叶酸受体介导的肿瘤靶向纳米递药系统

叶酸受体在上皮源性的恶性肿瘤细胞膜表面高度表达。叶酸靶向纳米递药系统具有叶酸-叶酸受体主动靶向和纳米递药系统被动靶向的双重优势,可实现化疗药物对肿瘤组织的靶向递送,有效提高药物疗效,减少毒副作用。本文就近年来研究较多的叶酸-脂质体、叶酸-树枝状聚合物、叶酸-聚合物胶束、叶酸-纳米球等叶酸受体介导的肿瘤靶向递药系统进行综述。     

纳米递药系统在三阴性乳腺癌综合靶向治疗中的应用

高度恶性肿瘤三阴性乳腺癌的治疗局限在于肿瘤细胞耐药性克隆的形成和化疗药物常规给药对正常组织的严重毒性。近年来研究显示,三阴性乳腺癌综合靶向治疗中,纳米递药系统借助纳米材料独具的理化性质,负载化疗药物、活性基因片段和免疫增强因子等,通过光热消融效应、化疗药物增效减毒作用、抑制肿瘤增殖基因作用和免疫系统激活作用,有效抑制和杀灭肿瘤细胞。纳米递药系统改变了常规化疗药物药动学特性,明显减轻药物的不良反应。本文就纳米递药系统在三阴性乳腺癌综合靶向治疗中研究进展做一简要综述。     

生物素在肿瘤靶向递药中的研究进展

运用靶向递药系统给药是目前治疗癌症的有效方法,靶向配体的选择是靶向递药的关键。生物素受体在多数肿瘤细胞表面过表达,但在正常细胞中低表达或不表达,因此,生物素可作为配体与药物载体相连,用于肿瘤靶向递药。简述生物素及生物素受体,综述生物素修饰的脂质体、胶束、纳米粒等载药系统在肿瘤靶向诊断和治疗中的研究进展,以期为相关研究开发与临床应用提供参考。     

诊断兼治疗的多功能肿瘤靶向纳米递释系统

肿瘤靶向纳米递释系统可特异性转运抗肿瘤药物至肿瘤部位发挥疗效,已成为国内外研究热点。兼具诊断与治疗的多功能肿瘤靶向纳米递释系统是近年来出现的一类新型纳米递释系统,可同时实现分子诊断试剂、抗肿瘤药物的肿瘤靶向递释,同步进行对肿瘤的诊断与治疗。本文综述了纳米递释系统的肿瘤靶向机制,以及诊断与治疗双功能系统的构建。     

脑肿瘤靶向纳米递药系统的研究进展

脑肿瘤中恶性肿瘤较为常见,脑瘤发展快、治疗难导致了较高的死亡率。采用化学药物治疗时,药物进入脑肿瘤组织必须通过血脑屏障和血- 脑瘤屏障。一些有潜力的抗肿瘤药物由于自身物理化学性质的限制,不能有效到达肿瘤。针对脑肿瘤形成和发展不同阶段的特点,目前脑肿瘤靶向递药有3 种策略：跨血脑屏障（BBB）转运递药、跨血- 脑瘤屏障（BBTB）转运递药和利用实体瘤的高通透性和滞留效应（EPR 效应）递药,已被广泛研究的纳米递药载体有脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒、聚合物胶束、树枝状聚合物、碳纳米管、聚合物纳米粒、磁性纳米粒等。控制载药纳米微粒粒径大小以及对其表面进行修饰可改善药物在体内的分布与滞留,提高化疗药物的疗效,降低毒副作用。多级靶向纳米递药系统有潜力成为治疗脑肿瘤的重要辅助方式。     

基于靶向纳米递药系统用于胰腺癌化疗中的研究现状

胰腺癌是一种恶性程度较高、诊断和治疗均较困难的消化道系统肿瘤。胰腺癌的传统化疗方案靶向性不高,治疗效率低,存在一系列的药物不良反应。近年来纳米靶向递药系统迅猛发展,为胰腺癌的治疗提供了许多的新思路。本文综述了近年来基于靶向纳米递药系统用于胰腺癌化疗的研究进展,从被动靶向、物理化学靶向、主动靶向和化疗药物的联合运载四个方面中的应用进行介绍,以期为胰腺癌的临床治疗提供新的思路和方法。     

氧化还原敏感型靶向纳米给药系统的研究进展

理想的肿瘤靶向给药系统应在肿瘤部位高度累积且快速释放药物,而在血液循环中无泄漏,利用肿瘤环境改变的氧化还原状态及细胞内外的谷胱甘肽差异,结合纳米给药系统,可实现精准肿瘤靶向。本文对氧化还原敏感型靶向纳米给药系统的原理、氧化还原敏感键及其构建方法进行了介绍,并对基于脂质体、纳米粒、纳米胶束、纳米凝胶4种载体的不同氧化还原敏感型纳米给药系统在肿瘤靶向治疗中的应用进行了分析和总结,可为肿瘤靶向给药的进一步研究提供参考。     

纳米磁靶向药物载体在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

纳米磁靶向药物载体是靶向治疗的一种载体形式,粒径在1~1000nm之间,它借助于磁场使药物载体聚集在靶部位,平稳释放药物,提高靶部位药物浓度,增强治疗效果,同时减少其它部位的药物分布,降低药物的毒副作用。该药物载体一方面具有磁靶向药物载体的一般特性,结合固定磁场或交变磁场而具有靶向性或产热性,携带化疗药物或放射性物质,能杀灭肿瘤细胞;另一方面粒径达到纳米级,并具有体内长循环等特性。本文介绍纳米磁靶向药物载体在肿瘤治疗(包括化疗、放疗、热疗等)领域的研究进展。1纳米磁靶向药物载体在肿瘤化疗中的应用纳米磁靶向药物载体能携…     

纳米载药系统逆转肿瘤及骨肉瘤多药耐药的研究进展

多药耐药是肿瘤化疗中的重要难题,多药耐药的机制复杂,目前尚无有效的治疗策略。纳米载药系统具有靶向性、载药种类多样等优点,近年来成为对抗肿瘤多药耐药的递药载体的重要研究方向。对肿瘤抑制的不同机制进行讨论,并对纳米载药系统逆转骨肉瘤多药耐药的研究进展进行综述。     

基于纳米递药系统的创新药物制剂研究

纳米技术是21世纪世界各国经济发展的驱动力之一。纳米技术在医药领域的应用极为广泛,其中最引人注目的是纳米递药系统。本期"靶向纳米递药系统的创新药物制剂设计"专题,邀请国内几位知名药剂学专家综述了靶向纳米递药系统多个研究方向的新进展。主要包括:阳离子纳米材料及其纳米递药系统的毒性;靶向纳米递药系统载体材料的设计、制备和表征;肿瘤靶向、脑部肿瘤靶向、基因靶向纳米递药系统的设计原理、构建方法和体内外效果。这些综述,较全面地反映了纳米递药系统的设计、构建、表征、实效、     

前列腺癌主动靶向药物传递系统的研究进展

目的 介绍前列腺癌主动靶向药物传递系统的研究进展。方法 查阅近年来国内外相关文献,对前列腺癌作用靶点为基础的主动靶向药物传递系统进行总结和归纳。结果 以前列腺特异性抗原和前列腺特异性膜抗原等作为靶点,应用抗体、适体或者多肽靶向修饰的脂质体、胶束、纳米粒、前体药物传递系统,可以将药物有效传递到前列腺癌靶组织、靶细胞,提高抗肿瘤药物作用效果。结论 主动靶向前列腺癌的药物传递系统具有广阔的研究和应用前景。     

Galactose-modified selenium nanoparticles for targeted delivery of doxorubicin to hepatocellular carcinoma

Galactose-modified selenium nanoparticles (GA-SeNPs) loading with doxorubicin (DOX) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy was investigated in this paper. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were modified with galactose as tumor targeting moiety to fabricate tumor-targeted delivery carrier GA-SeNPs, then doxorubicin was loaded onto the surface of GA-SeNPs for improving antitumor efficacy of DOX in HCC therapy. Chemical structure characterization of GA-Se@DOX showed that DOX was successfully loaded to the surface of GA-SeNPs to prepare functionalized antitumor drug delivery system GA-Se@DOX. GA-Se@DOX exhibited effective cellular uptake in HepG2 cells and entered HepG2 cells mainly by clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. GA-Se@DOX showed significant activity to induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells in vitro. The western blotting result indicated that GA-Se@DOX induced HepG2 cells apoptosis via activating caspase signaling and Bcl-2 family proteins. Moreover, active targeting delivery system GA-Se@DOX exhibited excellent antitumor efficacy in vivo in comparison with passive targeting delivery system Se@DOX. Histology analysis showed that GA-Se@DOX exhibited no obvious damage to major organs including heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney under the experimental condition. Taken together, GA-Se@DOX may be one novel promising nanoscale drug candidate for HCC therapy.     

RGD肽在肿瘤靶向纳米给药系统中的应用

RGD肽是一类含有精氨酸一甘氨酸一天冬氨酸(Arg-Gly-Asp)的短肽,作为肿瘤细胞或者新生血管特异表达的整合素和其配体相互作用的识别位点,可介导肿瘤的靶向治疗.抗肿瘤药物及其递送系统经过RGD肽修饰.可增加药物的肿瘤主动靶向特性,达到更有效、精确和安全的治疗.本文主要综述了RGD肽在脂质体、聚合物胶束、基因载体等...     

Antitumor and antimetastatic effects of pemetrexed-loaded targeted nanoparticles in B16 bearing mice

Using nanoparticle delivery for anticancer therapy is a potential new drug modality. We developed a novel gelatinase–stimuli nanoparticle. In this study, we studied the antitumor and antimetastasis effect of pemetrexed-loaded targeted nanoparticles and evaluated the correlation between E-cadherin expression and lung metastasis in subcutaneous xenograft model. Compared with free pemetrexed, pemetrexed-loaded targeted nanoparticles exhibited the best antitumor and antimetastasis efficacy among the four therapeutic groups. The study also indicated that there was an inverse correlation between lung metastasis and E-cadherin expression. These results showed pemetrexed-loaded targeted nanoparticles may be a potent drug for tumor therapy and our preclinical data could provide new direction for clinical therapy of malignant melanoma.     

Multifunctional silica nanoparticles for targeted delivery of hydrophobic imaging and therapeutic agents

This article reports the development of a multifunctional silica nanoparticle system for targeted delivery of hydrophobic imaging and therapeutic agents. Normally, silica nanoparticles have been widely used to deliver hydrophilic drugs such as doxorubicin while difficult to carry hydrophobic drugs. A strategy for loading hydrophobic drugs onto silica nanoparticles via covalent attachment was developed in this study as a universal strategy to solve this problem. Docetaxel, one of the most potent therapeutics for cancer treatment is selected as a model hydrophobic drug and quantum dots (QDs) are used as a model imaging agent. Such a multifunctional delivery system possesses high drug loading capacity, controlled drug release behavior and stable drug reservation. A mixed layer of polyethylene glycol conjugated phospholipids is formed on the nanoparticle surface to further enhance the biocompatibility and cell fusion capability of the delivery system. Folic acid as ligand is then conjugated onto the surface layer for targeting. Such a multifunctional system for targeting, imaging and therapy is characterized and evaluated in vitro. Fluorescent confocal microscopy is used to monitor the cellular uptake by specific cancer cells. Cytotoxicity studies are conducted by using MTT assay.     

Challenges in SN38 drug delivery: current success and future directions

Introduction: Clinical use of SN38 is limited by its poor aqueous solubility and hydrolysis of the lactone ring at pH > 6 to inactive carboxylate form. A variety of drug delivery systems have been developed to improve the solubility and stability of SN38, and reduce its toxicity. A few noteworthy formulations with some success in initial phases of clinical trials are reported.

Areas covered: This work aims to provide a comprehensive review on the various techniques and strategies employed (physical, chemical and biological methods) to improve physicochemical properties and to deliver the drug efficiently to the cancer cells. Physical methods such as nanoparticle encapsulation, cyclodextrin complexation; chemical methods such as prodrugs, polymer-, albumin- and immunoconjugates; and enzyme activated prodrug therapy are discussed.

Expert opinion: The challenges in SN38 drug delivery may be overcome by two ways: ensuring multiple layers of protection against degradation and slow but sustained release of therapeutically effective drug concentrations. It may also be achieved by preparing a polymer–drug conjugate and further encapsulating the conjugate in suitable carrier system; tumor-targeted SN38 delivery by using immunoconjugates, enzyme-activated prodrug therapy and antibody-directed nanoparticle delivery. However, selection of a suitable ligand for tumor targeting and use of safe and biocompatible nanoparticle systems play an important role in realizing this goal.     

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle 'theranostics' for multimodality tumor imaging, gene delivery, targeted drug and prodrug delivery

The superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO) 'theranostics', which contain imaging probes for tumor diagnosis and therapeutic compounds for therapy in a single nanoparticle, might provide significant benefits compared with exiting tumor imaging and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the progress of SPIO 'theranostics' that integrate tumor targeting, multimodality imaging, and gene delivery or targeted drug and prodrug delivery. This review describes various methods of SPIO synthesis, surface coating and characterization. Different tumor-targeting strategies, such as antibody fragments, nucleotides and receptor ligands, are discussed to improve SPIO delivery for multimodality imaging. We also examine the utility of SPIOs for gene delivery, siRNA delivery and imaging. Several methods for drug encapsulation and conjugation onto SPIOs are compared for targeted drug delivery, site-specific release and imaging-guided drug delivery. Finally, we also review the pharmacokinetics (including biodistribution) of SPIOs based on their characteristics.     

Nanocarriers for cancer-targeted drug delivery

Nanoparticles as drug delivery system have received much attention in recent years, especially for cancer treatment. In addition to improving the pharmacokinetics of the loaded poorly soluble hydrophobic drugs by solubilizing them in the hydrophobic compartments, nanoparticles allowed cancer specific drug delivery by inherent passive targeting phenomena and adopted active targeting strategies. For this reason, nanoparticles-drug formulations are capable of enhancing the safety, pharmacokinetic profiles and bioavailability of the administered drugs leading to improved therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional therapy. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of various nanoparticle formulations in both research and clinical applications with a focus on various chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer. The use of various nanoparticles, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, magnetic and other inorganic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer is detailed.     

主动靶向脂质体在抗肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

主动靶向脂质体给药系统可使抗肿瘤药物与靶组织结合,将药物可控性地分布于靶组织并持续缓慢释药,在提高药物抗癌效果的同时,降低了其对正常组织的不良反应。本文主要介绍了免疫脂质体、受体介导的脂质体、糖基修饰的脂质体及多肽修饰的脂质体等主动靶向脂质体在抗肿瘤研究中的进展。主动靶向脂质体给药系统将会发展为抗肿瘤药物的理想剂型,具有很好的临床应用前景。     

Design and development of ligand-appended polysaccharidic nanoparticles for the delivery of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer

Hyaluronic acid–coupled chitosan nanoparticles bearing oxaliplatin (L-OHP) encapsulated in Eudragit S100–coated pellets were developed for effective delivery to colon tumors. The in vitro drug release was investigated using a USP dissolution rate test paddle-type apparatus in different simulated gastrointestinal tract fluids. In therapeutic experiments the pellets of free drug, and hyaluronic acid–coupled and uncoupled chitosan nanoparticles bearing L-OHP were administered orally at the dose of 10 mg L-OHP/kg body weight to tumor-bearing Balb/c mice. In vivo data showed that hyaluronic acid–coupled chitosan nanoparticles delivered 1.99 ± 0.82 and 9.36 ± 1.10 μg of L-OHP/g of tissue in the colon and tumor, respectively after 12 hours, reflecting its targeting potential to the colon and tumor. These drug delivery systems show relatively high local drug concentration in the colonic milieu and colonic tumors with prolonged exposure time, which provides a potential to enhance antitumor efficacy with low systemic toxicity for the treatment of colon cancer.From the Clinical EditorIn this study, a nanoparticle system was developed to deliver oxaliplatin to colorectal tumors. In murine models, the drug delivery system showed relatively high local drug concentration in colonic tumors with prolonged exposure time, which provides a potential for enhanced antitumor efficacy with low systematic toxicity.