微波辐照后的羊毛织物结构及性能研究

利用微波技术对不同含湿量羊毛织物进行辐射,讨论了微波辐射对不同含湿量羊毛织物断裂强力、撕破强力、结晶度、白度、表面微观结构的影响,结果表明:不同含湿量羊毛织物经过微波处理后断裂强力和撕破强力总的变化趋势都是在短时间内先提高,对羊毛织物有一个增强作用,然后经过微波长时间辐射后再下降,常态织物断裂强力的变化总体呈上升趋势.干态织物和常态织物在微波辐射60 min后结晶度增加,湿态织物在微波辐射5 min后结晶度提高,但在辐射60 min后结晶度相对于原样呈下降趋势.微波处理20 min后白度明显下降,织物开始泛黄,湿态织物的泛黄随微波辐射时间的增加比干态织物和常态织物严重.微波辐射120 min后,干态织物的表面微观结构相对于原样基本没有改变,但常态和湿态羊毛织物的表面微观结构有所改变,羊毛鳞片出现裂痕,鳞片变薄,说明已被钝化.     

微波作用下棉织物结构及性能研究

采用一定功率的微波对不同含湿量棉织物进行不同时间的辐射处理,测试并分析了微波辐射对不同含湿量棉织物化学结构、表面微观结构、结晶度、断裂强力、白度的影响。结果表明,与未经处理的棉织物相比,经微波辐射8 min、60 min后棉织物的红外光谱图没有明显变化,化学结构没有明显改变;扫描电镜清晰看出,微波辐射后纤维束变得蓬松,纤维经向变得略粗,表面略呈粗糙,并且湿态织物的表面比标准状态织物损伤还严重;不同含湿量棉织物经过微波处理后断裂强力的总体变化趋势都是下降的;棉织物经过微波辐射后结晶度的变化趋势与断裂强力的变化趋势一致;不同含湿量棉织物在用微波处理20 min后白度明显下降,织物开始泛黄,湿态织物的白度下降随微波辐射时间的增加比标准状态织物白度下降要多。     

微波作用下棉织物结构及其性能研究

探讨微波作用下棉织物结构及其性能变化.采用微波对不同含湿量棉织物进行辐射,测试分析了微波辐射对棉织物断裂强力、结晶度、白度、表面结构的影响.结果表明:微波辐射对棉织物化学结构没有明显影响,但其结晶度与断裂强力总体均呈下降趋势;从扫描电镜可看出,湿态棉织物的表面比标准状态棉织物损伤严重;不同含湿量棉织物在用微波处理20 min后白度明显下降,织物开始变黄.指出:湿态棉织物较常态棉织物更易受到微波作用影响.     

微波辐射对湿态蚕丝织物结构与性能的影响

为研究微波辐射对湿态蚕丝织物物理性能、化学结构、表面形态结构及微结构的影响,采用不同的微波辐射功率和辐射时间对湿态蚕丝织物进行处理。应用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪、万能材料试验机及智能式数字白度仪分析了微波辐射对湿态蚕丝织物结构与性能的影响。研究结果表明,微波辐射功率和辐射时间对湿态蚕丝织物的力学性能、表面形态结构及微结构产生一定程度的影响,对蚕丝纤维化学结构的影响不大。     

微波处理羊毛织物染色动力学研究

采用微波对羊毛织物进行辐射处理,通过扫描电镜和x射线衍射等技术研究了处理前后羊毛纤维表面形态结构和结晶度的变化.微波辐射处理后采用兰纳素活性染料和派拉丁1:1金属络合染料对羊毛织物进行染色,在研究了处理前后纤维的染色吸附和扩散性能后,发现处理后纤维上染速率和染色扩散系数提高.微波处理破坏了羊毛纤维表面的鳞片结构,使羊毛的初始染色壁障被打破,染料容易从染浴向纤维内扩散.     

微波在壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐处理羊毛染色和抗菌整理中的应用

壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐采用微波加热固着的方式对羊毛织物进行处理,研究不同的微波辐射功率、辐射时间对整理后羊毛织物物理机械性能的影响,包括白度、断裂强力和整理剂在羊毛上的吸附率,并与传统的烘干焙烘加热固着方式进行了对比。运用扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱图对微波加热固着后整理剂壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐、交联剂柠檬酸与羊毛之间的交联机理进行了分析,与传统的烘干焙烘加热固着的交联程度进行了对比。采用微波加热固着方式和传统的烘干焙烘加热固着方式用壳聚糖双胍盐酸盐对羊毛织物进行处理,对比了2种不同加热方式处理后羊毛织物的染色性能和抗菌性能。     

微波焙烘法在羊毛抗菌中的应用

壳聚糖单胍盐酸盐采用微波焙烘固着的方式对羊毛织物进行处理,研究不同的微波辐射功率、辐射时间对整理后羊毛织物物理机械性能包括白度、断裂强力和整理剂在羊毛上吸附率的影响,并与传统的烘干焙烘加热固着方式进行了对比。采用元素分析对壳聚糖单胍盐酸盐处理羊毛前后的氮含量变化进行了测定。运用扫描电子显微镜和傅利叶变换红外光谱图对微波焙烘固着后整理剂壳聚糖单胍盐酸盐,交联剂柠檬酸与羊毛之间的交联机理进行了分析,与传统的烘干焙烘加热固着的交联程度进行了对比。采用微波焙烘固着方式和传统的烘干焙烘加热固着方式将壳聚糖单胍盐酸盐对羊毛织物进行处理,对比了两种不同方式处理后羊毛织物的抗菌性能。     

壳聚糖胍盐酸盐的制备及其在羊毛织物抗菌整理中的应用

采用微波辐射技术,以壳聚糖胍亚硫酸盐和浓盐酸为原料,合成了一种壳聚糖胍盐酸盐抗菌剂,通过红外光谱和核磁谱图对其结构进行表征。将壳聚糖胍盐酸盐用于羊毛织物的抗菌整理,通过研究整理剂质量浓度、焙烘温度、焙烘时间对整理后羊毛织物抗菌效果和物理力学性能的影响优化整理工艺。结果表明,在微波辐射条件下成功合成了壳聚糖胍盐酸盐抗菌剂,整理剂在羊毛织物上的较佳整理工艺为壳聚糖胍盐质量浓度10 g/L,焙烘温度130℃,焙烘时间5 min。     

壳聚糖胍盐酸盐在羊毛织物抗皱整理中的应用

采用微波辐射技术,以壳聚糖胍亚硫酸盐和浓盐酸为反应原料,合成了一种壳聚糖胍盐酸盐抗菌剂,通过红外光谱进行表征,将壳聚糖胍盐酸盐用于羊毛织物的抗皱整理,研究了不同整理剂用量对整理后羊毛织物抗皱性能、断裂强力和白度的影响,优化了整理工艺。结果表明:采用微波辐射技术成功的合成了壳聚糖胍盐酸盐抗菌整理剂,综合各项性能指标,该整理剂的最佳用量为1.5%(owf),羊毛经壳聚糖胍盐酸盐整理后具有较好的抗皱效果。     

羊毛微波染色工艺与常规浸染工艺对比

为了改善传统的羊毛织物染色工艺,采用丽雅伦活性染料、兰纳素活性染料和酸性金属络合染料对羊毛织物进行轧染微波固色,利用正交试验设计考察了尿素用量、亚硫酸氢钠用量、微波辐射功率和固色时间对固着率的影响,得到了羊毛轧染微波固色的合理工艺,即微波辐射功率为700W、微波辐射时间为5min、亚硫酸氢钠用量为20g／L、尿素用量为100g／L。     

Effect of microwave curing on antimicrobial activity of chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride treated wool fabrics

An alternative microwave curing system was used for curing chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride treated wool fabric to study its effects on the antimicrobial activity of the fabric. The effects of microwave curing at different irradiation power and treatment time on the physical properties of wool fabrics and the adsorption rate of chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride on wool fabrics has been examined. Comparisons were made between conventionally cured wool fabric and microwave‐cured wool fabric treated with chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride. The influence of microwave curing on the efficiency of crosslinking was studied by using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Microwave‐cured samples showed a higher degree of crosslinking than conventionally cured samples without high losses in strength properties. Antimicrobial properties and the durability of the finish after repeated laundering results also supported the higher degree of crosslinking that occurred in microwave curing.     

Microwave-Assisted Bleaching of Wool Fabrics

Microwave irradiation was used to reduce consumption of energy and time during bleaching of wool fabrics with hydrogen peroxide. The effect of some reaction conditions; viz. hydrogen peroxide concentration, treatment time, presence of stabilizer, on degree of whiteness imparted to bleached wool, was studied systematically. Comparative study between bleaching of wool using microwave irradiation and conventional heating was undergone. The effect of bleaching of wool on its morphological structure was assigned by scanning electron microscopy. The change in some chemical and physicomechanical characteristics of bleached wool was monitored; namely whiteness index, alkali solubility, wettability, critical surface area, tensile strength, and elongation at break, of the treated as well as untreated fabrics were measured. The microwave-assisted bleaching of wool resulted in improved degree of whiteness comparable to that is obtained using conventional heating method. However, the microwave-assisted bleached wool shows lower degree of deterioration than that of conventionally bleached wool. The COD and BOD of the wool bleaching effluents were determined.     

前处理工艺对毛/涤织物疏水改性效果的影响

针对毛/涤织物中羊毛和涤纶表面没有足够的反应活性位点,难以进行化学改性,制约了毛/涤织物在超疏水方面的表现等问题,先采用紫外光照射,再用过氧化氢对毛/涤织物进行前处理,使用二氧化硅对毛/涤织物进行疏水改性,通过静态接触角测试、扫描电镜观察、羊毛Allw?rden反应实验等方法分析前处理工艺对织物疏水性能的影响。结果表明:当织物经紫外光照射后再用双氧水处理时,紫外光照射先使羊毛表面拒水性细胞膜消除,双氧水处理进一步破坏了羊毛表面的鳞片层,使羊毛表面暴露出较多的化学反应位点,因此,硅颗粒更容易沉积在羊毛表面,赋予羊毛织物超疏水特性。     

Assessment of the effect of fabric constructional parameters on surface roughness of wool fabrics

Surface roughness properties of wool fabrics are one of the important parameters of clothing quality and hand feeling. This paper presents a comparison between surface roughness characteristics of wool fabrics produced from different constructional parameters such as warp and weft yarn density, weft yarn count, and weave pattern. Roughness values of fabrics were affected by constructional parameters and the effects were related to fabric cover, fabric thickness, and crimps of yarns in fabric structure. A general overview of the results showed that surface roughness of wool fabrics decreased and the effect of changes in structural construction decreased as cover of fabrics increased.     

真空镀膜在毛织物中的应用研究

文章从真空镀膜的机理入手,通过在羊毛织物上镀铝和钛2种金属,详细比较了在经不同表面处理的羊毛织物上,分别镀不同的金属膜,织物对微波的屏蔽效果,着重分析了毛织物的表面处理程度、所镀金属、镀膜时间等影响因素;探讨了在毛织物上镀膜的特殊方法及其可行性,提出了真空镀膜在毛织物应用上具有巨大潜力.     

毛织物的抗紫外线性能评价

测试了在不同厚度、覆盖系数、组织结构和颜色时，毛织物的紫外透过率和抗紫外指数(UPF值)，分析了厚度、覆盖系数、组织结构和颜色对毛织物的抗紫外性能的影响。指出毛织物越厚，其紫外线透过率越小，UPF值愈大；覆盖系数增加，紫外线透过率减小，UPF值随之增大；在厚度和覆盖系数相同时，不同组织毛织物的抗紫外线性能由强到弱依次为缎纹组织、斜纹组织、平纹组织。深色毛织物的抗紫外线性能好，浅色的较差。随着毛织物颜色饱和度增加，其紫外线透过率相应减小，UPF值相应增加，抗紫外线性能越好。     

樟树叶天然染料的微波提取及对羊毛的染色

优化了樟树叶天然染料微波提取的条件及提取液对羊毛染色的条件.讨论了氢氧化钠用量、微波功率、辐射时间等对提取效果的影响,讨论了提取液对羊毛染色时染色pH值、染色温度、时间、硫酸钠用量等对染色效果的影响.结果表明,微波提取的优化工艺为:氢氧化钠0.25 mol/L、微波功率595 W、辐射时间11 min、料液比1∶20.提取液对羊毛直接染色的优化工艺为:染液pH值5.00左右,染色温度100℃,时间60 min,浴比1∶50.樟树叶提取液染色羊毛具有一定的牢度,媒染可适当提高染色牢度.     

季铵盐对羊毛织物的抗菌性能研究

根据羊毛分子结构的特点,采用浸渍法将季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂用于羊毛织物的抗菌整理,探讨了芳香族季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂和脂肪链季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂对羊毛织物的抗菌整理工艺,讨论了不同季铵盐分子结构、整理液pH值、季铵盐用量、整理温度和整理时间对羊毛织物上季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂吸附率的影响,并确定了较佳的抗菌整理参数.实验结果表明:经过整理的羊毛织物其抑菌率均达到90%以上,水洗15次后抑菌率仍可达到80%以上,具有良好的耐久性.     

减轻毛织物刺痒感的研究

毛织物产生刺痒感是由于粗硬毛羽对表皮下层神经末梢的机械刺激所引起的生理反应.阐述了影响刺痒感的主要因素,有角质层的硬度和皮肤潮湿程度等主体因素,温度和湿度等环境因素,纤维直径和织物结构特性等织物因素.论述了改善毛织物刺痒感的途径,如降低纤维的直径、对毛织物进行后整理、改善毛织物组织结构等.着重研究了通过织物结构设计改善毛织物刺痒感的方法,该方法成本低,可操作性强,无环境污染.     

10—THE DIMENSIONAL PROPERTIES OF SOME WOOL DOUBLE-JERSEY STRUCTURES IN RELAXATION AND LAUNDERING

The dimensional behaviour of five non-jacquard wool double-jersey structures is investigated, both in relaxation (involving tumble-drying from the wet state) and in extensive laundering (Cubex washing followed by tumble-drying).

Tumble-drying for 1 hr from the wet-fabric condition only approximates to the completely relaxed state. Some felting of untreated fabrics occurs, but the effect of tumble-drying on felting is very small. Adequately shrink-resist-treated fabrics cannot be considered completely relaxed even after two consecutive tumble-drying cycles of 1-hr duration. However, in general, this technique allows sufficient fabric relaxation for subsequent dimensional changes over extensive laundering cycles of treated fabrics to be compatible with domestic machine-washable tolerances.

The felting rates of knitted wool fabrics in laundering from the ‘fully relaxed’ condition of untreated fabrics are dependent on the cover factor and independent of fabric structure. Under no circumstances, however, can untreated double-jersey fabric be practically manufactured to such tight constructions that felting can be eliminated entirely.

The linear dimensions of shrink-resist-treated fabrics in the fully laundered state are primarily dependent on the length of yarn in the structural knitted cell. In a semi-relaxed state, linear dimensions depend to a large extent on cover factor and the degree of distortion of the fabric.