联合应用环指潜伏期差值比较法与第二蚓状肌-骨间肌法早期诊断腕管综合征

目的  探讨行环指潜伏期差值比较法联合第二蚓状肌-骨间肌法检查诊断腕管综合征的临床价值。方法  选取2014年1月-2015年5月新疆石河子市人民医院收治的腕管综合征患者69例（88侧）,均应用常规电生理方法以及环指潜伏期差值比较法、蚓状肌-骨间肌检查法检测,分别比较两种方法与传统电生理方法检出阳性率。结果  64侧临床典型病例,正中神经常规电生理异常47侧;环指潜伏期差值比较法异常53侧;蚓状肌-骨间肌法异常55侧;联合3种方法异常60侧。24侧不典型病例,正中神经常规电生理异常15侧;环指潜伏期差值比较法异常21侧;蚓状肌-骨间肌法异常20侧;联合3种方法异常22侧。结论  联合应用环指潜伏期差值比较法及蚓状肌-骨间肌法可明显提高腕管综合征检出率,值得临床应用。

     

腕管综合征30例的超声表现

目的 回顾性分析30例(40腕)腕管综合征(carpal tunnel syndrome,CTS)的超声表现,提高超声诊断CTS的认识.方法 对临床症状、体征及神经电生理均符合CTS的30例患者进行超声检查,同时对比神经电生理诊断.结果 患侧腕正中神经指1-腕、指3-腕感觉潜伏期、感觉传导速度、感觉诱发波幅与正常参考值相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);指5-腕感觉潜伏期、感觉传导速度、感觉诱发波幅与正常参考值相比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).3组在感觉潜伏期、SCV、感觉波幅3个方面差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).超声观察下40腕患腕正中神经回声均有不同程度减低,其中3腕轻度CTS超声下正中神经在屈肌支持带近端、远端及钩骨钩水平三者的横断面平均值<13mm2,余37腕正中神经在屈肌支持带近端、远端及钩骨钩水平3者的横断面平均值>13 mm2,其中有24腕伴有大鱼际肌的肌肉结构变形,有4腕伴有局限性积液.结论 超声对诊断CTS具有很大诊断价值,是对神经电生理检查结果不可缺的补充和验证,不仅能直观观察神经形态、肌肉结构,而且对正中神经卡压的局部病因和定位治疗具有补充作用.     

腕管综合征患者的神经电生理检测及临床分析应用

目的:探讨电生理检测对腕管综合征(CTS)患者的临床诊断意义。方法:分析55例CTS患者的正中神经和尺神经的感觉和运动传导速度以及小指展肌和拇短展肌的肌电图。结果:55例患者86侧神经做电生理检查,正中神经感觉传导速率及动作电位异常率分别为87.2%和94.2%,尺神经感觉传导速率及动作电位异常率分别为5.8%和12.8%,腕部刺激小指展肌和拇短展肌的DML异常率分别为2.3%和70.9%,大鱼际肌和小鱼际肌的EMG异常率分别为41.9%和4.7%,尺神经与正中神经等各项电生理检测指标的阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:正中神经的电生理检测对腕管综合征的诊断与鉴别具有重要意义。     

腕管综合征患者神经电生理检测

目的观察腕管综合征（carpal tunnel syndrome,CTS）患者神经电生理检测的临床应用价值。方法 2010-04/2013-06月就诊于本科的67例CTS患者测定环指-腕正中神经感觉及运动传导速度、潜伏期、运动波幅检测;并计算正中、尺神经感觉潜伏期差值。结果 67例CTS患者正中神经感觉传导异常75侧（88.2%）,潜伏期延长79侧（92.9%）,波幅降低33侧（38.8%）,15侧未引出感觉诱发电位（17.6%）。运动传导异常20侧（23.5%）,潜伏期延长25侧（29.4%）,波幅降低22侧（25.8%）。CTS患者正中神经感觉传导各项及运动传导潜伏期与正常对照组比值有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）;CTS环指正中/尺神经感觉动作电位潜伏期差异常率98.2%;亦有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论正中神经感觉、运动传导可作为腕管综合征诊断的重要指标,且正中、尺神经感觉潜伏期差可作为腕管综合征诊断的敏感指标,可提高腕管综合征的诊断率,减少误诊率。     

神经电生理检查在22例腕管综合征患者中的应用

目的:对比分析腕管综合征(carpal tunnel syn-drome,CTS)患者的神经电生理特征。方法:对临床症状、体征符合CTS的22例患者进行正中神经和尺神经的运动与感觉传导速度测定,以及大鱼际肌、小鱼际肌的肌电图检测。结果:在22例患者中,双侧上肢均有病变者7例,单侧上肢病变者15例,共有29侧上肢病变。22例CTS患者中29条正中神经感觉传导潜伏期均延长,29条正中神经感觉传导速度均减慢,21条正中神经感觉诱发波幅降低,28条正中神经运动远端潜伏期延长,28条正中神经的复合肌肉动作电位波幅降低,1条正中神经运动远端潜伏期和诱发波幅正常。19块正中神经支配的大鱼际肌呈神经原性损害。结论:神经电生理检查在CTS的诊断与鉴别诊断中具有重要价值。     

腕管综合征91例电生理诊断

目的:探讨神经电生理检测对腕管综合征的诊断价值。方法:对91例(131侧)腕管综合征患者作神经传导速度(NCV)和肌电图检测分析,并与正常值对比。结果:131侧正中神经中6侧运动神经动作电位、7侧感觉神经动作电位消失;95侧正中神经运动传导速度腕部潜伏期(DML)延长;114侧正中神经感觉传导速度减慢、波幅降低。47块拇短展肌见有失神经电位。其中,拇指～腕段感觉神经传导速度减慢是最敏感的指标。结论:神经电生理检查在腕管综合征诊断中有重要意义。     

腕管综合征的电生理诊断

目的:探讨神经电生理检测对腕管综合征的诊断价值。方法:对91例(131侧)腕管综合征患者作神经传导速度(NCV)和肌电图检测分析,并与正常值对比。结果:131侧正中神经中6侧运动神经动作电位、7侧感觉神经动作电位消失;95侧正中神经运动传导速度腕部潜伏期(DML)延长;114侧正中神经感觉传导速度减慢、波幅降低。47块拇短展肌见有失神经电位。其中,拇指至腕段感觉神经传导速度减慢是最敏感的指标。结论:神经电生理检查在腕管综合征诊断中有重要意义。     

手蚓状肌的神经支配和血液供应

对80侧手蚓状肌的神经支配及血液供应解剖观察的结果表明:第一、二蚓状肌分别由正中神经的第一、二指掌侧总神经支配,第三蚓状肌由正中神经的第三指掌侧总神经支配者占25%,受尺神经深支和受正中神经、尺神经双重支配者均为37.5%。第四蚓状肌全部由尺神经深支支配。蚓状肌主要由掌浅、深弓供血,占89.4%。     

掌到腕正中神经感觉传导速度在轻度腕管综合征诊断中的应用

目的：寻找诊断轻度腕管综合症敏感的电生理检查方法。方法：临床症状、体征符合CTS，正中神经运动末端潜伏期正常的患者14例（21条正中神经）和年龄性别相匹配健康对照组12例（21条正中神经）采用顺向性感觉神经传导速度（SCV）测定法分别测定指3-掌，掌-腕，指3-腕正中神经SCV。结果：掌到腕正中神经感觉传导速度（SCV）小于51．33m／s，考虑诊断腕管。在所有诊断轻度腕管综合症的研究组中，指3到腕正中神经SCV减慢的占33．3％，掌到腕正中神经SCV减慢的占100％，指3到掌正中神经SCV均在正常范围。讨论：用掌刺激和掌记录（测量距离为7—8cm）来分别检测并比较指3到掌和掌到腕段的感觉神经传导速度在鉴别轻度CTS综合症方面是一个非常敏感的方法，在怀疑CTS时此测、定可作为常规的电生理检查。     

糖尿病合并轻度腕管综合征的神经电生理研究

目的:研究糖尿病合并轻度腕管综合征(carpal tunnel syndrome,CTS)的电生理特点和早期诊断方法。方法:收集临床表现符合糖尿病合并轻度CTS的患者,行26只患手的检查。选取性别和年龄相匹配的单纯轻度CTS患者和健康人各26只手作为对照。结果:与健康对照组相比,糖尿病合并轻度CTS组和单纯轻度CTS组均正中神经末端潜伏时延长,指4正中和尺神经感觉传导峰潜伏时差值增大,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。糖尿病合并轻度CTS组正中神经运动传导速度较另外两组减慢,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。在糖尿病合并轻度CTS组与单纯轻度CTS组,正中神经指4的感觉传导速度均明显低于指3的感觉传导速度,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:糖尿病合并轻度CTS与单纯轻度CTS有不同的神经电生理表现,指4正中尺感觉潜伏时对比法有助于轻度CTS(糖尿病与非糖尿病)的早期诊断。     

Carpal tunnel syndrome: a retrospective analysis of 262 cases and a one to one matched case-control study of 61 women pairs in relationship between manual housework and carpal tunnel syndrome

Objectives　To get a more comprehensive recognition about carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), especially the manual housework as its risk factor, and to facilitate early diagnosis and proper treatment. Methods　262 CTS patients (396 CTS hands) were analyzed retrospectively. A 1∶1 matched case-control study of 61 woman pairs in relationship between manual housework and the occurrence of CTS was carried out. Results　In 262 CTS patients, 84% were female, and the dominant hand was more frequently affected; repetitive and forceful movement of the hand and wrist might be associated with CTS. Typical clinical manifestations include pain and paresthesia in the median nerve territory, but 75.3% of our 396 CTS hands had all five digits involved. Conduction abnormalities appeared selectively in the median nerve distal to the wrist. In the case-control study, for manual washing, rolling or kneading dough, and knitting woolen sweater, the odds ratios (OR) of CTS between high and low intensities were 3.86 (95% confidence interval 1.79-8.33, χ2=11.76, P&lt;0.01), 6.25 (95% confidence interval 2.50-15.63, χ2=15.21, P&lt;0.01) and 1.13 (95% confidence interval 0.57-2.22, χ2=0.125, P&gt;0.05) respectively; and those between long and short duration (i.e. the number of years engaging in these manual housework) were 2.33 (95% confidence interval 0.63-8.64, χ2=1.6, P&gt;0.05), 1.88 (95% confidence interval 0.81-4.38, χ2=2.13, P&gt;0.05) and 1 (χ2=0, P&gt;0.05). Conclusions　The diagnosis of CTS requires confirmation of illness history, symptoms and signs with objective electrodiagnostic tests. Manual washing and rolling or kneading dough might be associated with the onset of CTS.     

腕管综合征的临床与神经电生理分析

目的 探讨腕管综合征（CTS）的临床特点和神经电生理检测对CTS的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析33例CTS的临床特征和神经电生理检测结果.结果 33例CTS中76%为女 性患者,共有病变51侧,单侧病变15例,双侧病变18例.以桡侧3个半手指为主21只手,5个手指均有症状30只手.临床表现为手指麻木、疼痛,可向肘部和肩部放射.电生理检查正中感觉神经传导速度（SCV）异常占96%,正中运动神经潜伏期（DML）延长占66.7%,运动传导速度（MCV）异常54.9%,拇展短肌呈神经源性损害占33.3%.结论 CTS以中年女性多见,临床上以手指麻木、疼痛为主要特点,活动和甩手可使症状减轻.神经电生理检测对CTS的诊断与鉴别诊断中具有重要价值.     

Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome in a general population.

CONTEXT: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a cause of pain, numbness, and tingling in the hands and is an important cause of work disability. Although high prevalence rates of CTS in certain occupations have been reported, little is known about its prevalence in the general population. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of CTS in a general population. DESIGN: General health mail survey sent in February 1997, inquiring about symptoms of pain, numbness, and tingling in any part of the body, followed 2 months later by clinical examination and nerve conduction testing of responders reporting symptoms in the median nerve distribution in the hands, as well as of a sample of those not reporting these symptoms (controls). SETTING: A region in southern Sweden with a population of 170000. PARTICIPANTS: A sex- and age-stratified sample of 3000 subjects (age range, 25-74 years) was randomly selected from the general population register and sent the survey, with a response rate of 83% (n = 2466; 46% men). Of the symptomatic responders, 81% underwent clinical examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Population prevalence rates, calculated as the number of symptomatic responders diagnosed on examination as having clinically certain CTS and/or electrophysiological median neuropathy divided by the total number of responders. RESULTS: Of the 2466 responders, 354 reported pain, numbness, and/or tingling in the median nerve distribution in the hands (prevalence, 14.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13.0%-15.8%). On clinical examination, 94 symptomatic subjects were diagnosed as having clinically certain CTS (prevalence, 3.8%; 95% CI, 3.1%-4.6%). Nerve conduction testing showed median neuropathy at the carpal tunnel in 120 symptomatic subjects (prevalence, 4.9%; 95% CI, 4.1%-5.8%). Sixty-six symptomatic subjects had clinically and electrophysiologically confirmed CTS (prevalence, 2.7%; 95% CI, 2.1%-3.4%). Of 125 control subjects clinically examined, electrophysiological median neuropathy was found in 23 (18.4%; 95% CI, 12.0%-26.3%). CONCLUSION: Symptoms of pain, numbness, and tingling in the hands are common in the general population. Based on our data, 1 in 5 symptomatic subjects would be expected to have CTS based on clinical examination and electrophysiologic testing.     

超高频剪切波弹性超声成像检测正中神经改变对腕管综合征的诊断价值*

目的?探讨超高频剪切波弹性超声成像检测正中神经改变对腕管综合征（CTS）的诊断价值。方法?选取2017年3月—2019年12月宁波大学医学院附属医院收治的经临床和神经电生理检查诊断为CTS的患者108例作为CTS组,另取同期该院健康体检者30例作为对照组。对两组受试者行超高频剪切波弹性超声成像检查,比较两组受试者各参数的差异,绘制受试者工作特征曲线,分析各参数对CST的诊断效能。 结果?两组二维超声结果显示,CTS组正中神经DW、CSAW值高于对照组（P?<0.05）。超高频剪切波弹性超声成像结果显示,CTS组豌豆骨水平正中神经的弹性模量均值（WEmean）、前臂区距离腕横纹上5cm处正中神经弹性的弹性模量均值（FEmean）及该平面同一目标区域内正中神经与指浅屈肌的弹性模量均值比（FRatio）高于对照组（P?<0.05）。ROC曲线结果显示,WEmean、FEmean、FRatio诊断CTS的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.830、0.768和0.752,敏感性分别为83.17%（95% CI：0.798,0.907）、79.32%（95% CI：0.712,0.856）、72.38%（95% CI：0.705,0.822）,特异性分别为78.33%（95% CI：0.831,0.916）、82.15%（95% CI：0.792,0.879）、67.29%（95% CI：0.710,0.813）。结论?超高频剪切波弹性超声成像可准确反映正中神经硬度,从而为CTS临床诊断提供一种无创、简便的方式,具有良好的临床应用价值。     

高频超声和神经传导检测在腕管综合征的检查效果评价

比较高频超声和神经传导检测（NCS）在临床诊断为腕管综合征（CTS）患者中的诊断价值。研究37例具有手部感觉症状的患者（63只手）,以CTS的临床诊断作为金标准。在支持CTS诊断方面,NCS的诊断敏感性（80％）高于超声（61％）（P=0．047）。超声对于CTS的阳性预测值为100％。NCS比超声的敏感性高,但超声阳性预测值高,可作为筛查。     

The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have carpal tunnel syndrome?

CONTEXT: History taking and physical examination maneuvers, including Tinel and Phalen signs, are widely used for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the precision and accuracy of history taking and physical examination in diagnosing CTS in adults. DATA SOURCES: English-language literature was searched using MEDLINE (January 1966-February 2000) as well as bibliographies of relevant articles. STUDY SELECTION: Studies of patients presenting to clinicians with symptoms suggestive of CTS in which findings from clearly described physical examination maneuvers were independently compared with electrodiagnostic testing. Twelve of 42 initially identified articles met these criteria and were included in the review. DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors independently reviewed and abstracted data from all of the articles and reached consensus about any discrepancies. DATA SYNTHESIS: In patients presenting with hand dysesthesias, the findings that best distinguish between patients with electrodiagnostic evidence of CTS and patients without it are hypalgesia in the median nerve territory (likelihood ratio [LR], 3. 1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-5.1), classic or probable Katz hand diagram results (LR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6-3.5), and weak thumb abduction strength (LR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4-2.3). Findings that argue against the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome are unlikely Katz hand diagram results (LR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.0-0.7) and normal thumb abduction strength (LR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.4-0.7). Several traditional findings of CTS have little or no diagnostic value, including nocturnal paresthesias; Phalen and Tinel signs; thenar atrophy; and 2-point, vibratory, and monofilament sensory testing. Other less commonly used maneuvers, including the square wrist sign, flick sign, and closed fist sign, require validation by other studies before they can be recommended. CONCLUSIONS: Hand symptom diagrams, hypalgesia, and thumb abduction strength testing are helpful in establishing the [corrected] electrodiagnosis of CTS. The utility of these results is limited, however, by problems inherent in using nerve conduction studies as a criterion standard. JAMA. 2000.     

腕管综合征关节镜下手术与开放手术的疗效比较

目的通过比较开放松解术和内窥镜下松解术治疗腕管综合征的效果,探讨两种方法的优劣.方法前瞻性随机选取2000年4月～2002年8月北京协和医院门诊收治的40例(47侧)特发性腕管综合征患者,开放切开松解17例(21侧),关节镜下松解23例(26侧),评价患者的主观症状缓解、并发症以及手术、住院、重返工作时间.结果关节镜下松解组与开放松解手术组的临床症状缓解、肌电图以及并发症发生率等方面差异均无显著性,而关节镜下松解组的手术瘢痕压痛出现率、手术时间、住院时间以及重返工作时间均明显少于开放松解手术组(P＜0.01).结论内窥镜下腕管松解具有瘢痕压痛小、住院时间短、功能恢复早、安全、患者满意度高等优点,是治疗特发性腕管综合征的有效方法.     

MR扩散加权神经成像技术对腕管综合征的诊断价值

目的 通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)比较高频超声、磁共振扩散加权神经成像技术(DW-MRN)对腕管综合征(CTS)的诊断价值。 方法 选取2014年2月至2015年8月CTS患者14例(17只手腕,CTS组)和健康志愿者13例(正常对照组,19只手腕)。两组行DW-MRN扫描,由2位阅片者独立测量腕管内豌豆骨水平正中神经的表观扩散系数(ADC),并同时行高频超声测量横截面积(CSA)。采用Student t检验检测CTS组和正常对照组腕管内正中神经CSA 和ADC值的差异,并进行ROC分析。 结果 CTS组与正常对照组腕管内正中神经CSA 和ADC值差异有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。CTS组CSA的ROC曲线下面积较ADC值高(AUC>0.8),两者诊断效能差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 DW-MRN对CTS具有较好的诊断效能,与目前临床公认的高频超声诊断效能相当。     

高频超声测量腕横韧带厚度对腕管综合征的临床辅助诊断价值

目的：评价高频超声对诊断腕管综合征（carpal tunnel syndrome, CTS）的价值及意义。方法：选择48例（单侧）CTS患者,用高频超声测量钩骨钩水平的腕横韧带厚度,所有病例均行腕管切开减压术,术中直视下采用游标卡尺测量钩骨钩水平的腕横韧带厚度,评价高频超声测量腕横韧带厚度的准确性。采用受试者工作特征曲线 （receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC）分析其测定腕横韧带厚度的诊断阈值,计算敏感性与特异性,探讨超声检测CTS患者腕横韧带于豌豆骨及钩状骨位置的厚度与神经传导检测的相关性。结果：在钩骨钩采用超声和术中测量CTS患者的腕横韧带,分别为(0.42±0.08) cm和(0.41±0.06) cm,两者差异无统计学意义（t=0.672, P>0.05）,表明超声可准确测量腕横韧带。钩状骨水平腕横韧带厚度与神经传导取最佳截点0.385 cm,灵敏度为0.775,特异度为0.788。豌豆骨水平腕横韧带厚度的最佳截点为0.315 cm,灵敏度为0.950,特异度1.000。豌豆骨及钩状骨位置处腕横韧带的厚度与腕-示指感觉神经传导速度（sensory nerve conduction velocity, SCV）、腕-中指SCV均呈负相关性。结论：高频超声测量腕横韧带厚度协助诊断腕管综合征可能是一种有价值的方法。