有线电视系统的互调失真对数字信号传输的影响

在有线电视（CATV）等多频道信号的传输系统中,由于传输机器上用的激光二极管（LD）和放大器等的非线性会产生互调失真。关于这种互调失真对数字调制信号传输特性的影响迄今还不太明确。本报告是为了明确传输系统产生的干扰波（互调失真＋热噪声）与误码率（BER）特性的因果关系,对干扰波的振幅分布及其对数字调制信号的干扰特性进行了测量：其次对干扰波的振幅分布用计算机进行模拟,从而揭示出其模拟结果与测量结果的一致性。由此对以下三点得到了明确：1含有互调失真的干扰波的振幅分布,园在某振幅范围内与正规分布有所偏离。所以,对误码率（BER）的影响仅对干扰波功率的总和才能评定。2干扰波的振幅分布不仅随干扰波的功率不同而异,而且随互调失真的类别（2次失真、3次失真）失真发生源的波数及载噪比（C／N）的不同而变化。3．由干扰波振幅分布的测量结果可以推算调制信号的误码率（BER）。     

FSO通信系统中振动的影响

在FSO通信系统中，装置平台的振动对FSO通信系统的误码率有很大的影响，而误码率又直接决定了FSO系统的通信质量。本分析了当发射光束为高斯光束时，振动对FSO系统误码率的影响。研究发现，装置平台振动的振幅、FSO系统的通信距离对误码率的影响相当大，FSO系统所选用的波长对误码率基本上无影响。     

相干光码分多址系统中拍频噪声的影响

随着相位编解码器关键技术的突破,精确分析相位编码光码分多址(OCDMA)系统误码率性能显得十分必要.本文研究了相干光码分多址系统中拍频噪声、多址干扰、散粒噪声和热噪声对系统性能的影响.在充分考虑了干扰信号输入光偏振影响的情况下,根据系统噪声和干扰的矩母函数.采用高斯近似的方法得到误码率的计算公式,并比较了多址干扰和拍频噪声对系统性能的影响.当所有干扰用户与目标用户平行时得到误码率上界;当所有干扰用户与目标用户垂直时得到误码率下界;干扰用户随机偏振时的误码率介于两者之间.结果表明:拍频噪声是影响相干OCDMA系统性能的主要因素;随着接收光功率的增加,干扰信号偏振对系统误码率的影响趋于明显.当系统误码率小于10-10时,误码率随用户数目的增加迅速增加;当误码率大于10-10时,误码率随用户数目的变化缓慢.     

大气湍流对激光通信系统的影响分析

大气湍流是影响大气激光通信系统性能的主要因素之一。在忽略光通信系统中的其它噪声且仅考虑 由大气湍流引起的系统误码率的情况下,对激光信号在大气湍流中斜程传输时的通信系统误码率(BER)、信噪比(SNR)与 对数振幅起伏之间的关系进行了研究;依据ITU--R公布的随高度变化的大气结构常数模型,用FORTRAN对信噪比和误码率在 不同波长与不同天顶角的条件下随高度的变化情况进行了数值模拟。结果表明,当传输高度相同时,用长波激光和较小的天顶角 进行斜程传输,可以有效地减小系统的误码率和增加系统的信噪比,从而提高激光的通信质量。     

电子产品正弦机械振动试验

正弦振动试验是用来确定产品能否经受预定振动条件,保证产品正常工作的有效试验方法。正弦振动的严酷等级由振动频率范围、振幅值(或加速度)、振动持续时间三个参数确定。     

压电效应对多层陶瓷电容器放电性能的影响

为研究压电效应对多层陶瓷电容器放电性能的影响,搭建了放电周期可调的电路平台和基于光学多普勒效应的高精度振动测量平台。研究了陶瓷介质压电特性,电容在不同放电周期、不同加载电压下的振动状态和放电特性,以及失效放电周期和厚度的关系。结果表明,陶瓷介质具有压电效应,放电时,介质按交流电场频率规律振动,当振动频率与电容固有谐振频率一致时,激发机械共振,且振动幅度随电压增大而增大,当振动产生的应变超过介质承受极限时,介质开裂,导致击穿失效。失效放电周期随电容厚度增大而增大,呈线性关系。     

裂缝宽度对探地雷达波场影响的对比分析

通过理论分析、数值模拟和物理模拟实验,研究了地下隐蔽垂直裂缝宽度不断扩展时,裂缝顶部散射波振幅的变化规律.研究表明:1)当裂缝宽度小于第一菲涅尔带直径时,采用探地雷达图像无法直接确定裂缝宽度.但裂缝顶部散射波振幅随裂缝宽度变大而增强,特别是当裂缝宽度小于二分之一第一菲涅尔带直径时,裂缝宽度与裂缝顶部散射波振幅成近似线性关系;2)当裂缝宽度约等于第一菲涅尔带直径时,振幅达到极大值;3)超过第一菲涅尔带直径后振幅逐渐衰减,然后趋于一个稳定值,此时从探地雷达图像可以直接识别裂缝宽度.研究成果可用于识别地下隐蔽裂缝及定量估计裂缝宽度.     

加性信号调制下色关联噪声驱动的单模激光的光强关联时间

采用线性化近似,计算了加性信号调制下色关联噪声驱动的单模激光增益模型的光强关联时间T,发现当两噪声间关联程度λ为正时,T-D和T-I0曲线中出现极大值(即出现共振);当λ为负时,T-D曲线中出现极小值(即出现抑制),T-I0曲线出现两个极值(一个极小值一个极大值);当λ为零时,T随量子噪声强度D和定态光强I0的增加而单调增加.另外,无论λ取何值,T随周期信号振幅A和衰减系数γ的增大都单调减小.同时通过研究周期信号频率Ω和噪声互关联时间τ3对T-D、T-I0、T-A以及T-γ曲线的影响,发现Ω的取值对这四种曲线的影响不大,而τ3的取值对T-D、T-I0和T-A曲线的影响较大,对T-γ曲线的影响较小.     

导模共振滤光片表面镀膜对其物理特性的影响

为了研究亚波长光栅表面上薄膜的生长特性,以及镀膜对亚波长光栅物理特性的影响,对亚波长正弦槽形光栅表面上镀的Au膜进行了实验研究和理论分析.实验发现,当光栅槽深为80 nm,Au膜为100 nm时,薄膜的生长是仿形生长,光栅的正弦槽形特征和周期都基本没有发生变化,但镀膜后,出现光栅的正弦占空比增加、槽的深度减小以及槽深的均匀性变差等现象.对引起这种现象的原因进行了分析.提出了由于光栅微结构而给薄膜生长带来的阴影效应现象,并分析了正弦占空比增加对导模共振滤光片光谱特性的影响.     

超声振动对摩擦系数影响的试验研究

超声振动的应用十分广泛，有关超声振动对摩擦影响的问题，已引起国内外学者的注意。该文通过自行设计的实验装置，从超声振动引起摩擦力变小这一现象入手，对超声振动减摩进行了实验研究。通过实验分析了摩擦表面在超声振动中振动振幅对摩擦系数的影响以及载荷变化对摩擦性能的影响。当超声振动振幅为5μm时，摩擦系数降低为没有振动时的10％。     

On the Passage of High-Level Pulsed Radio Frequency Interference Through a Nonlinear Satellite Transponder

Under examination in this paper is the uncoded bit error rate (BER) performance of a satellite communications system in which the modulation scheme is binary PSK, the transponder contains an arbitrary amplitude nonlinearity, and high-level pulsed radio frequency interference (RFI) is present. The RFI may be characterized as either pulsed Gaussian noise or pulsed CW, with the burst duration shorter than that of the information bit and arrivals assumed to follow a Poisson law. Of special significance is the fact that a general approach is presented for direct BER evaluations; this is in contrast to other approaches which may, for example, employ signal-to-noise ratio suppression factors. Computed results are based on arbitrarily specified RFI scenarios and the presence of one of three amplitude nonlinearities-hard limiter, clipper, or blanker. In the context of these three specific nonlinearities, performance curves demonstrate the superiority of an appropriately chosen blanker when the RFI environment is particularly severe. Comparisons between hard limiting and clipping are also made. Additional results examine performance sensitivity to information bit rate, variations in signal power, and the ratio of CW to noise content. With respect to the latter, CW effects are found to be most severe.     

Satellite data distribution in video transponder band-edge using512 Kb/s SQAM

The experimental results of a one-month system field trial using a 512 kb/s superposed quadrature amplitude modulation (SQAM) satellite transceiver are described. The impact of cochannel and adjacent channel interference on the computer-simulated and measured performance of the band-edge system is investigated, and the corresponding bit error rate (BER) is analyzed. As an example application, International Datacasting Corporation's digital audio broadcasting system is discussed. The dispersed spectrum of the video carrier interference is found to be sufficiently low in power to allow high-performance band-edge data transmission with excellent BER. The data link provided 99.8% error-free minutes over a 24-h broadcasting period with degradation to neither video picture quality nor to subcarrier services. Close to compact disc quality digital audio was delivered     

HAP-GEO-HAP全光中继放大链路模型及其误码性能

针对几何传播损耗和指向误差联合效应对空间激光链路性能的影响,研究了HAP-GEO-HAP全光中继放大链路通信模型的误码性能。建立了基于GEO卫星全光中继放大转发的高空平台激光链路通信模型,在考虑背景光辐射与放大器引入的自发辐射等因素的条件下,研究了信道衰减系数的统计特性和各类噪声的强度,获得链路模型的Q因子,推导出误码率表达式。仿真分析了在不同发射功率、抖动标准差和波束宽度等参数条件下,链路误码率与比特速率的关系。研究结果表明:当比特速率较低时,增大发射功率、降低抖动标准差或减小波束宽度,对链路误码率性能的改善程度较为明显;当比特速率大于4 Gbps时,上述措施对链路误码性能的改善程度较为缓慢。     

全双工逆向调制回复空间光通信系统性能评价

基于逆向调制反射器(MRR)的空间光通信系统因其结构紧凑、可免去链路一端的捕跟(APT)系统、功耗低等优点,是空间光通信系统研究热点之一。提出采用双波长激光发射实现全双工逆向调制回复空间光通信结构,并基于该结构对强度调制解调模式,通信距离为300 km,通信速率为1 GHz下的地面站对近地小卫星全双工通信链路进行了链路计算及通信误码率的分析。当MRR端口径为0.1 m时,通信链路余量大于5 dB,通信误码率优于10-15,满足通信链路的要求。并进一步分析了仿真结果存在的缺陷。结果表明所提出的空间光通信结构在小卫星对地面站全双工激光通信是可行的,是未来空间光通信系统发展趋势之一。     

On the general BER expression of one- and two-dimensional amplitude modulations

Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is an attractive technique to achieve high rate transmission without increasing the bandwidth. A great deal of attention has been devoted to the study of bit error rate (BER) performance of QAM, and approximate expressions for the bit error probability of QAM have been developed in many places in the literature. However, the exact and general BER expression of QAM with an arbitrary constellation size has not been derived yet. We provide an exact and general closed-form expression of the BER for one-dimensional and two-dimensional amplitude modulations, i.e., PAM and QAM, under an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel when Gray code bit mapping is employed. The provided BER expressions offer a convenient way to evaluate the performance of PAM and QAM systems for various cases of practical interest. Moreover, simple approximations can be found from our expressions, which are the same as the well-known approximations, if only the dominant terms are considered.     

电磁脉冲串作用下的数字通信电台敏感判据研究

为研究电磁脉冲串对数字通信电台的阻塞效应机理,以某型数字通信电台为受试对象,通过电磁脉冲注入试验,研究了受试电台误码率随电磁脉冲串幅值、重复间隔时间的变化规律。结果表明,随着脉冲幅值的增大,误码率先单调上升再以不同规律变化;不同脉冲重复率下受试电台的敏感误码率相差较大,敏感误码率不能用固定数值作为敏感判据,但利用敏感误码率与脉冲重复率成正比作为判据则具有较高的准确度,据此给出了受试数字电台的误码率敏感判据及试验方法,以通过部分试验数据获取任意脉冲重复率下的误码率敏感判据。     

Performance of DS/CDMA-based equatorial LEO satellite system usingturbo-codes

Improving the bit error rate (BER) performance at low elevation angles is a crucial determining factor for the capacity of any low earth orbit (LEO) satellite system. In previous work, it has been demonstrated that the BER performance of a DS/CDMA-based equatorial LEO satellite system on a downlink can be improved significantly by using satellite diversity. The authors address the issue of improving BER at low elevation angles by using turbo codes     

一种改进并行两箱预失真方法

针对现有椭圆球面波调制信号预失真方法算法复杂度高、预失真器工作效率较低的问题,结合椭圆球面波调制信号的幅值特点和功率放大器对信号非线性失真特性,引入分段处理的思想,提出了一种改进并行两箱预失真方法.通过设置阈值门限,对调制信号进行分段处理,仅对信号中大幅值分量进行处理,算法复杂度低,更易于工程实现.理论分析和仿真结果表明,当阈值门限为0.5时,与并行两箱预失真方法相比,所提预失真方法算法复杂度降低为原算法10%以下;当误比特率为10-5时,相对于未经放大器失真的调制信号,所需信噪比仅增加约0.02 dB.     

海浪对水下甚低频最小频移键控信号解调的影响

在对潜通信中,甚低频(VLF)最小频移键控(MSK)调制信号是通常使用的信号形式。由于海浪的浪高与甚低频电波在海水中的波长可比拟,所以海浪对通信的影响不可忽视。在考虑海浪和高斯噪声影响的情况下,用计算机仿真给出MSK差分解调的误码率,分析了海浪波高和信噪比对通信解码误码率的影响。     

Impact of a New TWTA Linearizer Upon QPSK/TDMA Transmission Performance

In transmitting a band-limited PSK/TDMA signal via satellite, the signal is distorted due to the nonlinearities of an earth station HPA and a satellite TWTA. To reduce the impairments due to these nonlinearities, a new TWTA linearizer, called a soft-limiter type linearizer (SL-LRZ), has been developed. The overall amplitude characteristic of a TWTA associated with an SL-LRZ is linear up to saturation and has a constant envelope beyond saturation. As to the AM/PM conversion characteristic, it has almost zero phase shift, irrespective of the operating point. The TWTA with SL-LRZ gives better bit error rate (BER) performance and less out-of-band emission (OBE) compared to cases where TWTA is operated by itself or with a conventional linearizer. In this paper, the impact of the new TWTA linearizer upon the transmission performance of a QPSK/TDMA signal is described. The transmission performance over a nonlinear satellite channel has been evaluated experimentally using a 120 Mbit/s QPSK modem and an INTELSAT V channel simulator.