CT和MRI检查,对其影像学征象进行分析。结果 所有病例均表现为两侧侧脑室室管膜下多发结节状异常信号和高密度,其内多同时有钙化。其余脑实质及皮层下亦可见散在结节状和片状异常信号,合并有钙化。增强扫描,室管膜下结节有轻度增强。结论 MRI和CT检查能全面反映结节性硬化症的颅内病理改变,对于其临床诊断和中枢系统损害程度的评价有意义。     

结节性硬化症的磁共振影像学表现

目的　分析结节性硬化症TSC的MRI表现。方法　 13例经临床证实的TSC病例 ,分析其头部MRI特征性改变。结果　MRI主要征象包括 :①室管膜下结节 :13例均发现病灶 ,T1WI发现 71个 ,T2 WI 39个 ,PDWI 5 6个 ;②皮层及皮层下结节 :11例有阳性发现 ,T2 WI和PDWI各发现 114个病灶 ,T1WI 72个 ;③脑白质异常信号 :5例发现白质病变 ,T2 WI和PDWI各发现 10个病灶 ,T1WI无明确显示 ;④室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤 :仅 1例发现。结论　MRI对TSC的中枢神经系统改变敏感 ,是诊断此病的首选影像学检查方法 ,其中T1WI观察室管膜下结节敏感 ,T2 WI和PDWI观察皮层下及白质病变敏感     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.