基于遗传算法优化和KD树的交通流非参数回归预测方法

非参数回归预测方法在交通流短时预测中得到了广泛应用.针对提高搜索速度和关键参数的优化设置两个问题,提出使用KD树作为模式库的存储结构,能够有效提高搜索速度,并且能够在实际运行中不断将新发现的交通流模式实时地加入模式库.提出使用遗传算法对非参数回归中的重要参数进行优化,实验表明能够得到相对较优的参数设置.所得研究结果为实时的交通流短时预测系统提供了一种较好的预测方法.     

基于加权组合模型的短时交通流预测研究

为了改善城市路网中短时交通流预测效果,提高预测精度,设计了一种基于改进的K近邻非参数回归和小波神经网络加权组合的短时交通流预测方法.针对K近邻非参数回归预测方法搜索量大、相似性差等问题,采用基于交叉口相关系数加权的欧氏距离选择K近邻值.小波变换与神经网络有机结合形成的前馈型网络,对非平稳的输入信号能够呈现出良好的时频特性和变焦能力,对短时交通流预测效果有着明显的提升.通过算例分析,说明所设计的预测方法能够获得比较精确的短时交通流预测结果.     

基于历史频繁模式的交通流预测算法

针对目前交通流预测模型复杂、不支持中长期预测的问题,提出了基于历史频繁模式的交通流预测算法,通过挖掘交通流的历史频繁模式,结合实时交通信息进行交通流预测.使用真实路网获取的浮动车数据进行实验,结果表明该算法支持交通流短时、中长期预测,且中长期预测与短时预测具有同样高的预测精度,受参数影响小.与基于K近邻的非参数回归方法进行比较,结果表明基于历史频繁模式的预测算法的预测性能更稳定,预测误差波动更小.     

基于浮动车数据非参数回归短时交通速度预测

非参数回归算法是近年来提出的一种较新型的短时交通流预测算法,为了提高预测精度,提出了基于误差反馈的预测方法.加入误差反馈机制,针对状态向量中的权值进行实时的反馈修改,得到了较满意的结果.采用成都市浮动车系统中的出租车浮动车数据对红星路二段的速度进行了预测,预测结果表明,该算法的预测精度优于无反馈的非参数回归和BP神经网络.     

基于检测器优化选择的短时交通流预测

针对交通流短期预测未考虑交通检测器配置的不足,提出了一种基于检测器优化选择的短时交通流预测算法。以预测的均方误差最小为目标函数,通过遗传算法优化选择合适的检测器,以小波神经网络作为预测算法进行短时交通流预测。美国I-84高速公路实测数据的测试结果表明该算法与传统预测方法相比具有更高的预测精度,是一种有效的短时交通流预测方法。     

基于熵值法的短时交通流组合预测仿真研究

研究短时交通流预测问题.传统的非参数回归预测模型中,输入状态向量的选取没有综合考虑预测点和领域点的情况.为了提高预测的精度,提出了用熵值组合的非参数回归短时交通流预测方法.首先用灰关联度和相关系数法确定邻域点和预测点的输入状态向量,用反馈机制动态调节输入变量与系统变量,然后采用带权重的预测算法分别计算这两组参数下的预测值,采用熵值法构造组合预测的权系数,可求解出新的预测结果.实测数据仿真结果表明,组合预测能够提高预测的准确性,为实际设计提供依据.     

相空间重构和SVR联合优化的短时交通流预测

短时交通流预测首先重构相空间,然后采用时间序列模型预测交通流量,而支持向量回归机（SVR）是比较好的时间序列预测模型。但短时交通流相空间重构的嵌入维数与延迟时间与支持向量回归机的参数确定往往是分别独立地求解,难以达到两组参数值的同时最优,影响预测的准确性。为了提高短时交通流的预测准确性,提出一种利用粒子群算法联合优化相空间重构和支持向量回归机的预测模型,并用于实际短时交通流数据的预测。该模型的相空间重构和支持向量回归机（SVR）的参数联合一起优化,利用粒子群算法同时优化其两组参数的组合值。采用短时交通流数据仿真,结果表明联合一起优化所得参数的预测器提高了简单模型预测的效果。     

组合预测模型在短时交通流预测中的应用研究

根据智能交通诱导和信号控制的需要,短时交通流预测应具备实时性、准确性和可靠性,应用单项预测模型已不能满足当前交通流预测的要求,借此提出了以时间序列法、非参数回归法和RBF神经网络预测法为基础的定权系数和变权系数组合模型进行短时交通流预测,实例应用表明组合预测模型较单项预测方法预测精度有显著的提高。     

非参数回归算法在短时交通流预测中的应用

由于城市道路交通系统中的交通流演变存在随机性和复杂性,且实时交通状态判别本身具有不确定性,故实时、准确的短时交通流预测是交通控制与诱导的一个关键因素。利用非参数回归对短时交通流进行预测是一种较好的预测方法,它能够很好地体现交通流的非线性、时变性和不确定性。为进一步提高预测的准确性,对K近邻的非参数回归方法进行了改进。结果表明,改进模型预报准确率更高,稳定性更好。     

基于遗传BP神经网络的短时交通流预测

为了预测未来一段时间的短时交通流,提出了一种利用BP神经网络进行预测的方法。将历史时刻的车流量作为网络输入,未来短时流量作为输出,采用单步预测。为了缩短收敛时间,避免陷入局部极小值,用遗传算法优化网络初始权值和阈值。对未优化与优化后的网络进行测试。实验证明,未优化的BP神经网络预测精度较低,且收敛时间较长;而遗传优化算法使预测精度及收敛速度得到极大改善,但样本的数量及质量是影响预测精度的关键要素。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.