河南洛宁县石龙山多金属金矿区土壤热释汞测量及找矿预测

遵循由已知推测未知的原则,在河南洛宁县石寨沟已知矿体剖面进行标准样品的最佳热释温度测试可行性实验。共采集21件土壤样品,以热释汞的峰值为标准并结合已知矿体剖面地质情况,找出土壤热释汞的最佳热释温度测试条件。通过土壤热释汞赋存分析,明确汞的赋存形态主要为硫化物(HgS)。通过热释温度可行性试验,结合Au,Cu,Pb,Zn元素进行特征分析,260℃的土壤热释温度下能清晰的指示矿体的赋存位置,并且伴随有显著的Au,Cu,Pb,Zn异常,在PMID18号点,260℃的土壤热释温度下汞含量为9.121 8×10~(-9),地电提取金质量分数为12.33×10~(-9),土壤次生晕金质量分数为43.49×10~(-9)。经过不同热释放温度变化区间可行性试验,可知在260℃~650℃与260℃~320℃具有相似的变化趋势,均能反映已知矿体剖面的位置,与热释温度可行性试验具有相似的结果。对河南省洛宁县石龙山多金属金矿区黄土覆盖未知区域土壤样品的释放形态新做了260℃和650℃两个温度条件下异常分布特征对比,这两个温度条件下在未知区域平面异常的分布具有相似性。该方法实验结论:金矿的形成伴生汞且与硫化物成因有关。结合地质背景对该区进行找矿预测,圈定Ⅰ类找矿靶区、Ⅱ类找矿靶区、Ⅲ类找矿靶区各一个,为河南省洛宁县石龙山黄土覆盖区寻找隐伏金矿明确了方向。     

西藏隆子县邦卓玛矿区土壤热释汞测量法找金矿研究

通过应用DMA-80测汞仪对西藏邦卓玛矿区0线剖面采集的土壤样品进行不同温度测试,对比得出热释温度区间280℃~330℃的异常曲线反映出的已知金矿体信息最佳,并选用280℃作为土壤热释汞分解温度对未知区进行找矿预测,圈定出3个有利找矿靶区,为该矿区找金矿指明方向。     

西藏隆子姐纳各普金多金属矿区常规土壤热释汞与阶梯升温式热释汞测量对比研究及找矿预测

土壤吸附相态汞测量法是一种有效的寻找深部隐伏矿体、推断隐伏构造的方法。常规Rhg测量法通过测定土壤中各相态汞的总含量,认定其为致矿异常进行找矿预测,忽略了非致矿汞异常的干扰。对此,在研究常规土壤吸附相态汞测量法基础上,提出"阶梯升温式Rhg测量法"。为进一步研究两种方法的差异性,选择在西藏隆子姐纳各普金多金属矿区已知金矿体0线剖面,进行对比实验。通过对0线剖面土壤样品测试分析,确定两种方法最佳测汞时间为150″,最佳释汞上限温度为150℃,200℃,280℃,400℃及650℃。对比两种方法在不同释汞上限温度释汞曲线与0线剖面金矿体对应情况,得出阶梯升温式Rhg测量法优于常规Rhg测量法,并选定阶梯升温式Rhg测量法150℃(Hg0),280℃(HgCl)及650℃(HgSO_4)测汞曲线为区内主要找矿标识。结合测区地质情况和阶梯升温式Rhg测量法对未知区进行找矿预测,圈定了3个有利成矿靶区,为矿区下一步找矿工作提供方向。     

热释氯法及其找金试验效果

岩石、矿物、矿石、土壤等地质样品及一些纯氯化物的氯热释谱特征表明,与成矿关系密切的金属氯化物多数是易挥发性化合物,氯的热释峰温小于650℃。在该温度条件下所获地质样品的热释氯谱,能提取到更有效的找矿指示信息。     

二连盆地额仁淖尔凹陷油气化探找矿研究

内蒙古二连地区额仁淖尔凹陷找油气前景十分广阔。在该区通过①土壤酸解烃测量;②参土壤蚀度碳酸盐测量;③土壤热释汞测量;④多土壤硫化氢测量;⑤地面伽玛能量测量;⑥土壤吸附烃测量6项化探指标测量,查明该区化学异常分布特征,并结合该区地质构造条件分析,得出了该区油气化找矿模式。     

热释汞:一种冻土区天然气水合物地球化学勘查新技术

开发地球化学勘查新技术是提高中纬度冻土区天然气水合物探井预测成功率的重要课题之一。本文选择在祁连山聚乎更天然气水合物已知区进行土壤热释汞勘查技术试验,试验区为高寒沼泽景观,面积150 km^2,采样密度2点/km^2,采样深度60 cm,采集土壤样品300件,应用测汞仪对土壤样品进行了热释汞分析。试验结果表明,土壤热释汞在天然气水合物矿藏边界出现高值异常,在天然气水合物上方是低值带,与烃类异常浓度范围一致,为串珠状异常模式,热释汞最大值为127.37×10^-9,平均值为32.59×10^-9,异常下限为39.24×10^-9。结合地质和地球化学勘查成果进行了综合解释,认为祁连山聚乎更地区热释汞异常与天然气水合物矿藏关系密切,源于深部水合物矿藏,对天然气水合物进一步调查具有重要的参考价值。     

地电化学方法在浙江江山——长台地区寻找隐伏铀矿的应用

为进一步了解地电化学集成技术寻找隐伏铀矿的成效,探寻浙江江山—长台地区隐伏铀矿找矿技术指标,解决类似区域深部找矿问题,在该地区开展以地电提取测量法为主,以土壤离子电导率、土壤热释汞测量法为辅的找矿预测研究。对地电提取U、Th、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ag、Mo、V、W共9种元素进行R型聚类分析、R型因子分析显示,Th、Pb、Zn、Mo、Ag与主成矿元素U关系最为密切,可以作为寻找类似隐伏铀矿的参考指标。地电化学异常分布特征揭示,断裂构造以及接触带为该区重要的控矿因素。根据地电提取单元素异常平面特征、因子得分异常展布情况,综合土壤离子电导率、土壤热释汞异常平面分布特征,结合研究区地质条件,在其范围内圈划出7处找矿远景区。     

内蒙古东胜地区土壤天然热释光测量的影响因素研究

土壤天然热释光方法是通过测量在地表一定深度采集的土壤样的热释光强度进行找矿的方法技术,通过大量的实验研究,总结出了内蒙东胜地区土壤样热释光测量的最佳测试条件,给该地区的土壤样热释光测量测试条件的选择提供了参考。     

汞在460、534地区的分布特征及其找铀矿的意义

本文在介绍一种新的土壤汞量测量找矿方法的同时,着重用大量的实测数据阐明汞在460铀矿床上的分布特征。汞在该矿床上部“黑矿”中的平均含量高达11430ppb,最高达193800ppb,而一般岩石中的汞含量只有数十至数百个ppb。通过对铀矿石及其主岩中的汞的热释谱分析,发现释汞主峰温度在350℃以上的中温、高温相态汞与铀矿化关系密切。铀矿床上部土壤汞晕规模大(550×350m~2),平均含量可达563ppb,最高达6080ppb,平均衬度16,最高达174。汞含量随着采样深度的加深而升高。在矿床外围测出了相似的汞晕,并进行了成矿预测。上述成果已用于生产。     

汞气测量在铜陵矿集区胡村铜钼矿深部找矿中的试验

汞气测量找矿方法是一种深穿透地球化学找矿方法。选择铜陵矿集区胡村铜钼矿进行汞气测量找矿方法可行性研究,结果表明：中酸性岩体头部、外接触带及矿体上覆土壤中具有明显的汞气和热释汞富集,对岩浆热液及隐伏矿体指示作用明显;土壤中汞气含量变化趋势对矿体埋深具有一定的指示意义,矿体头部异常明显高于中尾部;对比土壤中汞和热释汞2种测量方法,Hg异常区分度更高,指示效果更好。初步认为,在长江中下游冲洪积物覆盖区深部热液成因矿体定位阶段可以试用汞气测量找矿方法。     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Roles of xenomelts,xenoliths, xenocrysts,xenovolatiles, residues,and skarns in the genesis,transport, and localization of magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides and chromite

Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Alkaline rocks of Samchampi-Samteran, District Karbi-Anglong, Assam, India

The Samchampi-Samteran alkaline igneous complex (SAC) is a near circular, plug-like body approximately 12 km² area and is emplaced into the Precambrian gneissic terrain of the Karbi Anglong district of Assam. The host rocks, which are exposed in immediate vicinity of the intrusion, comprise granite gneiss, migmatite, granodiorite, amphibolite, pegmatite and quartz veins. The SAC is composed of a wide variety of lithologies identified as syenitic fenite, magnetite ± perovskite ± apatite rock, alkali pyroxenite, ijolite-melteigite, carbonatite, nepheline syenite with leucocratic and mesocratic variants, phonolite, volcanic tuff, phosphatic rock and chert breccia. The magnetite ± perovskite ± apatite rock was generated as a cumulus phase owing to the partitioning of Ti, Fe at a shallow level magma chamber (not evolved DI = O1). The highly alkaline hydrous fluid activity indicated by the presence of strongly alkalic minerals in carbonatites and associated alkaline rocks suggests that the composition of original melt was more alkalic than those now found and represent a silica undersaturated ultramafic rock of carbonated olivine-poor nephelinite which splits with falling temperature into two immiscible fractions—one ultimately crystallises as alkali pyroxenite/ijolite and the other as carbonatite. The spatial distribution of varied lithotypes of SAC and their genetic relationships suggests that the silicate and carbonate melts, produced through liquid immiscibility, during ascent generated into an array of lithotypes and also reaction with the country rocks by alkali emanations produced fenitic aureoles (nephelinisation process). Isotopic studies (δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C) on carbonatites of Samchampi have indicated that the δ¹³C of the source magma is related to contamination from recycled carbon.