胎儿胃粘膜内分泌细胞免疫组分的定量研究

应用免疫组化方法对５６例胎儿、５例新生儿、５例成人尸体解剖正常胃标本的内分泌细胞进行定量观察。第一抗体包括－嗜铬粒蛋白Ａ、胃泌素、胃体抑素、五羟色胺、降钙素、绒毛膜促性腺激素、促肾上腺皮质激素、胰多肽、胰高血糖素、蛙皮素。     

胃内分泌细胞的超微结构及定量免疫组织化学研究

应用透射电镜、免疫组化及图像分析系统对9例正常人胃粘膜的内分泌细胞进行研究.结果显示:超微结构下胃泌酸区粘膜可见ECL细胞、EC细胞、X细胞、偶见D细胞;胃窦粘膜可见G细胞、D细胞、EC细胞、P细胞.应用CgA及9种激素抗体免疫组化BA法观察胃内分泌细胞及激素的分布,发现胃窦GAST阳性细胞约占胃窦内分泌细胞总数的75%,SS、5-HT、CT、BOM、ACTH阳性细胞在胃窦均可见到;胃体粘膜主要为5-HT、SS阳性细胞,CgA阳性细胞有相当数量在文内所用激素抗体染色中不显色,如ECL细胞.结果提示形态与功能检测相结合将有助于加深对胃内分泌细胞的认识.对胃内分泌细胞进行定量图像测量,为某些疾病的病理研究提供了定量对比参数.     

关于20～41周胎儿胰岛内分泌细胞的研究

目的探讨胎儿期胰腺内分泌细胞的特点.方法取38例胎龄20～41w的胰腺SP免疫组织化学染色显示胰岛素细胞、胰高血糖素细胞、生长抑素细胞和胰多肽细胞.结果胎儿期胰岛内生长抑素细胞数密度最高,胰多肽细胞直径和数密度最小.各种细胞直径和密度在20～41w间虽有变化,但差异无显著性.结论胎儿期胰岛各类细胞的密度和比例有很大差异.     

中华蟾蜍消化道内分泌细胞的分布与形态

目的:对中华蟾蜍消化道5种内分泌细胞的分布与形态进行研究.方法:对中华蟾蜍消化道各段取材,应用免疫组织化学SP法结合生物统计学分析.结果:生长抑素细胞在消化道各段均有分布,以胃幽门部密度最高,空肠和胃贲门部其次.回肠和直肠中密度最低.胃泌素细胞主要分布于胃和肠道各段,胃幽门部和空肠密度较高,食道中无分布.胰高血糖素细胞主要分布于胃,以胃幽门部密度最高.肠道只在十二指肠处偶见.胰多肽细胞在消化道各段均未见分布.血管活性肠肽细胞主要分布于胃体、胃幽门部、回肠和直肠,以直肠中密度最高.结论:中华蟾蜍内分泌细胞的分布型与其摄食习性是相适应的.     

蓝尾石龙子消化道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

目的阐明蓝尾石龙子消化道内分泌细胞的形态学特征、类型、局部分布和细胞密度。方法应用免疫组织化学技术链霉卵白素-过氧化物酶（S-P）法。结果蓝尾石龙子消化道中的内分泌细胞形态多样,呈圆形、椭圆形、纺锤形、梭形、锥形、烧瓶形和杆状。蓝尾石龙子消化道中显示出3种内分泌细胞,即5-羟色胺阳性细胞、生长抑素阳性细胞和胃泌素阳性细胞,未见高血糖素阳性细胞、P物质阳性细胞、胰岛素阳性细胞和胰多肽阳性细胞。5-羟色胺阳性细胞是消化道中最主要的内分泌细胞类型,其在消化道各段均有分布,但在各段分布密度不同。生长抑素阳性细胞仅分布于胃部。胃泌素阳性细胞局限分布于幽门和十二指肠部位。在蓝尾石龙子消化道内具有最多种类型内分泌细胞分布的部位是幽门,同时消化道内各种内分泌细胞在此部位也显示出最高的分布密度。结论蓝尾石龙子与其他爬行动物消化道内分泌细胞在分布上存在一定的共同特征并具其独特性,这些共同特征可能反映着不同脊椎动物消化生理的相同点。     

丽斑麻蜥消化道内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

目的 研究丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)消化道内5.羟色胺(5-HT)、生长抑素(SS)、胃泌素(Gas)、胰高血糖素(Gh)、胰多肽(PP)和P物质(SP)6种内分泌细胞的形态结构和分布规律. 方法采用免疫组织化学ABC法. 结果 5 -HT细胞较其他5种内分泌细胞的分布更为广泛,整个消化道中(即从食管到直肠)都有分布,在空肠的分布密度最高.SS细胞在食管和直肠未检测到,胃体部分布密度最高.Gas细胞和PP细胞仅分布于胃幽门和小肠,其分布密度高峰均在十二指肠.Gln细胞分布于幽门、十二指肠和空肠,并且幽门处的分布密度明显高于其他两个部位.在整个消化道中未检测到SP细胞. 结论 5种可检测到的内分泌细胞以圆形和锥体形为主,分布于消化道黏膜上皮细胞之间、腺泡上皮细胞之间及上皮细胞基部,其分布型的特点可能与动物的食性及生活环境有关.     

小鼠胰岛内分泌细胞的构成及其与‖型糖尿病的关系

目的 观察和分析Ⅱ型糖尿病动物模型db/db小鼠病程进展中胰岛内分泌细胞的构成变化及与Ⅱ型糖尿病病因的关系.方法 分别选取3、5、8、10和12月龄的尾静脉空腹血糖高于10.0mmol/L且肥胖的db/db自发性糖尿病小鼠.每组5只,作为糖尿病组;选取相应年龄段的尾静脉空腹血糖低于6.0mmol/L体重正常的db/+m表型正常小鼠,每组5只,作为对照组.于相应年龄段取胰尾,用于免疫组织化学观察和比较.结果 各月龄糖尿病组胰岛B细胞(胰岛素阳性细胞)阳性率低于对照组(p＜0.05),而A细胞(胰高血糖素阳性细胞)和D细胞(生长抑素附性细胞)阳性率分别高于对照组(p＜0.05).糖尿病组胰岛B细胞阳性率随自发性db/db糖尿病小鼠病程进展旱降低趋势(p＜0.05),而A细胞和D细胞阳性率则旱增高趋势(p＜0.05);对照组3种细胞阳性率无变化(P＞0.05).结论 Ⅱ型糖尿病动物模型db/db小鼠胰岛内分泌细胞的构成变化与糖尿病病情的轻重有关,胰岛内分泌细胞之间的比例失衡可能与Ⅱ型糖尿病的发病有关.     

鹅胃肠内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位

应用６种胃肠激素抗血清，对鹅胃肠各段的内分泌细胞分布进行了免疫组织化学定位。腺胃显示有较多促胃泌素释放肽和生长抑素细胞。肌胃有较多促胃泌素释放肽、生长抑素和胃泌素细胞，少量胰多肽细胞。幽门部有大量的生长抑素细胞，密集的胃泌素细胞，偶见胰多肽细胞。小肠内有胃泌素、胰多肽和生长抑素细胞，细胞类型和数量由前段向后段逐渐减少。未检出胃动素和抑胃肽细胞。     

调节糖代谢的多肽及其生理作用

糖尿病的发病机理和病理生理十分复杂,随着分子生物学的进展,对葡萄糖代谢的复杂调控的研究取得了十分重要的成就,为深入研究糖尿病奠定了良好基础。本文仅就调节糖代谢有关多肽(胰岛素除外)的研究进展作一介绍。 一、胰岛细胞分泌的多肽 胰岛至少有四种类型内分泌细胞,即β、α、D和PP细胞,分别合成胰岛素,胰高血糖素,生长抑素和胰多肽(pancreatic po-lypeptide)。     

小鼠胰岛内分泌细胞的构成及其与Ⅱ型糖尿病的关系

目的观察和分析II型糖尿病动物模型db/db小鼠病程进展中胰岛内分泌细胞的构成变化及与II型糖尿病病因的关系。方法分别选取3、5、8、10和12月龄的尾静脉空腹血糖高于10.0mmol/L且肥胖的db/db自发性糖尿病小鼠,每组5只,作为糖尿病组;选取相应年龄段的尾静脉空腹血糖低于6.0mmol/L体重正常的db/+m表型正常小鼠,每组5只,作为对照组。于相应年龄段取胰尾,用于免疫组织化学观察和比较。结果各月龄糖尿病组胰岛B细胞(胰岛素阳性细胞)阳性率低于对照组(p<0.05),而A细胞(胰高血糖素阳性细胞)和D细胞(生长抑素阳性细胞)阳性率分别高于对照组(p<0.05)。糖尿病组胰岛B细胞阳性率随自发性db/db糖尿病小鼠病程进展呈降低趋势(p<0.05),而A细胞和D细胞阳性率则呈增高趋势(p<0.05);对照组3种细胞阳性率无变化(P>0.05)。结论II型糖尿病动物模型db/db小鼠胰岛内分泌细胞的构成变化与糖尿病病情的轻重有关,胰岛内分泌细胞之间的比例失衡可能与II型糖尿病的发病有关。     

Gastric Carcinoids of Argyrophil ECL Cells

Histochemical and ultrastructural studies were carried out in four gastric carcinoids, two of which were associated with atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia. All tumors showed intense argyrophilia and vesicular granules resembling those of endocrine enterochromaffinlike (ECL) cells in normal human gastric mucosa. Tumor cells were found to be unreactive to all the 18 available antiserums to gut hormones, including gastrin, somatostatin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide. The tumors were interpreted as ECL cell argyrophil carcinoids with various degrees of differentiation and atypia.     

Gastric Carcinoids of Argyrophil ECL Cells

Histochemical and ultrastructural studies were carried out in four gastric carcinoids, two of which were associated with atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia. All tumors showed intense argyrophilia and vesicular granules resembling those of endocrine enterochromaffinlike (ECL) cells in normal human gastric mucosa. Tumor cells were found to be unreactive to all the 18 available antiserums to gut hormones, including gastrin, somatostatin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide. The tumors were interpreted as ECL cell argyrophil carcinoids with various degrees of differentiation and atypia.     

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF PEPTIDE YY IN GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOCRINE TUMORS

Fourteen cases of gastrointestinal endocrine tumors were examined im-munohistochemically for peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, and somatostatin. Peptide YY cells were present in seven tumors, pancreatic polypeptide cells in eight tumors, glucagon cells in six tumors, and somatostatin cells in nine tumors. All 7 rectal endocrine tumors examined were found to contain peptide YY, while in the tumors of the other sites peptide YY cells were not detected. Peptide YY cell population in the rectal tumors was small to moderate in comparison with pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon cell population. This study suggests that peptide YY cells may be a common constituent of rectal endocrine tumors together with pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon cells, and that the peptide YY spectrum of gastrointestinal endocrine tumors may be closely related to the location of the tumors. Moreover, it can also be said that peptide YY may be used as one of the markers of rectal endocrine tumors.     

胎儿胃肠道胃泌素细胞与生长抑素细胞的免疫组织化学研究

本文用PAP免疫组织比学法和间接免疫荧光组织化学法,对60例8～38周胎儿胃肠粘膜中胃泌素细胞(G细胞)和生长抑素细胞(D细胞)的发生进行了研究。这两种细胞最早出现于8～9周胎儿十二指肠上皮中,但在固有膜及肌层未观察到。12周后,D细胞出现在胎儿胃肠全长粘膜,G细胞则只见于胃窦及小肠粘膜。本文还对各时期胎儿胃肠粘膜中D细胞和G细胞的分布、数量,以及二者比例变化等进行了观察。胃窦中G细胞与D细胞一样,基底部伸出突起,可能具有旁分泌功能。除胃底腺外,其余部位的D细胞和G细胞多为开放型细胞。本文对这两种细胞在胎儿胃肠发育中的可能功能进行了讨论,并与成人胃窦和十二指肠上部粘膜中G、D细胞的比例进行了对比观察。     

人胚胎期胰腺的形态学研究

本研究收集胎龄5～41周的人胚胎53例,取胰腺,Bouin液固定,按常规制石蜡切片。部分切片经阿利新蓝-焰红、硝酸银-醛复红-铅苏木精等方法染色,部分切片作免疫组织化学PAP反应,观察胰岛A、B和D细胞。取不同胎龄的胰尾组织14例,戊二醛固定,Epon812包埋,透射电镜观察。本文的结果表明,胰腺内分泌部主要是由胰管2级以下分支的管壁上皮细胞,向周围的间充质内增生和分化而成。胎龄12周时,即可在光镜下辨认A、B及D细胞;电镜下观察,胰腺外分泌细胞在胎龄14周以后,才能见到分泌颗粒,证明胰岛细胞的分化早于外分泌细胞。测量16～36周胎儿胰腺内胰岛所占的比例,证明胚胎期胰腺内分泌部所占比例远高于成年人。本实验为临床使用人胎胰岛移植提供了参考资料。     

Regulatory peptides in Barrett's oesophagus

Barrett's epithelium refers to the presence of ectopic mucosal types in the squamous-lined oesophagus. Previous studies have documented argentaffin and argyrophil-positive cells as well as gastrin-like immunoreactivity in oesophageal tissue extracts from patients with Barrett's mucosa. In the present study, 125 oesophageal biopsies obtained under direct vision at endoscopy from 22 patients with Barrett's oesophagus were systematically studied using fluorescence and peroxidase antiperoxidase single and double-staining immunocytochemical methods employing highly specific antibodies to localize the following peptide-containing cell types in Barrett's mucosa: gastrin, somatostatin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, motilin, neurotensin and pancreatic glucagon. In addition, EC cells were localized using a cytochemical silver staining method. The results of this study indicate that EC cells and gastrin- and somatostatin-containing endocrine cells are detectable in Barrett's epithelium.     

Immunohistochemical study of neuroendocrine cells at the gastric cardia mucosa

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The gastric cardia mucosa is a narrow band of tissue between the oesophagus and the stomach. The physiological role of this tissue is unknown. This study examined the presence and characteristics of neuroendocrine cells at this site. METHODS: Biopsy samples were obtained from across normal appearing squamocolumnar junctions. The cardiac mucosa was defined as the presence of special type mucosa composed of mucous secreting glands in the immediate vicinity of oesophageal squamous epithelium. Biopsy specimens were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, alcian blue (pH 2.5) periodic acid Schiff, and modified Giemsa. The chromogranin A and Fontana-Masson stains were used to identify neuroendocrine cells, which were also stained immunohistochemically for gastrin, serotonin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. RESULTS: Chromogranin positive cells were seen in 18 cases with adequate biopsy specimens from the gastric cardia mucosa. These cells were all serotonin positive, but stains for other peptide hormones remained negative. Serotonin positive cells were detected only at the base of foveolae at the periphery of mucous secreting cardiac glands, giving a microscopic appearance resembling that of endocrine cells at the gastric antrum. The presence and numbers of serotonin positive cells did not correlate with chronic inflammation or intestinal metaplasia of the cardiac mucosa. These cells were seen both in Helicobacter pylori positive and negative patients. CONCLUSIONS: Serotonin positive cells appear to be the sole neuroendocrine cell type at the gastric cardia mucosa. These cells may have a role in regulating the physiology of the gastric cardia mucosa and the lower oesophageal sphincter.