立体视差法中距离分辨率的理论分析

推导了立本视差法中距离分辨率，探测范围，探测距离，两ＣＣＤ摄象机的间距及ＣＣＤ本身各参数之间的关系。利用这些关系可优化化立体视差法的结构参数。     

视觉测量传感器系统结构参数设计分析

依据三角法建立了基于线结构光和对称式双目立体视觉的两种典型视觉传感器坐标测量系统数学模型.通过对坐标测量模型及传感器各结构参数之间的相互关系分析,研究了线结构光视觉传感器和双目立体视觉传感器坐标测量系统结构参数及其误差对系统综合测量精度的影响关系特性.在对各结构设计参数综合分析的基础上,提出了视觉传感器坐标测量系统结构参数优化准则,并给出了线结构光视觉传感器及双目立体视觉传感器坐标测量系统结构参数的一般性设计原则与方法.     

一种提高双目视觉测量精度的逐步逼近方法

针对空间坐标对图象平面坐标的非线性光学映射关系,本文提出了逐步逼近实现３－Ｄ空间坐标计算的测量方法。该方法对摄象机的摆放姿态与双目传感器的装配精度要求较低,可去除介质折射产生的坐标计算误差。结合局部标定法,对摄象机光学系统的畸变误差进行校正。实验数据表明,在对双目传感器不提出较高要求的测量条件下,测量结果令人满意。     

双CCD视觉传感器的建模及优化设计

依据几何成象原理建立起双ＣＣＤ视觉传感器坐标的数字模型,导出其有效视场的计算公式,并分析了有效视场、坐标测量精度和传感器结构参数之间的关系。综合导出的公式及的判据,编制出相应的优化设计软件,由计算结果发现,当给定有效视场及各结构参数的测量误差值时,可寻求该传感器的最优结构布局,使坐标测量精度最佳。     

七感觉智能机器人的视觉系统

七感觉智能机器人的视觉系统，由ＣＣＤ摄象机，ＰＣ－ＶＩＤＥＯ卡，计算机及处理软件构成。用于检测识别的物体的形状，位置和姿态。还用于配合力觉和热觉传感器进行物体材质的识别。     

用“消隐点”法标定线结构光三维视觉传感器

提出了一种以线结构光为基础的三维视觉传感器，并根据所建立的数学模型，结合传感器的实际使用情况，提出用“消隐点”法对该传感器结构参数进行标定，该标定方法装置简单，速度快，在保证精度的同时简化标定的过程实验证明“消隐点”法是一种高效，实用的视觉传感器标定方法。     

摄象机参数高精度求解方法

提出了一种新的高精度的摄象机参数的求解方法，文章利用透视变换理论建立了摄象机数学模型，模型中考虑了摄象机镜头的径向畸变和切向畸变，首先利用牛顿－高斯非线性搜索方法求争摄象机畸变系数和一个中间矩阵，然后再从中间矩阵中分离出其它模型参数；     

CCD摄象机参数标定新技术

提出了一种新的高精度的摄象机光学参数及几何参数的标定方法，利用透视变换理论建立了摄象机数学模型，首先用牛顿－高斯非线性搜索方法求解摄象机畸变纱数和一个中间矩阵，然后从中间矩阵中分离出其它模型参数．     

基于线结构光的轮廓传感器的研究

自动化生产程度和产品质量的提高，对计量检测手段提出了更高的要求，视觉检测技术的发展适应了这一需求。结构光视觉系统为许多空间三维物体的检测问题提供了可行的解决办法。针对外观轮廓检测的需求，本文研究了一种基于线结构光的轮廓传感器，建立了线结构光垂直投射方式的数学模型，提出了传感器的局部校准方法参数逼近法，以及适应工厂生产环境的整体校准方法，实现了线结构光传感器轮廓传感器。实验证明，轮廓传感器的性能已达到设计要求。本传感器已用于Ａｕｄｉ—１００型轿车白车身的检测。     

线结构光传感器标定不确定度估计

分析了标定样本数据的不确定度对线结构光传感器标定精度的影响,利用矩阵扰动理论和一阶不确定度分析理论,给出线结构光视觉传感器模型中映射矩阵参数不确定度的评估方法,并建立了从标定样本数据不确定度到标定不确定度的传播模型。利用蒙特卡洛统计法进行了仿真验证,结果表明所建立不确定度传播模型的有效性,为线结构光传感器标定精度的评估提供了依据。     

Laser Doppler field sensor for high resolution flow velocity imaging without camera

In this paper we present a laser sensor for highly spatially resolved flow imaging without using a camera. The sensor is an extension of the principle of laser Doppler anemometry (LDA). Instead of a parallel fringe system, diverging and converging fringes are employed. This method facilitates the determination of the tracer particle position within the measurement volume and leads to an increased spatial and velocity resolution compared to conventional LDA. Using a total number of four fringe systems the flow is resolved in two spatial dimensions and the orthogonal velocity component. Since no camera is used, the resolution of the sensor is not influenced by pixel size effects. A spatial resolution of 4 microm in the x direction and 16 microm in the y direction and a relative velocity resolution of 1x10(-3) have been demonstrated up to now. As a first application we present the velocity measurement of an injection nozzle flow. The sensor is also highly suitable for applications in nano- and microfluidics, e.g., for the measurement of flow rates.     

Research on the application of single camera stereo vision sensor in three-dimensional point measurement

A single camera stereo vision sensor model based on planar mirror imaging is proposed for measuring a three-dimensional point. The model consists of a CCD camera and a planar mirror. Using planar mirror reflections of a scene, a picture with parallax is obtained by shooting the target object and its virtual image. This is equivalent to shooting the target object from different angles with the camera and the virtual camera in the planar mirror, so it has the function of binocular stereo vision. In addition, the measurement theory of the three-dimensional point is discussed. The mathematical model of a single camera stereo vision sensor is established, the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are calibrated, and the corresponding experiment has been done. The experimental results show that the measuring method is convenient and effective; it also has the advantages of simple structure, convenient adjustment, and is especially suitable for short-distance measurement with high precision.     

一种立体视觉测量高精度标定新方法

提出一种实现通用摄像机标定和现场高精度立体视觉传感器标定的新方法。该方法无需预先给定初始参数,而是根据投影矩阵计算摄像机参数的初始值,结合镜头畸变的标定数学模型,实现通用摄像机标定;在立体视觉传感器三维测量模型基础上,引入目标距离约束建立结构参数标定优化目标函数,从而得到使空间距离偏差最小的最优结构参数,实现传感器现场高精度标定。实验结果表明,上述方法标定精度较高,已标定传感器空间距离测量相对误差小于0.45%。     

高速高灵敏光纤传输EMCCD相机设计

针对高帧频摄像机灵敏度较低与无法远程实时传输的难题,本文采用EMCCD器件提高其灵敏度,并利用光纤通信与USB技术实现高帧频图像的远程实时传输与记录.文章详细介绍了基于EMCCD器件CCD60建立相机的一种方法.利用CPLD器件产生EMCCD控制时序及视频同步处理控制时序,采用集成器件与分立器件相结合的方式建立EMCCD垂直驱动电路,建立EMCCD工作环境;然后,采用具有CDS功能的集成器件对CCD视频信号进行数字化,获得高帧频数字图像数据;再使用CPLD器件与光传输编解码芯片结合的方式实现高速图像数据的远程实时传输,最后采用USB2.0技术实现高速数据的实时采集.系统像素分辨率128×128,最高帧频可达1 000 fps,能应用于低照度高速图像荻取场合.     

High-resolution digital holography utilized by the subpixel sampling method

A novel (to our knowledge) approach for resolution improvement in digital holography is presented in this paper. The proposed method is based on recording the incoming interference field on a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera with subpixel resolution. The method takes advantage of the small pixel size of the CMOS sensor, while overcoming the reduced fill factor. This paper describes the experimental and numerical procedures. The improvement of the obtainable optical resolution, image quality, and phase measurement accuracy are demonstrated within this paper.     

Misalignment effects of the Shack-Hartmann sensor

The Shack-Hartmann sensor uses a microlens array and a CCD camera for wave-front measurements. To obtain wave-front measurements with high accuracy, an accurate relative alignment of both is essential. The different states of misalignment of the Shack-Hartmann sensor are divided into groups and are treated theoretically and experimentally. Their effect on the accuracy of wave-front measurements is evaluated. In addition, a practical method for proper alignment of the Shack-Hartmann sensor is proposed.     

Centroid error analysis of Shack–Hartmann wave-front sensor induced by the sensitivity non-uniformity

Centroid error is the crucial limit to the performance of the Shack–Hartmann wave-front sensor. The previous studies showed that the centroid error was affected by the discrete sample, the photon noise and the readout noise of the CCD. For many special characters, a CMOS camera is also used in the Shack–Hartmann wave-front sensor. Compared to a CCD, the sensitivity of a CMOS camera is obviously non-uniform. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the centroid error induced by the sensitivity non-uniformity of pixels is presented. The theoretical results are represented and demonstrated through an experiment. The results show that the error induced by the sensitivity non-uniformity is only dependent upon the detector, and has no relationship with the other factors. For the CMOS camera mentioned in this paper, the centroid error is less than 0.015 pixels.     

科学级CCD相机在星敏感器中的设计与应用

星敏感器通过探测天球上不同位置的恒星来确定航天器的姿态。星相机是星敏感器的成像系统。虽然近年来CMOS成像技术快速发展,但在科学级成像领域,特别是星敏感器应用中,CCD技术较成熟。本文的研究目的是研究一种探测能力强、数据更新快的用于星敏感器的成像系统。文中主要研究了基于TH7888A科学级CCD传感器的星相机的设计和应用,说明了CCD工作原理,详细分析了该种CCD传感器的星等探测灵敏度,论述了CCD星相机的设计方案。并用成像实验、动态范围测试、星等探测能力实验等实验验证了所设计的相机的性能。设计的星相机可以用给定的小型光学系统在60 ms以内的积分时间探测6等星,相机可达到10帧/秒的图像数据更新频率,满足短积分时间进行快速星光成像的要求。     

动态干涉条纹的图象检测

本文介绍了利用CCD 固体摄象传感器和386微机动态测量 F—P 多光束干涉条纹的方法,介绍了实现动态检测的原理和软件设计思想,利用此原理,提出了一种微小位移的高精度动态测量方法,采用无畸变摄象物镜和精密伺服系统,相应微小位移的测试精度可达3nm—6nm(约λ/100的数量级)。