质子剂量和DNA浓度对DNA损伤的影响

利用HI-13串列加速器产生的16 MeV质子,使用凝胶电泳技术对添加和未添加甘露醇的pUC19质粒DNA溶液中DNA分子形态变化进行了观测,研究了同一剂量下不同DNA浓度及同一DNA浓度下不同剂量对DNA链断裂产额的影响.结果表明,未添加甘露醇溶液中DNA浓度效应较明显.两种体系下DNA均表现出明显的剂量响应,即分子...     

电离辐射引起的DNA链断裂损伤及其修复

DNA链断裂是电离辐射的主要生物学效应之一,单链断裂由一次击中造成,所以与辐射剂量成线性关系,双链断裂可以一次击中造成,也可由两个位置相关的单链断裂迭加而成,所以与辐射剂量成线性——平方关系。已有各种理化方法能测定活细胞内的单链断裂和双链断裂数。细胞具有修复DNA链断裂的能力,但其机制远不如切除修复机制那么清楚。未修复的链断裂是致死的,被修复的单链断裂完全恢复DNA的正常结构与功能,被修复的双链断裂的生物学效应如何还不清楚。剂量率对辐射的生物学效应有重要影响。     

香兰素衍生物VND3207对γ射线照射人淋巴母细胞基因组损伤和凋亡的保护作用

采用单细胞凝胶电泳、微核实验、Annexin Ⅴ标记结合流式细胞术、双荧光染色结合荧光显微镜观察等方法,分别检测不同浓度的VND3207对60Co γ射线照射人淋巴母细胞AHH-1基因组损伤和凋亡的防护作用。中性单细胞凝胶电泳结果显示,5~40μmol/L VND3207能显著减轻2Gy 60Coγ射线照射AHH-1细胞的即刻DNA双链断裂损伤,其表现为与未加药组相比,VND3207保护组细胞的DNA双链断裂损伤(彗星尾矩)显著减小(p<0.01),保护效果随着药物浓度增加更明显。同样,VND3207在5~40μmol/L浓度下,能显著降低0.5Gy、1.0Gy和2.0Gy 60Coγ射线照射AHH-1细胞的微核率,且呈现良好的剂量-效应关系,其中,40μmol/L浓度作用下2.0Gy照射细胞的微核率减少40%。Annexin Ⅴ标记结合流式细胞术和双荧光染色法检测均显示,4.0Gy 60Coγ射线照射AHH-1细胞后8~48h,凋亡发生率随着时间延长而增加,40μmol/L VND3207能显著降低4.0Gy照射诱发的凋亡率及坏死率。本实验结果表明,VND3207对60Co γ射线致细胞基因组损伤和细胞凋亡...     

36 ^7Li离子辐射中直接和间接作用致pUC19 DNA损伤研究

电离辐射的直接和间接作用（自由基）可引起DNA分子的碱基损伤、链断裂（包括单链和双链断裂）和交联等多种损伤。其中，双链断裂（DSB）是辐射引起的各种生物效应中最重要的原初损伤。在液态环境下，辐射诱导产生的自由基可能是单链和双链断裂发生的主要原因。因此，建立适当的体外模式系统来研究自由基诱导单链和双链断裂的反应动力学是十分必要的。本实验利用原子力显微镜（AFM）开展了重离子辐射中直接和间接作用致DNA链断裂的反应动力学研究。     

~7Li离子辐射中直接和间接作用致pUC19 DNA损伤研究

电离辐射的直接和间接作用(自由基)可引起DNA分子的碱基损伤、链断裂(包括单链和双链断裂)和交联等多种损伤。其中,双链断裂(DSB)是辐射引起的各种生物效应中最重要的原初损伤。在液态环境下,辐射诱导产生的自由基可能是单链和双链断裂发生的主要原因。因此,建立适当的体外模式     

电离辐射诱导体外DNA链断裂机理研究进展

概述了电离辐射诱导体外DNA单链断裂（SSB）和双链断裂（DSB）的形成机理。研究结果表明，DNA链断裂产额与DNA浓度和自由基清除剂的清除有力有关。并受DNA超螺旋度的影响。DNAαDSBB除可由直接作用形成外，还可分别由单自由基传递机制和LMDS机制产生；对LET辐射，αDSB主要由LMDS机制产生，而硫醇类化合物对DNA的辐射保护作用则随其电荷态的增加而增加；由于次级自由基反应，体外DNA链断裂具有反向氧效应；非均一动力学的柱模型被广泛地应用于OH等自由基与DNA反应的理论研究。     

高LET的7Li离子致DNA损伤的直接和间接作用研究

在HI-13串列加速器加速的具有高LET值的7Li离子辐照不同浓度的pUC19质粒DNA水溶液、加自由基清除剂(甘露醇)的DNA水溶液以及干状DNA样品,利用高分辨的原子力显微镜技术,研究7Li致DNA损伤的直接作用和间接作用.结果显示,在相同剂量下,7Li离子比低LET辐射能诱发更多的双链断裂,形成更多的集团损伤,使DSB的分布更局部和更密集.对于水溶液DNA,7Li离子的水辐解产生的自由基的间接作用在DNA分子链断裂的产生方面发挥着重要作用,而且自由基清除剂甘露醇能有效地保护DNA分子.     

斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒DNA链断裂的辐射剂量响应

用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法测定了斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（ＳＩＮＰＶ）经＾６０Ｃｏγ射线辐照产生的ＤＮＡ单链和双链断裂频数，得到在１－１００ｋＧｙ剂量范围内，ＤＮＡ单、双链断裂频数与吸收剂量的关系。实验结果表明，ＳＩＮＰＶ－ＤＮＡ对γ辐射的链断裂响应可以用单靶一次击中和二次击中复合模型描述，单链断裂是一次缶中效应，而病毒ＤＮＡ的双链断裂是一次击中和二次击中事件的共同效应，其中以二次击中事件效应为主。     

低能光子致DNA链断裂的蒙特卡罗模拟研究

为研究不同类型和能量的粒子照射细胞核DNA时导致的DNA损伤等辐射生物效应,建立了DNA、染色质原子模型,并开发了纳剂量蒙特卡罗程序NASIC。该程序可模拟包括光子、电子、质子在内的多种粒子在生物介质中的作用过程,既包括物理和化学径迹结构,也包括后续的生物响应过程。使用NASIC程序模拟了~(137)Cs源、Al的K层特征X射线(Al_K)源照射哺乳动物细胞后造成的单链断裂和双链断裂产额。研究结果表明,本文使用的DNA原子模型更加接近真实结构,DNA双链断链产额计算结果与实验值吻合较好。     

UVC诱导的枯草芽孢杆菌DNA双链断裂及影响因素探讨

为探讨短波紫外线（Ultraviolet C，UVC）对枯草芽孢杆菌基因组DNA的损伤效应，探讨研究方法和材料对结果的影响，以枯草芽孢杆菌为研究材料，分别对其菌体样品及DNA样品进行不同剂量的UVC辐照，采用8h、16h、24h脉冲场凝胶电泳分离DNA片段。结果发现，16h脉冲场凝胶电泳最能反映DNA的双链断裂程度。对16h电泳图进行数据分析发现，随UVC辐照剂量的增大DNA释放百分比递增；菌体样品在辐照剂量17．8J／cm^2处其DNA双链断裂产额最大，而DNA样品的最大双链断裂产额出现在辐照剂量为72．7J／cm^2处；另外，同辐照剂量下菌体样品的释放百分比和菌体DNA双链断裂产额均高于DNA样品。结果表明，UVC诱导的枯草芽孢杆菌DNA双链断裂程度与辐照剂量及辐照样品密切相关。     

Study on DNA Damage Induced by Neon Beam Irradiation in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae was irradiated with different doses of 85 MeV/u 20Ne10+ to investigate DNA damage induced by heavy ion beam in eukaryotic microorganism. The survival rate, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and DNA polymorphic were tested after irradiation. The results showed that there were substantial differences in DNA between the control and irradiated samples. At the dose of 40 Gy, the yeast cell survival rate approached 50%, DNA double-strand breaks were barely detectable, and significant DNA polymorphism was observed. The alcohol dehydrogenase II gene was amplified and sequenced. It was observed that base changes in the mutant were mainly transversions of T→G and T→C. It can be concluded that heavy ion beam irradiation can lead to change in single gene and may be an effective way to induce mutation.     

用微孔滤膜法检测γ射线引起的哺乳动物细胞DNA双链断裂及其重接

本文改进了Bradley和Kohn测定DNA双链断裂的微孔滤膜法,并用于检测γ射线引起的中国仓鼠卵巢细胞和小鼠骨髓细胞DNA的双链断裂,得到较好的剂量曲线,证明此法重复性好,灵敏度远较中性蔗糖密度梯度离心法高。同时也证明在上述细胞中辐射所致的DNA双链断裂是能够重接的。为DNA双链断裂能够重接的论点提供了又一个实验证据。     

γ辐照对枯草芽孢杆菌营养体的损伤

选用不同剂量γ射线辐照枯草芽孢杆菌营养体,分别用细胞计数、黄嘌呤氧化及脉冲场凝胶电泳法分析了辐照后的细胞存活率、胞内SOD活性及细胞DNA双链断裂水平。研究发现,随着γ辐照吸收剂量的增大,细胞存活率不断下降;SOD活性随剂量的变化无明显的规律;DNA双链断裂水平与细胞存活率密切相关,DNA的释放百分比和断裂水平值随辐照剂量增加而不断增大。结果表明：γ辐照对枯草芽孢杆菌营养体有较高的灭活能力,其损伤效果可能与SOD活性及双链断裂相关。     

Comparison of DNA double—strand breaks induced by ^16O^8＋ in deproteinized DNA and intact cells

The yield of DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs) is sure to be influenced by the environment around DNA molecule.Inverse pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PIGE)has been applied to compared the sensitivity of B16 cells and their DNA in DSBs induced by 75MeV/u 16O^8 beam.Results show that the percentages of DNA released from the plug(PR)in both kinds of the samples increase with the dose and approach a similar quasi-threshold of about 81%.A simple new equation was presented to calculated the break level of DNA molecules.Within a certain dose,the relationship between the break level and the dose is linear.THe yield of DSBs in deproteinized DNA was 1.11DSBs/100Mbp/Gy,while that in intact cells was 0.60DSBs/100Mbp/Gy.it is testified that deproteinized DNA is more sensitive to oxygen ions irradiation than intact cells.     

SOD对γ射线辐照枯草芽孢杆菌的保护效应研究

为了考查外源SOD对γ射线辐照微生物的保护效应,选用不同剂量γ射线辐照外源SOD处理过的枯草芽孢杆菌营养体,采用平板计数法考查辐照后的细胞存活率,黄嘌呤氧化法检测胞内SOD活性,脉冲场凝胶电泳分析DNA双链断裂水平的变化.结果表明,不同浓度外源SOD均可使γ射线辐照后的细胞存活率明显增加;营养体胞内残留SOD活性与外源SOD浓度以及辐照剂量之间的关系没有明显的变化规律;外加SOD使细胞DNA.双链断裂水平(PR)显著下降.并且细胞存活率和PR值随外源SOD浓度以及辐照剂量变化的趋势基本一致.研究结果显示外源SOD在γ射线辐照中对枯草芽孢杆菌有保护效应,且SOD的保护效应与其浓度呈一定相关.     

Relationship between cellular radio-sensitivity and naked DNA damage in mammalian cells exposed to heavy ions

The relationship between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and the cell death induced by ~(12)C ions irradiation was examined in four kinds of cells, Melanoma B16, cervical squamous carcinoma HeLa, Chinese hamster V79 and hepatoma SMMC-7721. Cell survival was determined by a colonogenic assay, and the sensitivity was described by D_(50)(the dose of radiation necessary to reduce the survival to 50%). For all cell lines, D_(50) ranged from 0.74 Gy to 3.85 Gy, among them B16 was the most radiosensitive to ~(12)C ions, and V79 and HeLa cells had almost the same radio-sensitivity, SMMC-7721 was the last. The induction of deproteinized DNA double-strand breaks induced by ~(12)C ions were measured by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and the initial yield of the deproteinized DNA dsbs per unit dose was expressed as the DNA double break level (L). A linear dose-response curve was seen for initial DNA dsbs for all cell lines (slopes range from 0.40-0.98 (DSBs/100Mbp/Gy)). V79 was the steepest, B16 was the last.There was an inverse relationship between the initial DNA dsb and D_(50) if the B16 cell line was not considered, but there was no relativity even excludes the B16 cell line. The present results indicate that there is no relationship between cellular sensitivity and initial DNA dsb, even exclude the effects of chromatin structure.     

Study of calf thymus DNA irradiated in vitro with MeV fluorine ions

A study of the fragments of DNA irradiated with MeV ions is important for the understanding of the DNA damage mechanism and the subsequent biological effects （induced by heavy ions）. In this experiment, the products of calf thymus DNA （CT DNA） irradiated with MeV fluorine ions were analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis, modified time-of-flight mass spectrometer （MALDI-TOF）, and high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The results showed that the molecular mass of the fragments were concentrated around 831 bp with agarose gel electrophoresis, there was no observable product in the range of 1,000- 30,000 （m/q） using MALDI-TOF, and small biomolecules were separated from the products. The results of this study indicated that the strand breaks of calf thymus DNA induced by MeV fluorine ions were nortrandom.