三烷基氧膦-石蜡固液萃取-光度法测定磷酸中铀

用三烷基氧膦(TAPO)从硝酸介质中萃取铀的选择性较高,大量PO_4~(3-)离子不干扰,富集能力强,但不易分层,反萃也困难。用TOPO固-液萃取分离铀,以萘,二苯甲酮,联苯和石蜡作溶剂已有报道。它与液-液萃取法比较,具有所需溶剂少,冷却后有机相立即凝固,并浮在液面上便于分离和洗涤的优点。文献[3-5]均采用乙醇溶解有机相     

三辛基氧膦萃取分离—偶氮胂Ⅲ分光光度法测定地质样品中微量铀

前言对于地质样品中的微量铀,一般都是进行离子交换分离后再用固体荧光法或偶氮肿Ⅲ分光光度法进行测定。但这些方法的缺点是样品的预处理操作复杂,分析时间较长。另外,用三辛基氧膦(TOPO)/环己烷萃取、2-(2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙胺基苯酚或4-(2-吡啶偶     

用三烷基(C_6-C_8)氧磷(TRPO)从强放废液中萃取锕系、镧系元素的研究

本文研究了三烷基(C_6-C_8)氧膦(TRPO)对锕系、镧系元素及裂变产物的萃取行为;测得了铀、镎、钚、镅、锔等20余种离子在30％TRPO-煤油-硝酸溶液中的分配比以及部分离子的被萃络合物形式;测定了稀释剂、萃取剂浓度、温度、盐析剂等因素对TRPO萃取三价锕系和镧系元素的影响,为用TRPO萃取剂从强放废液中提取有用元素提供了基础数据。     

1,9-双(1′-苯基-3′-甲基-5′-氧代吡唑-4′-基)壬二酮-[1,9]与中性磷氧萃取剂对铀(Ⅵ)协同萃取的研究

研究了1,9-双(1′-苯基-3′-甲基-5′-氧代吡唑-4′-基)壬二酮-[1,9](H_2A)与三苯基氧膦(TPPO)或三辛基氧膦(TOPO)对铀(Ⅵ)的协同萃取行为。用斜率法测得协萃合物的组成为UO_2A·B(B为TPPO或TOPO),求得了协萃平衡常数。用萃取法制得了固态协萃合物,并对其组成,UV,IR及~1HNMR进行了研究。     

TRPO萃取锕系元素、铕、锝、锆和铁

研究了不同浓度三烷基氧膦（TRPO）／煤油体系萃取铀的能力以及三相出现情况。结果表明，50％ TRPO／煤油体系在常温下负载60g/L铀时不会出现三相，并对Np(Ⅳ),Pu(Ⅳ),Am(Ⅲ），Ee(Ⅲ)和Tc(Ⅶ)具有良好的萃取能力。说明采用该体系能从乏燃料溶解液中萃取回收铀、钚的同时去除次锕系元素和锝，但TRPO在萃取少量的Zr时会出现三相。     

TOPO萃取-固体荧光法测定痕量铀

本文介绍了一种痕量铀(Ⅵ)的分离与测定方法。核燃料化工工艺产生的铀废液,含有大量干扰铀荧光测定的杂质,用有机溶剂 TOPO 萃取,与共存的杂质分离后,取含铀(Ⅵ)的 TOPO溶剂滴加在氟化钠片上,烧制成珠球,固体荧光法测定痕量铀(Ⅵ)。文中叙述了 TOPO 萃取铀(Ⅵ)的条件、萃取率、与干扰离子分离的效果。铀含量在10—1000 ppb 时,精密度优于±14%;回收率88—122%     

用三烷基(C_6-C_8)氧膦(TRPO)萃取-液体闪烁计数法测定水溶液中微量α核素的研究

用三烷基氧膦(TRPO)作萃取剂,二甲苯为溶剂,2.5-二苯基噁唑为闪烁体研究了TRPO及杂质元素的猝灭效应,结果表明萃取-液体闪烁计数法用于测量大量杂质元素及氨羧络合剂中的~(233)U,~(239)Pu,~(241)Am微量α核素具有简便、迅速,灵敏高度等优点。     

用三辛基氧膦阴极溶出伏安法测定铀时硝酸根离子的作用及天然水中铀的测定

研究了三辛基氧膦(TOPO)悬汞滴电极微分脉冲阴极溶出伏安法测定铀时各种因素的影响。峰电流取决于支持电解质中阴离子的类型,其值的大小顺序为硝酸根离子》氯离子>硫酸根离子。用TOPO/环己烷从含支持电解质的水相中萃取铀也有同样的影响。从铀酰离子与各种阴离子的络合常数来看,认为峰电流对支持电解质的依赖性是由试样中铀(VI)的离子类型引起的。在此试验基础上,测定了海水及盐水中的铀。     

TRPO萃取—固体荧光法测定动植物样品中的铀

本文介绍了用 TRPO 萃取、固体荧光法测定动植物样品中铀含量的方法。用 HNO_3和 H_2O_2处理样品灰,再转化为 HNO_3体系.用 TRPO 萃取分离铀,有机相直接与 NaF 烧制熔珠。在光电荧光计上测定。该方法灵敏度为0.05μg/g(灰),全程回收率为90%,样品中的常量离子不影响分析结果。     

1,9-双(1''''-苯基-3''''-甲基-5''''-氧代吡唑-4''''-基)壬二酮-[1,9]与TOPO协同萃取钍(Ⅳ)机理的研究

一、前言 1,9-双(1′-苯基-3′-甲基-5′-氧代吡唑-4′-基)壬二酮-[1,9] (简称H_2A)为新近合成的一种双-β二酮螯合剂,它较HPMBP类试剂多一倍螯合功能团,不但能与钍(Ⅳ)形成较稳定的可萃络合物,而且还能与某些中性萃取剂产生协萃作用。本文以氯仿为溶剂研究了它对钍(Ⅳ)的单独萃取及它与三辛基氧膦(TOPO)协同萃取钍的作用,测得了萃合物的组成为ThA_2·TOPO。求得单独萃取和协同萃取反应的平衡常数分别为β_(20)=1.03×10~8和β_(21)=1.18×10~9。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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