Let-7d慢病毒载体体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经细胞

背景:微小RNA在生命体生长、衰老的过程中起着重要的作用,了解微小RNA let-7d家族成员对骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞分化的影响可以对干细胞移植起促进作用。目的:探讨let-7d慢病毒载体在体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞分化中的作用。方法:1构建大鼠慢病毒载体并感染大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞;实验分为未转染组、阴性对照组(感染空白慢病毒)、转染上调组(感染let-7d-LV)、转染下调组(感染let-7d-inhibition-LV)。2采用法舒地尔诱导转染后大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经细胞,以免疫细胞化学染色检测NSE、MAP-2的表达变化;RT-PCR检测MAP-2mRNA的表达变化;MTT法检测细胞存活率。结果与结论:倒置荧光显微镜下观察let-7d慢病毒载体转染成功。法舒地尔可以诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞分化,其中转染上调组的诱导效率与阴性对照组相比升高,NSE、MAP-2表达率上升(P0.05);转染下调组的诱导效率与阴性对照组相比下降,NSE、MAP-2表达率下降(P0.05)。结果表明let-7d慢病毒载体可以促进骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞的分化,通过控制let-7d的表达可以影响骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞的分化效率。     

人骨形成蛋白4基因腺相关病毒及绿色荧光蛋白基因腺相关病毒体外诱导成骨的比较

背景:由于骨形成蛋白的释放速度与新骨生长速度不匹配,单纯应用骨形成蛋白的效果尚不理想,因此,应有合适的载体来调节骨形成蛋白的释放速度。目的:观察重组人骨形成蛋白4基因腺相关病毒及绿色荧光蛋白基因腺相关病毒诱导兔骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨方向分化的作用。方法:全骨髓法培养兔骨髓间充质干细胞,分别应用人骨形态形成蛋白4基因腺相关病毒载体及绿色荧光蛋白基因腺相关病毒转染兔骨髓间充质干细胞,设定感染复数值为5×104,观察两组细胞形态改变,分别行碱性磷酸酶染色、Von Kossa染色、茜素红染色及碱性磷酸酶含量测定,比较两组成骨活性差异。结果与结论:人骨形态形成蛋白4基因腺相关病毒组转染骨髓间充质干细胞后,细胞形态呈现典型的成骨改变,碱性磷酸酶染色及Von Kossa染色、茜素红染色均出现成骨的特征性改变。绿色荧光蛋白基因腺相关病毒组未观察到上述改变。人骨形态形成蛋白4基因腺相关病毒组碱性磷酸酶含量高于绿色荧光蛋白基因腺相关病毒组(P0.01)。提示人骨形态形成蛋白4基因腺相关病毒转染骨髓间充质干细胞后,骨髓间充质干细胞表现出更加明显的成骨活性改变。     

携带低氧诱导因子1α慢病毒感染大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞后成骨基因的表达

背景:人低氧诱导因子1α可调控其下游成骨及成血管基因的表达,具有提高成骨活性的作用。目的:观察携带人低氧诱导因子1α慢病毒感染的大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞中成骨基因表达情况。方法:通过RT-PCR方法从Hela细胞中获得低氧诱导因子1α,构建携带低氧诱导因子1α的慢病毒表达质粒Lenti-HIF-1α-eGFP,与LentiPac HIV混合包装质粒共包装293Ta细胞,获得病毒;采用全骨髓直接贴壁法分离培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,使用流式细胞仪对骨髓间充质干细胞进行鉴定。分别在慢病毒感染骨髓间充质干细胞1,4,7,14 d后,用实时荧光定量PCR检测骨髓间充质干细胞中成骨基因骨形态发生蛋白2、骨钙蛋白、骨桥蛋白、碱性磷酸酶的表达水平。结果与结论:Lenti-HIF-1α-eGFP有效地感染骨髓间充质干细胞,实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示成骨基因骨形态发生蛋白2、骨钙蛋白、骨桥蛋白、碱性磷酸酶在Lenti-HIF-1α-eGFP感染后第4天开始明显过表达,且持续至14 d。结果表明低氧诱导因子1α可以提高骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨活性。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植修复高原大鼠股骨缺损

背景：对于高原地区受到环境负面影响的组织创伤,例如高原骨缺损,干细胞的特点可以提供一个良好的加速创伤修复的方法。 目的：研究骨髓间充质干细胞治疗大鼠高原股骨缺损的创伤恢复效果。 方法：分离提取雄性Wistar大鼠原代骨髓间充质干细胞,取第3代细胞进行细胞表型鉴定。雌性Wistar大鼠80只,制备实验性股骨圆形缺损后随机均分为平原对照组、平原骨髓间充质干细胞移植组、高原对照组、高原骨髓间充质干细胞移植组(n=20)。治疗后第30天拍X射线片观察股骨缺损区的修复情况,并于第10,20,30天分别采集股骨缺损区组织,检测其中碱性磷酸酶的含量。 结果与结论：高原骨髓间充质干细胞移植组大鼠股骨缺损区愈合速度较高原对照组快,且碱性磷酸酶的含量较高原对照组高(P < 0.05);平原骨髓间充质干细胞移植组的缺损区愈合速度也比平原对照组快,且碱性磷酸酶的含量也较平原对照组高(P < 0.05)。平原骨髓间充质干细胞移植组的缺损区愈合速度较高原骨髓间充质干细胞移植组快,且碱性磷酸酶的含量较高原骨髓间充质干细胞移植组高(P < 0.05)。说明骨髓间充质干细胞的局部移植可提高高原股骨缺损区局部的碱性磷酸酶含量,加速缺损区的创伤修复速度,但高原股骨缺损区的愈合修复较平原组慢。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

孤儿核受体Rev-erbα在小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化中的作用

背景:孤儿核受体Rev-erbα已被证明在骨代谢过程中发挥着重要作用,但其在调节骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化过程中的具体机制尚不明确。目的:研究孤儿核受体Rev-erbα是否参与小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化能力的调节。方法:以全骨髓贴壁法进行小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养,构建携带Rev-erbα基因的慢病毒载体并转染至体外培养的第3代骨髓间充质干细胞,转染后48 h采用Real Time PCR法检测Rev-erbα基因水平的表达。实验分为3组:实验组骨髓间充质干细胞转染过表达Rev-erbα基因及EGFP基因的慢病毒载体,阳性对照组骨髓间充质干细胞转染含EGFP基因的空病毒载体,设立不含病毒原液的阴性对照组,分别进行成骨诱导并在第0,7,14天采用Real Time PCR法检测成骨分化相关指标碱性磷酸酶、骨桥蛋白、骨钙素的表达变化。结果与结论:①携带Rev-erbα基因的慢病毒成功转染到骨髓间充质干细胞中并稳定表达;②随着成骨诱导时间延长,成骨相关指标碱性磷酸酶、骨桥蛋白表达增加,但组间差异无显著性意义,骨钙素表达增加,但实验组明显低于阳性对照组和对照组(P<0.05);③结果表明,Rev-erbα转染后骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化能力降低,成骨晚期标志物骨钙素的表达受抑制,说明Rev-erbα在骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的晚期阶段有重要作用。     

酪蛋白激酶2相互作用蛋白1调控骨质疏松大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨能力北大核心

背景:目前对酪蛋白激酶2相互作用蛋白1(casein kinase 2-interaction protein-1,CKIP-1)分子机制的体外研究主要集中在基因敲除小鼠来源成骨细胞或骨髓间充质干细胞,鲜见报道骨质疏松模型大鼠来源骨髓间充质干细胞中CKIP-1表达的研究。目的:探讨下调CKIP-1基因前后骨质疏松状态骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化能力的变化。方法:用维甲酸诱导雌性SD大鼠骨质疏松模型,采用全骨髓贴壁法体外培养骨质疏松组、正常组大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞。成骨诱导后进行茜素红染色、碱性磷酸酶染色及实时定量RT-PCR检测骨桥蛋白、Runx2 mRNA的相对表达,实时定量RT-PCR检测成骨诱导过程中2组细胞中CKIP-1的动态表达;通过基因转染沉默CKIP-1基因,成骨诱导后进行茜素红染色、碱性磷酸酶染色及实时定量RT-PCR检测骨桥蛋白、Runx2 mRNA的相对表达。结果与结论:①与正常组相比,骨质疏松组骨髓间充质干细胞茜素红染色钙结节定量、碱性磷酸酶活性及骨桥蛋白、Runx2的mRNA水平降低(P<0.05),骨质疏松组骨髓间充质干细胞中CKIP-1基因动态表达水平总体偏高;②与未下调CKIP-1的骨质疏松组骨髓间充质干细胞相比,下调CKIP-1基因表达后,骨质疏松组骨髓间充质干细胞茜素红染色钙结节定量、碱性磷酸酶活性及骨桥蛋白、Runx2的mRNA水平明显升高(P<0.05);③结果表明,维甲酸诱导的骨质疏松大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨能力降低,下调CKIP-1基因可以部分提高其成骨分化能力。     

经冠状静脉逆行灌注碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对骨髓间充质干细胞体内分化的影响

背景:体外研究显示,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能促进骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌样细胞分化。然而,在体内环境下经冠状静脉逆行灌注碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能否促进骨髓间充质干细胞分化尚不明确。目的:探讨经冠状静脉逆行灌注碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对骨髓间充质干细胞在体内分化的影响。方法:1杂种犬12只,采用密度梯度离心与贴壁培养法在体外分离、培养骨髓间充质干细胞,增强型绿色荧光蛋白慢病毒载体转染骨髓间充质干细胞并分析转染率。2开胸结扎法建立急性心肌梗死模型,1周后将存活犬(n=10)随机分为骨髓间充质干细胞组(n=5)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子+骨髓间充质干细胞组(n=5),采用OTW球囊经冠状静脉逆行灌注碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和增强型绿色荧光蛋白标记的骨髓间充质干细胞。移植后1周,免疫荧光法比较两组梗死心肌内增强型绿色荧光蛋白阳性细胞共表达Ⅷ因子和肌钙蛋白I的数量。结果与结论:增强型绿色荧光蛋白慢病毒成功转染骨髓间充质干细胞,转染率达85%;灌注后免疫荧光显示,23.5%的切片可以看到增强型绿色荧光蛋白标记的骨髓间充质干细胞阳性细胞;碱性成纤维细胞生长因子+骨髓间充质干细胞组增强型绿色荧光蛋白共表达Ⅷ因子和肌钙蛋白I的细胞数量明显高于骨髓间充质干细胞组(P0.05)。因此,经冠状静脉逆行灌注碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能更有效地促进骨髓间充质干细胞分化成血管内皮细胞和心肌细胞;采用该途径联合灌注碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和骨髓间充质干细胞有望发挥协同作用,更好地促进心脏修复。     

腺病毒介导的人骨形态发生蛋白2基因转染骨髓间充质干细胞

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞作为骨、软骨创伤缺损及退变修复的种子细胞越来越受到关注。 目的：分析人骨形态发生蛋白2基因转染对白色封闭群大鼠(SD大鼠)骨髓间充质干细胞的影响。 方法：分离纯化SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞并体外扩增,通过腺病毒载体介导人骨形态发生蛋白2基因转染骨髓间充质干细胞,分别通过荧光显微镜观察荧光表达情况及蛋白质水平来测定转染后人骨形态发生蛋白2的表达,碱性磷酸酶定量测定鉴定成骨活性及MTT法评估人骨形态发生蛋白2转染对骨髓间充质干细胞的影响。 结果与结论：从SD大鼠骨髓提取物中分离培养的细胞形态为梭形,呈铺路石状、漩涡状生长,经流式细胞仪检测及多项分化能力鉴定符合骨髓间充质干细胞的特征;经转染人骨形态发生蛋白2基因后,骨髓间充质干细胞表达人骨形态发生蛋白2、碱性磷酸酶;MTT法检测转染人骨形态发生蛋白2基因后,骨髓间充质干细胞增殖能力明显增强(P < 0.05)。说明人骨形态发生蛋白2基因转染骨髓间充质干细胞后可以持续、高效表达人骨形态发生蛋白2和碱性磷酸酶,在体外明显促进骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖。     

骨髓间充质干细胞体外诱导分化为胰岛样细胞的降血糖作用

背景：移植胰岛及胰岛细胞治疗糖尿病已初见成效,但由于胰岛来源匮乏和免疫排斥反应而研究受阻。 目的：移植将大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞在体外诱导分化为胰岛样细胞,观察其对糖尿病大鼠的治疗作用。 方法：将大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞用碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、肝细胞生长因子等诱导,免疫细胞染色等检测诱导情况。SD大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病模型,建模成功后,随机分为对照组移植诱导胰岛样细胞的实验组,实验组经肾包囊移植诱导后的胰岛样细胞,对照组移植相同体积生理盐水,观察移植后糖尿病大鼠血糖和体质量变化。 结果与结论：大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞体外经肝细胞生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子等因子诱导后可以向胰岛样细胞转化。细胞移植后,对照组大鼠血糖无明显变化(P > 0.05),实验组大鼠血糖与对照组和移植前相比较,明显降低(P < 0.05)。大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞经含肝细胞生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子等的诱导体系可诱导成胰岛样细胞,经诱导的细胞有一定胰岛素分泌能力,将诱导后细胞通过肾包囊途径移植入糖尿病大鼠体内,可降低大鼠血糖水平。     

Advances in bone biology and new treatments for bone loss

Recent advances in bone biology have led to a more detailed understanding of bone remodeling which is a process that leads to resorption of old bone and replacement by formation of new bone. The most important discoveries in this process of bone remodeling were those of the RANK Ligand/RANK/OPG system which is now recognized the dominant pathway regulating bone resorption. RANK Ligand (RANKL) is a cytokine belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family and is expressed by osteoblasts; it binds to membrane bound receptor RANK on osteoclasts and promotes differentiation of marrow cells through various stages to multinucleated osteoclasts which resorb bone. Several hormones such as parathyroid hormone, calcitriol and prostaglandins stimulate RANK Ligand expression by osteoblasts. Osteoblasts also secrete osteoprotegerin (OPG) which is a soluble receptor that is a potent antagonist of osteoclast formation by binding and inactivating RANKL and OPG is therefore an important regulator of bone resorption. OPG is stimulated by estrogen. OPG has been genetically engineered and in human subjects is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption. Another method for preventing bone resorption is to develope antibodies against RANKL and this has been shown to be a successful strategy. A single subcutaneous injection of this antibody (Denosumab) every 6 months proved to be a potent inhibitor of bone resorption and clinical fracture trials using this agent are now underway. These are novel developments that have risen from basic research in bone biology and other discoveries in the bone remodeling process can be expected to lead to further treatment options for various bone diseases.     

四肢骨肿瘤大段同种异体骨移植术后骨愈合的分析

目的 探讨四肢骨肿瘤大段同种异体骨移植后骨愈合的相关影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2007年5月—2016年1月在郑州大学附属肿瘤医院接受大段同种异体骨移植术治疗,并且未出现肿瘤复发转移的17例骨肿瘤患者的临床资料。其中男9例、女8例,年龄11~45岁。手术部位:股骨9例,肱骨6例,胫骨2例。异体骨长度8~28(16.8±4.0) cm。内固定方式:钢板螺钉8例,髓内针9例。根据异体骨愈合情况分为未愈合组10例(其中异体骨骨折4例、异体骨感染2例),愈合组7例。分析两组间性别、年龄、手术部位、内固定方式、异体骨长度、是否化疗、术后是否异体骨感染等临床特征的差异。结果 17例患者均获随访,随访时间2~10年。骨愈合组7例的平均骨愈合时间为27个月(15~43个月)。未愈组与愈合组患者内固定方式比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.015);其他临床特征比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。结论 髓内针固定是大段异体骨愈合的不利因素。     

Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor kappa B Ligand (RANKL) as an osteoimmune key regulator in bone physiology and pathology

The strength and integrity of the human skeleton depends on a delicate equilibrium between bone resorption and bone formation. Bone resorption is an elementary cellular activity in the modelling of the skeleton during growth and development. Later in life a most important physiological process in the skeleton is bone remodelling, which is locally initiated by resorption. During remodelling bone resorption is coupled to new bone formation that ensures renewal of bone with only minor local and temporary bone loss. Cells responsible for bone resorption and subsequent bone formation are the osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. The osteoclast is derived from the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell, which gives rise to a myeloid stem cell that can further differentiate into megakaryocytes, granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages and osteoclasts. The respective bone resorbing and forming actions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts are finely coupled, so that bone mass remains remarkably stable in a healthy adult. Imbalance between osteoclast and osteoblast activities can arise from a wide variety of hormonal changes or perturbations of inflammatory and growth factors resulting in postmenopausal osteoporosis, Paget's disease, lytic bone metastases, or rheumatoid arthritis, leading to increased bone resorption and crippling bone damage. In view of the critical role of osteoclasts in diverse pathology, there has been immense effort aimed at understanding the biology of this unique cell. The present review is focused on the current knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate the functional links between bone turnover and the immune system helping us to understand the main factors that lead to bone loss observed in osteoporosis, cancer and in rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this review paper is to consider the key molecular interactions involved in the formation of osteoclast cells in normal and pathological conditions.     

骨的显微损伤及其对骨力学性能的影响

骨的显微损伤是由于反复受载所致的仅能在显微镜下观察到的骨基质的损伤,往往表现为各种形态的显微裂纹或弥散性损伤。通过特殊染色和标记可对显微损伤进行组织学观察和定量分析,并根据其形态和与骨单位的位置关系进行分类。显微损伤往往伴有骨强度的降低和骨脆性的增加,裂纹的长度及其位置是影响骨力学性能的决定因素。显微损伤的积累最终会导致骨的疲劳骨折。     

强骨康疏胶囊对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨细微结构及骨代谢的影响

目的:观察强骨康疏胶囊对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠的骨密度、OPG及RANKL蛋白表达、骨组织形态计量学参数及骨组织细微结构的影响。方法:制备去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠模型后,分组:正常对照组、模型空白组、中药低剂量预防组、中药高剂量预防组、雌激素预防组。给药1月后,检测各组股骨骨密度值,显微镜下观察股骨骨小梁的结构变化,并检测骨组织形态计量学参数。采用免疫组织化学染色法检测大鼠股骨OPG及RANKL蛋白表达。结果:模型空白组大鼠股骨骨密度减少,骨小梁厚度、面积、面积百分数均减少,骨小梁间距增大,股骨OPG蛋白平均光密度值显著降低,RANKL蛋白平均光密度值明显增高;雌激素预防组、中药低剂量组、中药高剂量组对上述指标均有明显改善。结论:强骨康疏胶囊能有效提高骨量,维持骨小梁立体空间结构,改善大鼠股骨远端松质骨的显微结构,能够提高骨OPG蛋白表达及抑制RANKL蛋白表达。     

骨密度定量检测方法及性能比较

随着人口老龄化,骨质疏松症已成为世界各国关注的公共健康问题.目前,骨密度的定量检测是诊断骨质疏松症的最好方法,正日益受到医学临床重视.综述了现有临床采用的X线照相或X光片密度测量、单光子和单能X线吸收测量法、双能光子和双能X线吸收法、定量CT或定量超声或定量磁共振成像（MRI）技术等主要的骨密度定量检测方法的原理,并分析比较其优缺点.     

Structural differences between bone formed intramuscularly following the transplantation of isolated calvarial bone cells or chondrocytes

Summary Bone formed in intramuscular transplants of isolated syngeneic calvarial bone cells in mice, was compared with endochondral bone induced by cartilage produced by analogous transplants of isolated epiphyseal chondrocytes, as well as with parietal bones forming the bulk of the calvaria. Transplanted calvarial cells produced islands of bone, some of which contained intraosseous cavities. Osteoclasts inside these cavities were observed only in 14-day-old transplants and bone marrow cells in 28-day and older transplants. On the contrary, bone marrow appeared soon after formation of bone trabeculae in endochondral bone. The percentage area occupied by bone marrow in these specimens was about twentyfold larger than in the bone formed by transplanted bone cells. On the other hand, the bone marrow area in the latter type of bone was somewhat smaller but of similar order as in parietal bones. Moreover, both in parietal bones and in bone formed by isolated bone cells, the bone marrow was devoid of fat cells which were numerous in bone arising by endochondral ossification. It appears, therefore, that the ratio of bone marrow to the bone tissue area in parietal bones depends more on the intrinsic properties of osteoblasts than on the local factors in the environment of the developing bone. In the case of bone induced by cartilage, the bone marrow/bone tissue area could be determined both by the extent of cartilage resorption by vascularized tissue and by the properties of osteoblasts.     

含BMP的骨填充材料在骨肿瘤与瘤样病变手术中的应用

目的 探讨含骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)的骨填充材料在骨肿瘤及瘤样病变手术中的临床应用价值。方法本组骨肿瘤及瘤样病变患者34例，男20例，女14例。骨填充材料(金骨威、金世植骨灵)应用方法：病灶刮除术骨缺损填充：灭活术后骨缺损填充；病灶切除后在骨干一假体结合部或骨干一同种异体1／4关节结合部植入骨填充材料。肿瘤及瘤样病变类型包括骨纤维结构不良、骨巨细胞瘤、骨肉瘤、骨囊肿、动脉瘤样骨囊肿、内生软骨瘤、软骨粘液样纤维瘤、非骨化性纤维瘤、骨母细胞瘤。观察患者术后全身及局部反应和影像学变化。结果平均随访时间13．5个月。全部患者均无全身不良反应，除1例创口二期愈合外，余病例未见明显局部反应。X线片显示术后3～6个月即有填充材料降解和骨替代现象发生。结论在骨肿瘤与瘤样病变手术中应用含BMP的骨填充材料代替自体或异体骨移植，不增加创伤，并发症少，术后基本无不良反应，且骨缺损修复效果满意，是理想的骨缺损填充材料。     

Comparison of osteopenic changes in cancellous bone induced by ovariectomy and/or immobilization in adult rats

Background: Ovariectomy (OVX) and immobilization (IMM) in rats are useful models of osteopenia, replicating some aspects of osteoporosis in humans. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in cancellous bone after OVX and/or IMM. Methods: Differences in cancellous bone were determined at 6 and 12 weeks after OVX or IMM. Comparisons were also made when rats were ovariectomized or immobilized for 6 weeks and then immobilized (OVX/IMM) and ovariectomized (IMM/OVX), respectively, for 6 more weeks. The femurs were used to determine bone mineral content (BMC) using single photon absorptiometry (SPA) and for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tibias were collected for microradiography, image analysis, and histomorphometry of metaphyseal cancellous bone. Results: Six and 12 weeks after OVX, there was less cancellous bone mass, compared with controls, as indicated by SPA, SEM, microradiography, image analyses, and histomorphometry. Bone was lost primarily from the central metaphyseal regions in the OVX animals, whereas the loss occurred throughout the metaphyses in the IMM animals. There were more rodlike bone spicules and fewer platelike trabecule in the OVX and IMM groups compared with controls. Differences in the structural aspects of the cancellous bone, including differences in the types of bone struts and marrow star volumes, indicated less trabecular connectivity and greater trabecular separation in the OVX and IMM animals, compared with controls. Endochondral growth indices in the IMM groups tended to be less, whereas the OVX groups tended to be greater than controls. Cancellous bone formation rates were generally greater in the OVX groups but less in the IMM groups compared with controls. Osteoclastic resorption surfaces were substantially elevated in the IMM and OVX groups, particularly the IMM groups. Changes reflecting OVX and IMM, independently, were apparent in the OVX/IMM and IMM/OVX groups and indices of osteopenia were different from controls, including less bone mass, trabecular connectivity, and greater trabecular separation, bone turnover rates, and osteoclastic surface. Conclusions: These results demonstrate differences in the osteopenic changes that occur in cancellous bone following OVX or IMM. The changes were generally more dramatic in the IMM than in the OVX animals. When OVX and IMM were applied in combination, the osteopenic changes are particularly severe, emphasizing the importance of mechanical usage even with a deficiency of gonadal hormones. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

硫酸钙人工骨在良性骨肿瘤刮除术后骨缺损填充中的愈合情况及其重建作用研究

目的观察硫酸钙人工骨在良性骨肿瘤刮除术后骨缺损填充中的愈合情况,探讨其在骨肿瘤患者中的重建作用。方法回顾性分析在2010年1月~2013年9月期间,我院骨外科收治的临床随访资料完整的良性骨肿瘤患者,根据植骨材料的不同,分别采用硫酸钙人工骨、同种异体骨以及自体骨修复肿瘤刮除术后骨缺损。每组各选择随机样本40例。根据术后随访的X线结果和相关临床资料。评估不同移植骨在良性骨肿瘤缺损填充中的降解、吸收和愈合情况。结果 120例患者获得3~48个月随访,平均随访时间14.7个月。随访期自体骨组、硫酸钙人工骨组和同种异体骨组均未发生深部感染、植骨不愈合、伤口不愈合、植骨部位骨折及肿瘤复发等相应的并发症,临床获益率达100%。三组病例在骨愈合时间无统计学意义,愈合率也无显著性差异(0.05)。结论用硫酸钙人工骨材料填充良性骨肿瘤刮除后的骨缺损,愈合效果与自体骨和同种异体骨相近。且硫酸钙人工骨生物相容性好,并发症少,值得在临床上推广。