拉速对结晶器平均热流的影响

通过计算8088块板坯的平均热汉研究了拉速对板坯结晶器平均热流的影响结果表明：拉速对结晶器宽边的平均热流有显的影响,拉速在0．6－1．2m/min范围内,结晶器宽边平均热流随拉速提高而增加,当拉速超过1．2m/min后,结晶器宽边平均热流随拉速增加而提高的幅度变得很小;结晶器窄边的平均热流较宽边的热流约低0．2MW／m^2,当拉速超过1．2m/min后,结晶器窄边的平均热流仍可随拉速的进一步提高而增加。     

碳含量及连铸工艺参数对宽厚板坯结晶器热流的影响

对钢厂0.07%~0.18%C钢220~320 mm×1 800~2700 mm宽厚板的连铸过程进行了一年的在线检测与统计,研究了不同碳含量的钢种的拉速(0.65~1.2 m/min),钢水过热度(13~35℃),结晶器进水温度(27~35℃)和结晶器液位(775~810 mm)等工艺参数对结晶器铜板热流的影响。结果表明,浇铸220 mm板坯的结晶器热流随拉速增加而上升,但拉速>1.05 m/min时热流不再增大;对具有包晶反应的钢种,宽面与窄面热流随钢液过热度的增加而增大,但进水温度升高,热流降低;受包晶相变收缩的影响,浇铸0.13%C钢时结晶器热流最低。     

马钢CSP工艺漏斗型结晶器铜板温度检测及传热分析

为了获得求解薄板坯流动、传热凝固模型的合理热流边界条件,并为揭示结晶器铜板及铸坯裂纹的形成机理提供参考依据,应用马钢薄板坯连铸机中结晶器温度监测软件在线采集了不同工况和不同时刻的铜板温度,分析了结晶器铜板温度的变化规律;在此基础上,结合实际冷却参数和铜板实测温度,计算了在不同拉速下浇注断面分别为1 275 mm×70 mm和1 525 mm×70 mm的SPHC钢种时的结晶器热流场。结果表明,相同条件下结晶器铜板温度和热流密度的分布具有相似的规律性,它们在结晶器纵向上呈逐渐下降趋势,而在横向上也存在明显的波动,靠近弯月面时这种波动尤为剧烈;采用相同水口和结晶器浇注宽度分别为1 275 mm和1 525 mm的铸坯时,结晶器铜板温度和热流密度在宽度方向上的分布总体上分别呈现为M和W形状,即铜板温度及热流密度的最高值分别位于铜板宽度方向的1/4处和中心线部位;拉速为4.5 m/min时,结晶器铜板最大热流密度可达到4.6MW/m2。     

薄板坯连铸结晶器热流分布研究

通过结晶器温度检测软件在线采集了武汉钢铁(集团)公司CSP结晶器铜板的温度,根据热电偶实测温度及连铸机冷却参数,计算了浇铸不同断面SPHC钢时不同拉速的热流值,并建立了结晶器热流的二维分布模型。结果表明,结晶器受水口射流影响,热流与温度在宽面横向分布很不均匀,表现出明显的双峰结构。相同工况条件下在铜板宽度方向上温度和热流密度分布具有相似性,距离弯月面越近,热流密度和温度的波动越大,弯月面处热流密度最大值达到4.6 MW/m2。     

连铸喷淋式冷却结晶器的应用及研究

文中研究了拉速，中间包浇注温度，结晶器冷却强度及冷却水水质对喷淋式冷却结晶器平均热流密度的影响，对喷淋式冷却结晶器的设计和应用或有一定的参考价值。     

基于热流密度分布模型的连铸倒角结晶器温度分布研究

基于热流密度分布模型,建立了全弧形板坯连铸机倒角结晶器窄面冷却水流动和铜板传热耦合的数学模型。采用多元回归的方法拟合得到描述连铸结晶器热流密度对结晶器高度的函数表达式。铜板表面沿拉坯方向的热流密度呈非线性分布,弯月面附近的热流密度先急剧增加然后迅速减小,在距离弯月面0.1 m处的热流密度达到最大值。模型计算结果表明,在结晶器距上口150～200 mm的铜板表面温度最高达到608～678 K,低于723 K的铬锆铜再结晶软化温度;尽管该区域铜板水缝的最高表面温度近420 K,但不影响整体传热。计算的铜板温度与热电偶测量值相吻合。     

不同断面及拉速对结晶器液面波动的影响

针对国内某钢厂1 450 mm×230 mm板坯连铸结晶器生产情况，利用相似原理，建立相似比为0.6的物理模型。采用墨水进行流场显示试验，观察钢液从水口进入结晶器的扩散过程，通过数据采集系统对结晶器液面波动情况进行检测，对所采集液面波动数据采用1/10大波波高进行分析，研究不同断面及拉速对结晶器液面波动的影响，并对不同断面结晶器下所对应的拉速做出优化。结果表明，结晶器两侧的流场轨迹基本对称分布；结晶器宽度和拉速的增加均会导致结晶器液面波动幅度增大，随着结晶器宽度的增加，窄面附近的液面波动波幅增加最小，结晶器水口附近液面波动波幅增加最大；当结晶器拉速增大时，液面波动的剧烈程度基本符合窄面附近处最大、SEN附近处次之、1/4宽面处最小的规律，但在结晶器宽度1 150 mm、拉速1.6 m/min条件下，水口处波动大于窄面附近。在结晶器宽度为1 150 mm、拉速为1.6 m/min,结晶器宽度为1 450 mm、拉速为1.4 m/min和结晶器宽度1 750 mm、拉速为1.2 m/min工况下结晶器液面波动比较合理。     

提高亚包晶钢板坯拉速对结晶器传热的影响

通过对提高亚包晶钢AQ钢种230 mm×1200 mm板坯拉速试验过程中结晶器冷却水参数、铜板测温等数据进行适时记录,并与数学模型及ANSYS商业软件相结合,研究了提高拉速对结晶器平均热流、局部热流、铜板温度场以及坯壳厚度的影响。结果表明,拉速由1.3m/min提高到1.5m/min时,平均热流增加0.1 MW/m²左右,宽边弯月面区域局部热流增加0.13 MW/m²,但均在合理范围内,这与采用高碱度高结晶温度的试验保护渣有关;结晶器窄/宽面平均热流比超过0.9,应适当减少结晶器锥度;宽面坯壳厚度平均减薄4 mm左右,应严格控制结晶器传热强度,以保证连铸工艺稳定和铸坯质量。     

MCCR产线低碳钢高拉速技术研究与应用

通过统计和分析现场数据,得出限制MCCR薄板坯连铸连轧低碳钢拉速提高的主要因素为结晶器热像图中的冷齿和结晶器液面波动,对冷齿和液面波动的成因进行研究,并提出有效控制措施。研究结果表明,结晶器热像图中的冷齿与结晶器弯月面凝固收缩特性相关,受冷却铜板厚度、碳当量、拉速及保护渣影响,反映到铸坯实物上为凹陷或者裂纹缺陷,需合理匹配形成最优参数组合,以降低因冷齿造成的漏钢风险。当结晶器铜板厚度减薄量在6.7%以内时,一冷水维持原设计流量;当结晶器铜板厚度减薄量在6.8%~11.1%时,拉速4.0 m/min以上时需降低10%的一冷水流量;当结晶器铜板厚度减薄量在11.2%~15.6%时,所有拉速下需降低18%的一冷水流量,同时使用高碱度B型保护渣。针对高拉速下结晶器液面波动问题,通过数值模拟研究浸入式水口插入深度、拉速、结晶器断面宽度及电磁制动等参数对结晶器内流场和温度场的影响规律,得到不同拉速和不同断面条件下电磁制动电流的合理配置,使得拉速达到5.5 m/min时钢液面最大流速仍小于0.3 m/s。上述研究结果应用后,结晶器冷齿问题得到有效缓解,110 mm厚的薄板坯最高拉速达到5.8 m/min,结晶器液面波动控制在±1 mm以内,保护渣液渣层厚度保持在8~10 mm,结晶器热流稳定,实现了高拉速的顺稳生产。     

1 850 mm×230 mm板坯连铸结晶器流场与温度场数值模拟

为研究连铸工艺参数对结晶器内部钢液的作用规律,对涟钢1 850 mm×230 mm板坯连铸结晶器流场和温度场进行了系统的数值模拟,研究了不同吹氩量(0～7 L/min)、不同水口浸入深度(110～150 mm)和不同拉速(0.9～1.2 m/min)对结晶器内钢液行为的综合影响。结果表明,随着吹氩量增加,自由液面的钢液流速和温度总体呈现降低的趋势;随着水口浸入深度增加,自由液面的钢液流速先降低后增加;随着拉速增加,自由液面的钢液流速增加;水口浸入深度和拉速对温度场的影响较小。当吹氩量为5 L/min、水口浸入深度为130 mm、拉速为0.9 m/min时,结晶器自由液面具有较小的钢液流速和湍动能,同时液面具有较好的温度均匀性。通过数值模拟研究,为合理选择结晶器相关工艺参数提供了理论依据。     

Simulation of heat transfer and strain behaviour in bloom casting mould

Abstract

An optimum casting model was developed to simulate the effect of mould flux on bloom heat transfer and strain behaviour based on a 3D MiLE method, and the influence of casting speed and superheat on bloom heat transfer and lubrication were also investigated. The simulation results showed that solidified shell thickness growth conforms to a Square Root Law, and that the model predicted results are basically in agreement with previous data in the literature, and provide confidence in model. The bloom temperature distribution range in the corner area is smaller than that in the mid-face, and the corner regions form a high cracking risk zone. The hot tearing indicator and effective stress in the corner area are significantly greater than that in the mid-face, so the corner area is the dangerous zone of cracking; The mould flux lubrication in the bloom mid-face is better than for the bloom corner region, due to a higher shell temperature and a fluid slag; The increasing of casting speed can delay air gap formation of the bloom corner area, improving the lubrication conditions, but when the casting speed is changed, it is also necessary for the mould flux viscosity and crystallization temperature be changed also. Increasing the superheat has little influence on the completely solidified distance of liquid flux in the bloom corner area.     

方坯高效连铸新型结晶器传热分析与应用

提出了方坯高效连铸结晶器有效结构形式,并通过ansys有限元软件,建立高效连铸结晶器与传统结晶器铜管的传热模型,并对其凝固传热以及温度场进行计算对比,重点讨论不同结构形式的结晶器在传热效率及传热均匀性方面的差异,并讨论其对高拉速下坯壳凝固的影响。结果表明,高效结晶器可以使得结晶器的传热效率提高7.8%,并且使得结晶器铜管热面最高温度降低100℃,热面温差降低到5℃以下。作者根据该理论,通过有限元优化设计,设计制造出方坯高效连铸结晶器,并应用于某钢厂155mm方断面的铸机上,稳定生产拉速达到4m/min,最大拉速达到4.46m/min。     

板坯连铸提高拉速工艺研究与实践

对首钢二炼钢板坯铸机提高拉速的工艺进行了研究。为适应1．2～1．3m／min拉速条件下稳定正常的生产,对结晶器冷却水量、浸入式水口参数、二冷比水量、振动参数、保护渣性能指标进行了调整,最高拉速达到了1．4m／min。研究了拉速变化对结晶器热流密度的影响、提高拉速后对结晶器铜板温度的影响、矫直区铸坯表面温度变化、保护渣耗量的变化等。通过采取以上措施,与0．8m／min拉速情况对比,铸坯表面纵裂发生率维持在同一水平,含铌的微合金钢种一检合格率显著上升,铸坯内部质量维持在同一水平。板坯双流铸机改为单流铸机后,由于拉速的提高,板坯月产量达到了9．5万t,达到了双流铸机的产量水平。     

Heat Transfer and Its Effect on Solidification in Combined Mould

SymbolList cp,cps,cpl———Specificheat,specificheatofsolidsteel andmoltensteel,(J·kg-1·K-1);C2———EmpiricalcoefficientoflowReynoldsκεturbu lencemodel;Dl———Darcyconstant;fl,fs———Fractionofmoltensteelandsolidsteel;f2———Empiricalcoefficientre     

低温度梯度结晶器的传热分析及工业应用试验

 结晶器内钢液凝固前沿温度梯度的降低可以阻碍柱状晶的生长、促进柱状晶向等轴晶的转变和提高等轴晶率,从而有利于铸坯组织的均质化。基于上述原理和结晶器传热计算,设计和制造了可用于降低钢液凝固前沿温度梯度的带隔热镀层的新型结晶器,并在方坯连铸机上进行了工业试验,分析了其对方坯凝固组织的影响。结果表明,低温度梯度结晶器可满足连铸生产要求;与传统结晶器相比,低温度梯度结晶器出口铸坯表面温度提高了108℃,相近拉速下该结晶器的平均热流密度相对更低,表明其减缓了钢液在凝固初期的传热,从而降低了凝固前沿的温度梯度;通过与低过热度、电磁搅拌技术相结合,低温度梯度结晶器生产的铸坯等轴晶率提高了8%～13%,中心偏析和缩孔严重程度明显降低。     

板坯连铸结晶器倒角结构和锥度研究

针对板坯连铸铸坯常出现角部横裂纹缺陷,建立了板坯连铸结晶器与铸坯二维瞬态热力耦合有限元模型,研究了板坯结晶器窄面铜板在不同倒角结构和不同锥度情况下铸坯的凝固收缩行为,计算了铸坯在结晶器内的温度和应力分布情况。模型较全面地考虑了保护渣和气隙对传热的影响。数值模拟结果表明：结晶器窄面铜板倒角过大或过小,都不利于铸坯温度的均匀分布;对断面厚度为230mm的铸坯,窄面铜板采用20mm～25mm ×45°;倒角及抛物线锥度时,铸坯表面温度分布最均匀,最大平面主应力分布较合理,角部出现横裂纹的可能性会大大降低。     

Modelling of steel shrinkage and optimisation of mould taper for high speed continuous casting

Abstract

In high speed continuous casting, optimisation of mould taper is key for intensifying heat transfer and for improving the quality of the cast products. Mathematical modelling has been carried out by combining heat transfer, steel shrinkage and parabolic continuous taper model in order to optimise the mould taper profile. These models have been assembled to a set of software, the inputs of which include the steel grade, casting speed, casting temperature, length and the cross-section of mould tube, while the outputs consist of surface temperature of the strand, thickness of solidified shell, thermal linear expansion coefficient, steel shrinkage, distortion of the mould tube wall, the actual air gap, total taper and the continuous taper profile. Optimum mould taper has a parabolic profile which is tapered inwards that changes continuously along the length of the strand in order to achieve reduction in air gap while avoiding distortion of the mould tube.     

Dynamic pressure in mould flux channel during mould non-sinusoidal oscillation

Abstract

Based on the lubrication theory of mould flux, a mathematical model of dynamic pressure in mould flux channel was developed, and the distribution of dynamic pressure and its variation during non-sinusoidal oscillation were investigated. The effects of casting speed and non-sinusoidal oscillation parameters, including the degree of non-sinusoidal operation (non-sinusoidal factor), amplitude and frequency of oscillation on the dynamic pressure in the mould flux channel, were studied. The results indicate that the maximum negative pressure is decreased, and the maximum positive pressure is increased with increasing non-sinusoidal factor. The optimum value of non-sinusoidal factor is ～0·2. With increasing amplitude and frequency of oscillation, both the negative and positive pressure are increased; moreover, the increment of positive pressure is obviously greater than that of negative pressure; especially when the oscillation frequency is increased, the increment of negative pressure is very little. When the casting speed is enhanced, the negative pressure is increased, but the positive pressure is decreased. Therefore, if the casting speed is increased, the oscillation amplitude needs to be increased, as well as the oscillation frequency needs to be decreased properly. With these adjustments, the positive pressure in mould flux channel is nearly unchanged. The actions of strand demoulding and cracks welding are kept effective. Moreover, the negative pressure in mould flux channel is increased properly, which causes the flux consumption to increase, so the mould lubrication is improved. Finally, the strand surface quality is improved greatly, and breakout can be avoided. The applicability of the optimised non-sinusoidal oscillation parameters for the two kinds of casting speed has been proven by industrial practice.