CSP流程生产经济型热轧双相钢的工艺与组织性能

 为了在CSP产线上开发新一代经济型热轧双相钢,并确定生产的最佳成分和工艺,介绍了在武钢CSP生产线进行580MPa级热轧双相钢的工业化生产试制情况。分别采用C-Mn-Si系和C-Mn-Si-Cr系钢为原料,通过控制轧制和基于超强冷却设备的控制冷却工艺,成功开发出抗拉强度580MPa级热轧双相钢。通过比较分析2种成分钢的力学性能和微观组织,结果表明：经济型的C-Mn-Si系钢相对于C-Mn-Si-Cr系钢具有屈服强度低、屈强比小、伸长率大的特点,虽然马氏体量相对较少,但具有马氏体呈岛状更加均匀分布在铁素体晶界上等典型双相钢的特征,同时提出了生产过程中控制铁素体析出量和促进马氏体形成的具体措施。     

屈服强度1100 MPa级超高强钢热处理组织及性能

摘要：随着工程机械向大型化轻量化方向发展，超高强钢的市场需求越来越大且综合性能要求越来越严格。结合5000mm宽厚板生产线及热处理装备，研究淬火过程中淬火温度对屈服强度1100MPa级超高强度钢组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明，淬火温度决定了合金元素的溶解和分布状态、原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸，影响试验钢的综合力学性能。不同淬火温度下，基本微观组织为板条马氏体。随着淬火温度的升高，原奥氏体晶粒尺寸增大；当淬火温度由840℃升高至990℃时，原奥氏体晶粒平均尺寸由9.0μm增加到22.5μm。采用900～930℃淬火及350℃回火的热处理工艺，试验钢可获得最佳的强韧性匹配，此时屈服强度为1125～1155MPa、抗拉强度为1306～1335MPa、断后伸长率为12.5%～14.0%，布氏硬度为415～419，－40℃冲击功为80～100J，抗拉强度与布氏硬度比值范围在3.10～3.20之间，满足标准GB/T 28909—2012对Q1100E的要求。     

回火温度对热轧双相钢组织和力学性能影响研究

研究了100~300℃回火对0.054C-1.18Si-1.16Mn-0.49Cr成分热轧双相钢DP600的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:回火温度主要影响热轧双相钢中铁素体位错密度和马氏体微观结构;随着回火温度的增加,热轧双相钢中铁素体可动位错密度降低,马氏体部分发生分解,析出碳化物;回火温度对抗拉强度影响不大,对屈服强度和屈强比的影响显著,175℃以上回火,热轧双相钢屈服强度显著提高,并出现屈服平台,150℃以下回火热轧双相钢屈服强度增加不明显,不出现屈服现象。     

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behaviour of Ship and Dual Phase Steels

 Grade A (GA) and high strength steel DH36 ship steels possessing different chemical compositions were used, and strength properties of GA steel and DH36 steel were compared. Additionally, 4 types of dual phase (DP) steels with different martensite volume fractions (MVFs) were produced from GA steel by means of heat treatment and they were compared with other steels through conducting microstructure, microhardness, tensile and impact tests. The fracture surfaces of specimens (DH36, GA and DP steels) exposed to tensile and Charpy impact tests were investigated by scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, it was found that the specimens quenched from 800 and 900 ℃ had better strength than DH36 steel. The tensile test results indicated that the tensile strength of DP steel water quenched from 900 ℃ was 3 times that of GA steel and twice that of DH36 steel.     

Heat Treatment of Cold-Rolled Low-Carbon Si-Mn Dual Phase Steels

 The effects of over aging (OA) and vanadium on microstructure and properties of cold-rolled low-carbon Si-Mn vanadium-bearing and traditional dual-phase steel sheets are studied. The results show that the microstructure and mechanical properties of DP steels are greatly affected by over-ageing temperature. When OA below 250℃, the elongation rate increases sharply whiles both the yield strength and tensile strength decrease slightly, this is favorable to the increase of all over mechanical properties. After OA above 300℃, elongation does not increase much, but the yield strength increases and tensile strength decreases, which deteriorate the mechanical properties of the steel. Finally, the results also show that both the hardenability and the tempering stability of steel can be significantly improved by vanadium micro-alloying.     

回火温度对Cu-Cr-Ti马氏体耐磨钢组织及强韧性的影响

摘要：矿山机械用耐磨钢构件服役环境恶劣而常常出现磨损失效，研究适用于复杂工况下的高耐磨钢成分、工艺与组织性能的关系，有利于提高耐磨构件的服役寿命并降低经济损失。利用SEM、TEM、洛氏硬度计、万能拉伸试验机及冲击试验机等，研究了160～400℃不同回火温度下Cu-Cr-Ti马氏体耐磨钢的组织形貌、强度硬度及-20℃冲击韧性的变化。结果表明，试验钢淬火态组织主要为板条马氏体，当回火温度为160℃时，马氏体板条依然清晰，但随回火温度升高到400℃，马氏体板条界渐渐消失，基体中出现大量片状或粒状渗碳体。EDS分析发现样品钢基体中含有纳米级Ti、Nb的碳氮化物。随回火温度升高，基体组织演变导致强化机制发生变化，回火温度为300℃，综合力学性能最佳，其抗拉强度为1500MPa，屈服强度1100MPa，伸长率为15.5%。随回火温度升高，-20℃冲击韧性由60J/cm2逐渐降低到36.3J/cm2。     

700 MPa级热轧双相钢的组织和性能

 采用热模拟并借助光学显微镜、SEM技术研究了双相钢的相变规律及不同工艺参数下的组织演变规律。根据热模拟结果在实验室试制出700 MPa级热轧双相钢,优化了轧制和冷却工艺参数。实验结果表明：热轧双相钢组织为多边形铁素体+马氏体岛,抗拉强度730 MPa,屈强比062,伸长率236%,达到了DP700级双相钢的性能要求,并讨论了热轧卷取温度对双相钢最终力学性能的影响。     

980MPa级冷轧双相钢组织性能研究

为研究980 MPa级C-Si-Mn-Nb系冷轧双相钢组织性能,在试验室冶炼该钢并采用临界区保温+两段式冷却+过时效处理的工艺进行热处理。研究表明,试验钢的屈服强度为476 MPa,抗拉强度为1 021 MPa,伸长率为15%,n值为0.29;试验钢热轧组织为(F+P),铁素体晶粒尺寸约为3.3μm;退火组织为(F+M),马氏体体积分数约为63%。微合金元素Nb的添加,起到细晶强化和析出强化的作用。与热轧组织相比,连续退火板带状组织得到明显改善,试验钢表现出良好的强韧性匹配。     

成分对经济型热轧双相钢性能的影响研究

在试验室研究了不添加贵重合金元素的经济型热轧铁素体-马氏体双相(DP)钢的成分对组织力学性能的影响.结果表明:添加微量的Nb和Ti元素可提高钢的抗拉强度,同时也可提高钢的屈服强度和屈强比;锰过高或过低都会阻碍组织中马氏体的形成;适当增加硅可以提高钢的抗拉强度并降低延伸率.通过成分控制和配合适当的控轧、控冷工艺可满足DP600和DP800热轧双相钢的性能要求.     

Heat treatment process of 30CrMo hot rolled steel produced by CSP process

The effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 30CrMo hot rolled steel produced by CSP (compact strip production) process were investigated. The results show that the martensite is obtained in the experimental steels by oil quenched from 900?? after holding for 15min and 60min. And the samples which oil quenched from 900?? after holding for 15min have the better mechanical properties after tempering at different temperatures. With the increase of tempering temperature, the decomposition of martensite accelerated that resulted in the lath character of martensite gradually disappeared and the precipitation of cementite in matrix. When the tempering temperature increased from 200?? to 600??, the tensile strength decreased from 1744MPa to 949MPa and the hardness of the experimental steel decreased from 50. 8HRC to 35. 3HRC.While the elongation first decreased and then increased, the yield strength first increased and then decreased. When the tempering temperature is 300??, the experimental steel has the maximum yield strength and theminimum elongation which are 1421MPa and 7. 5%, respectively. Moreover, the model was developed to predict the hardness of experimental steel after tempered at different temperatures for 120min. The calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Microstructure–mechanical property relationship in hot-rolled high-Al-low-Si dual-phase steel

In this study, the effect of finish rolling temperature and coiling temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-Al-low-Si dual-phase (DP) steels is explored. Two different finish rolling temperatures (850 and 790°C) and three different coiling temperatures (200, 250 and 300°C) were studied. The results indicated that all the different processing conditions led to ferrite-martensite DP microstructure. With the decrease in finish rolling temperature, the volume fraction of ferrite was increased and martensite content was decreased. When the coiling temperature was increased to 300°C, autotempered martensite was obtained, which led to the softening of martensite and decrease in tensile strength and strain hardening ability, but higher post-necking elongation. Moreover, the nanoscale Nb-based carbides played a crucial role in refining the microstructure of hot-rolled high-Al-low-Si DP steel. EBSD (Electron Backscattered Diffraction) analysis revealed that the ferrite grains were fine, and decrease in finish rolling temperature and coiling temperature led to an increase in low-angle boundaries. When the finish rolling temperature was decreased to 790°C and coiling temperature was decreased to 200°C, the steel had excellent mechanical properties with tensile strength of 885?MPa, uniform and total elongation of 16.0 and 25.94%, respectively, and the product of tensile strength and total elongation was 20?264?MPa%. The improvement of strength and plasticity can be attributed to the fraction of ferrite and martensite, precipitation of NbC, fine microstructure.     

Influence of martensite content and morphology on tensile and impact properties of high-martensite dual-phase steels

A series of dual-phase (DP) steels containing finely dispersed martensite with different volume fractions of martensite (V _m) were produced by intermediate quenching of a boron- and vanadium-containing microalloyed steel. The volume fraction of martensite was varied from 0.3 to 0.8 by changing the intercritical annealing temperature. The tensile and impact properties of these steels were studied and compared to those of step-quenched steels, which showed banded microstructures. The experimental results show that DP steels with finely dispersed microstructures have excellent mechanical properties, including high impact toughness values, with an optimum in properties obtained at ∼0.55 V _m. A further increase in V _m was found to decrease the yield and tensile strengths as well as the impact properties. It was shown that models developed on the basis of a rule of mixtures are inadequate in capturing the tensile properties of DP steels with V _m>0.55. Jaoul-Crussard analyses of the work-hardening behavior of the high-martensite volume fraction DP steels show three distinct stages of plastic deformation.     

首钢热轧DP580双相钢的工业试生产

采用合金成本低廉的C-Mn-Cr化学成分设计,通过层流冷却段的水冷—空冷—水冷的三段式冷却模式和低温卷取,成功在1 580mm机组上试生产580MPa级热轧双相钢。对试生产钢卷进行了性能均匀性分析,结果表明:除去轧钢头部弱冷区域,整卷性能均匀,马氏体比例可稳定在10%左右。进而得出当前采用的恒速轧制方法有利于热轧双相钢力学性能均匀性控制的结论。试生产中在终轧后实施了2种不同的中间温度,轧制结果显示2种工艺方案下屈服强度和屈强比差距较大。     

硅和铬对超高强双相钢组织和性能的影响

 利用热膨胀仪研究了合金元素硅和铬对C-Si-Mn-Nb系与C-Cr-Mn-Nb系超高强双相钢连续冷却相变规律的影响;采用单向拉伸试验,以及OM、SEM和TEM等方法对比研究了2种DP钢的组织性能与断口形貌。结果表明：硅元素能够提高[Ac1]和[Ac3]点温度,扩大两相区,促进铁素体相变,并能提高马氏体的回火稳定性,改善其形貌和分布;铬元素的添加导致了奥氏体中碳的分布不均匀,使得马氏体内部同时出现了孪晶与板条状精细结构,而且快冷过程中出现了残余奥氏体和马奥岛组织,部分马氏体会在时效过程中发生分解;两钢的抗拉强度均超过1 000 MPa,伸长率超过15%,且含硅的双相钢各项力学性能均要优于含铬的双相钢。     

热输入对DP980激光焊组织和力学性能的影响

为了研究DP980钢的焊接性能,采用3种不同的激光焊接工艺进行焊接试验。结果表明,熔融区为板条马氏体,热影响区为马氏体、铁素体和回火马氏体,随着热输入增加,上下表面的熔宽逐渐增大,强塑积逐渐减小,热影响区的软化程度逐渐恶化。从熔融区到母材,显微硬度的变化趋势是先降低后升高。焊接接头静态拉伸失效位置均在亚临界热影响区,拉伸断口为韧性断口,随着热输入增加,杯状韧窝逐渐转变为较大的抛物线状韧窝,通过分析不同热输入条件下焊接接头的静态拉伸应变场云图,可知在塑性变形阶段,熔融区两侧呈双峰形貌,随着热输入的增加,软化区的面积逐渐增大,颈缩易出现在熔融区两侧的软化区部位。     

Effect of Cold Deformation on Phase Evolution and Mechanical Properties in an Austenitic Stainless Steel for Structural and Safety Applications

 Abstract： The effects of cold deformation on the formation of strain induced α′ martensite and mechanical properties of an austenitic stainless steel have been examined. X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed that 30% and 40% cold rolling have resulted in the formation of 24% and 315% martensite respectively. Microstructural investigation has demonstrated that the formation of martensite is enhanced with increase in the percent deformation at 0 ℃. Investigation of mechanical properties reveals that hardness, yield strength and tensile strength values increase where as percent elongation drops with increasing deformation. The fractographic observation corroborates the tensile results. Examination of sub-surface at the fractured end of the tensile sample manifests that void/microcrack nucleation occurs in the interfacial regions of the martensite phase as well as at the austenite-martensite interface.     

热处理工艺对海洋工程用高强度耐低温H型钢组织及性能影响

摘要：以热轧耐低温H型钢为研究对象,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜分析和力学性能测试等手段,研究了完全淬火和亚温淬火对试验钢微观组织和力学性能的演变规律。结果表明,试验型钢经780℃亚温淬火+600℃回火处理后,形成回火索氏体+铁素体的网状组织;试验型钢900℃淬火+600℃回火处理后,转变得到具有马氏体位向的回火索氏体,碳化物分布更加细小均匀,位错密度下降。2种热处理工艺制备H型钢综合力学性能优良,屈服强度均达到500MPa以上,900℃淬火+600℃回火处理后钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度更高。-40℃低温冲击韧性比热轧状态下出现大幅度提高,随着淬火温度升高冲击功更加稳定。     

水淬工艺对冷轧微合金双相钢力学性能的影响

 研究了水淬工艺对微合金双相钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着淬火温度的降低,双相钢的屈服和抗拉强度下降,同时总伸长率提高;不同的淬火温度使双相钢显微组织中不仅产生了不同体积分数的马氏体,而且也形成了不同数量的新生铁素体。TEM分析表明,新生铁素体中没有细小的NbCN粒子,因而避免了析出强化,这不仅可以改善铁素体的塑性从而有利于双相钢的塑性,而且也能够提高双相钢的强度。     

Structure and mechanical properties of Fe-Cr-Mo-C alloys with and without boron

A study of the structure and mechanical properties of Fe-Cr-Mo-C martensitic steels with and without boron addition has been carried out. Nonconventional heat treatments have subsequently been designed to improve the mechanical properties of these steels. Boron has been known to be a very potent element in increasing the hardenability of steel, but its effect on structure and mechanical properties of quenched and tempered martensitic steels has not been clear. The present results show that the as-quenched structures of both steels consist mainly of dislocated martensite. In the boron-free steel, there are more lath boundary retained austenite films. The boron-treated steel shows higher strengths at all tempering temperatures but with lower Charpy V-notch impact energies. Both steels show tempered martensite embrittlement when tempered at 350 °C for 1 h. The properties above 500 °C tempering are significantly different in the two steels. While the boron-free steel shows a continuous increase in toughness when tempered above 500 °C, the boron-treated steel suffers a second drop in toughness at 600 °C tempering. Transmission electron microscopy studies show that in the 600 °C tempered boron-treated steel large, more or less continuous cementite films are present at the lath boundaries, which are probably responsible for the embrittlement. The differences in mechanical properties at tempering temperatures above 500 °C are rationalized in terms of the effect of boron-vacancy interactions on the recovery and recrystallization behavior of these steels. Although boron seems to impair room temperature impact toughness at low strength levels, it does not affect this property at high strength levels. By simple nonconventinal heat treatments of the present alloys, martensitic steels may be produced with quite good strength-toughness properties which are much superior to those of existing commercial ultra-high strength steels. It is also shown that very good combinations of strength and toughness can be obtained with as-quenched martensitic steels.