一起柴油发电机出口开关异常跳闸的原因分析

柴油发电机作为发电厂厂用电的应急保安电源,是保证厂用电安全运行的最后一道防线.介绍了柴油发电机的工作原理,结合某电厂柴油发电机出口开关异常跳闸的案例,分析了柴油发电机带载试验时出口开关异常跳闸的原因,并提出了优化建议.     

液化天然气(LNG)-柴油双燃料汽车的开发

阐述了液化天然气(LNG)—柴油车的总体设计方案，主要是在保留原机的所有结构和柴油燃烧工作方式不变的前提下，增加了一套LNG供气系统和柴油—天然气双燃料电控喷射系统。系统既可以在柴油—LNG双燃料状态下工作，也可以在全柴油状态下工作，双燃料的工作状态由电子转换开关控制。试验表明天然气替代率高迭84％，经济效益和环保性能突出。     

甲醇／柴油双燃料发动机工作区域的试验研究

在TY1100单缸柴油机的进气管上安装了电控甲醇喷射装置,采用柴油引燃甲醇双燃料工作模式,开展了甲醇/柴油双燃料发动机工作区域的试验研究.结果表明:双燃料发动机存在由熄火界限、工作粗暴界限和碳烟排放界限三者组成的工作区域.在此区域内,甲醇/柴油双燃料发动机的万有特性曲线中最经济区域位于发动机中高转速和中高负荷区,且随着引燃柴油量的增加向发动机高转速区域移动.随着甲醇质量分数的增加,发动机Nox和碳烟排放可以同步降低.     

柴油／LPG双燃料发动机工作性能的实验研究

由6110A柴油机改装的柴油／LPG双燃料发动机,在燃用LPG／柴油双燃料和纯柴油两种情况下,进行了相应工况点的对比试验,得出了有关双燃料发动机的动力性,经济性和排放等工作性能的结论。     

生物柴油对直喷式柴油机燃烧和排放的影响

列举了生物柴油的基本物化特性。介绍了生物柴油对直喷式柴油机燃烧和排放的影响。相比普通柴油,燃用生物柴油可以减少CO、CO_2、SO_2、HC、微粒以及碳烟的排放且不会影响柴油机工作性能。采用EGR、乳化油、多次喷射及微粒捕捉器等措施可以进一步降低使用生物柴油的微粒和NOx排放。生物柴油作为一种可再生的替代能源,以其良好的环境效应受到越来越多的关注。     

重油柴油发电机组的计算机监测系统

重油柴油发电机组的工作情况复杂、燃烧状况多变。相对于轻油柴油发电机组来说,对重油柴油发电机组进行监测要采集更多、更全面、更实时的参数,特别是要额外监测重油柴油发电机组中供油单元共有回路的粘度、流量、温度、压力。为克服几种不同监测方案存在的相关问题,本文提出了一种新的重油柴油发电机组监测系统。     

内燃机车在寒冷地区使用0号柴油的管理措施

对寒冷地区内燃机车使用0号柴油存在的问题与解决办法进行讨论.叙述了0号柴油在机车上工作条件的改善及低温流动性的调节.对0号柴油加入降凝剂的试验和成本核算做了介绍.     

柴油与生物柴油不同长径比喷嘴内空穴流动的试验

在柴油机透明喷嘴内部空穴流动可视化试验台上,基于高速数码摄影和长工作距离显微成像技术,研究了不同长径比结构的透明喷嘴内柴油和生物柴油的空穴流动特性及其对喷雾的影响,分析了空化初生和水力柱塞流出现的临界点及水力柱塞流出现过程中的流动能量损失问题.研究表明:柴油和生物柴油的空穴流动形态相似,但生物柴油比柴油难发生空化,单相流阶段,柴油的流量系数高于生物柴油,空穴发展到一定阶段,生物柴油的流量系数开始高于柴油.喷孔长度越长,空化和水力柱塞流现象越难出现,在长径比结构为8的喷嘴中没有出现水力柱塞流现象.且水力柱塞流出现的瞬间,柴油的流量系数下降程度比生物柴油大,即能量损失大.     

生物柴油-柴油发动机放热规律模拟计算研究

进行生物柴油-柴油发动机的放热率仿真计算研究,基于AVL BOOST发动机工作过程仿真软件,根据DL190-12柴油机的实物结构测量参数,对每循环供油量、平均机械损失等参数进行测算,对柴油中掺混25%生物柴油的柴油-生物柴油混合燃料的热值和理论空燃比进行估算,建立了生物柴油-柴油发动机的准维工作过程模型。利用生物柴油-柴油发动机模型对发动机的气缸压力、温度、放热峰值等性能进行计算,并与纯柴油的放热特性对比分析。结果表明,相比柴油机燃用纯柴油,柴油机掺烧25%生物柴油时气缸内最高爆发压力、温度和放热峰值稍低,最大降幅分别在3%、5%、6%以内。     

CF3000CB型柴油发电机组在发电领域的应用

介绍了CF3000CB型柴油发电机组的主要组成部分,针对各组成部分的结构特点、工作原理做了详细分析;阐述了CF3000CB型柴油发电机组在发电领域的应用。     

新型乳化柴油喷雾特性的试验研究

通过定容弹模拟乳化柴油喷雾形成的全过程,采用高速摄影记录了不同喷油压力、喷油背压以及喷油脉宽下乳化柴油喷雾的形成过程,从喷雾锥角、贯穿距以及锋面速度3个方面对乳化柴油的喷雾特性进行了试验研究,结果表明:乳化柴油的喷雾特性与柴油基本一致,喷油压力对乳化柴油喷雾锥角和贯穿距的影响较大,喷雾背压和喷油脉宽对乳化柴油喷雾贯穿距...     

代用燃料在柴油机中的应用研究

本文对植物油,生物柴油,乳化油,乙醇/柴油等的制备和理化特性进行了研究.通过柴油机台架试验,研究了柴油机燃用生物柴油、乙醇/柴油、微乳燃油的排放特性.对比试验表明:生物柴油CO,碳氢(HC)和颗粒物(PM)的比排放下降幅度分别为34.6％,40.2％和28.9％,但NOx比排放增加了6.63％;柴油机燃用乙醇/柴油时,...     

柴油-乙醇混合燃料直接在柴油机上使用的试验研究

阐述了进行柴油－乙醇混合燃料研究的必要性，对柴油、乙醇的主要理化性能进行了对比分析，利用添加剂解决了柴油与乙醇混合时由于存在分层现象而不能在柴油机上直接使用的关键问题，并根据筛选出的添加剂进行了柴油、乙醇的混合试验，得到了可直接用于柴油机的柴油－乙醇混合燃料(DEF)，为在柴油机上直接燃用DEF提供了理论依据。在X195型柴油机上不改变原机结构的条件下，分别使用纯柴油和DEF进行了负荷特性和排烟性能的台架对比试验。结果表明：在柴油机上直接使用DEF是完全可行的；与使用纯柴油相比，燃用DEF时，柴油机的冷启动性不变，燃料经济性、热效率均有所提高，排烟度降低。     

A survey of the automotive diesel quality in the Athens area

One of the most fuel‐efficient engines available is the diesel engine. It is the engine of choice for the commercial and heavy‐duty transportation industry. Increasingly stringent legislated exhaust emission levels are driving improvements in both engine technology and fuel quality around the world. This paper presents the results of a survey in automotive diesel samples obtained from service stations in the Athens area. For this purpose 112 fuel samples were randomly collected from several service stations during the period from April 1998 until June 1999. These samples are representative of the automotive diesel distributed in the Athens area from all the oil companies operating in Greece. The laboratory examination involved the analysis both for any adulteration with the cheaper domestic heating diesel or marine diesel, and for some key properties of the automotive diesel. The ASTM standard methods were applied for the determination of the sulphur and nitrogen content, the density at 15°C, the Cetane index, the kinematic viscosity at 40°C and the distillation properties of initial boiling point of the fuel (IBP), 10 per cent volume of the fuel (D₁₀), 50 per cent volume of the fuel (D₅₀), 90 per cent volume of the fuel (D₉₀) and the final boiling point (FBP). The results indicate that there is a large fluctuation in the fuel properties among the oil marketers. Forty‐six samples were found to be adultered with the cheaper diesel (domestic heating or marine diesel fuel) during the sampling period. This means that more than 40 per cent of the automotive diesel distributed in Athens, suffers from some degree of adulteration. One sample was found to be outside the current specifications of density maybe due to contamination with white spirit. The fuel adulteration problem is associated with environmental pollution, problems in engine performance and tax losses. It is a common problem not only to the European countries but practically for every nation in the world. The European Union expressed recently its concern on this issue, mandating that by the year 2002 all the member states will promote the development of a uniform system for fuel quality monitoring. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of Biodiesel Fuel Obtained from Waste Cooking Oil

Abstract

In this study, usage of methyl ester obtained from waste cooking oil (WCO) is evaluated as an alternative energy source. Potential of obtained biodiesel from WCO in the World and Turkey was determined. Physical and chemical properties of methyl ester were determined in the laboratory. The methyl ester was tested in a diesel engine with turbocharged, four cylinders and direct injection. Obtained results were compared with No. 2 diesel fuel. In addition, if WCO is evaluated as biodiesel, environmental pollution caused by waste cooking oil diminished.     

Hydroprocessed vegetable oil as a fuel for transportation sector: A review

Renewable fuels produced from vegetable oils are an attractive alternative to fossil-based fuel. Different type of fuels can be derived from these triglycerides. One of them is biodiesel which is a mono alkyl ester of the vegetable oil. The biodiesel is produced by transesterification of the oil with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. Another kind of fuel (which is similar to petroleum-derived diesel) can be produced from the vegetable oil using hydroprocessing technique. This method uses elevated temperature and pressure along with a catalyst to produce a fuel termed as ‘renewable diesel’. The fuel produced has properties that are beneficial for the engine as well as the environment. It has high cetane number, low density, excellent cold flow properties and same materials can be used as are used for engine running on petrodiesel. It can effectively reduce NOx, PM, HC, CO emissions and unregulated emissions as well as greenhouse gases as compared to diesel. The fuel is also beneficial for the after-treatment systems. Trials in the field have shown that the volumetric fuel consumption of renewable diesel is higher than petrodiesel and nearly proportional to the volumetric heating value. The present review focuses on the hydroprocessing technique used for the renewable diesel production and the effect of different parameters such as catalyst, reaction temperature, hydrogen pressure, liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) and H₂/oil ratio on oil conversion, diesel selectivity, and isomerization. The review also summarizes the effect; renewable diesel has on combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine.     

运用中柴油机油的分析及化验意义

分析了柴油机油在使用过程中的污染变质问题,说明运用中柴油机油化验分析的意义,并提出实际应用中存在的问题及建议。     

X4105油冷柴油机活塞热负荷研究

本文全面研究了X4105柴油机采用油冷技术后铝活塞的热负荷状况,提出了“钻孔活塞+喷油冷却”的方案,较好地解决了油冷柴油机铝活塞热负荷过高问题,为小型车用柴油机采用油冷技术奠定了基础。     

天然气替代柴油率对双燃料发动机排放的影响

天然气／柴油双燃料发动机的排放能受各种因素影响和制约,在引燃油的供油提前角变化对发动机排放性能影响的基础上,进行天然气替代柴油率对双燃料发动机排放性能的影响试验研究,结果表明,在相同条件下和适当的天然气对柴油替代率范围内,随天然气替代柴油率的变化,发动机排放物中ＴＨＣ最大相差为４５％;ＣＤ相差为４０％;ＮＯｘ相差６７％,根据发动机的排放性能和发动机的动力性,经济性及机械性能综合考虑得出了在试验机型     

柴油机新型含氧燃料研究现状及进展

柴油机含氧燃料作为柴油的替代品和添加剂,可有效减少机动车尾气排放,缓解对石化燃料的依赖。因此,开发柴油机新型含氧燃料有着环保和节能的双重意义,是近年来研究热点。综述了国内外液态醚类燃料、醚酯类燃料、生物柴油等新型含氧燃料及其研究进展,介绍了它们的排放性能。