维生素C在婴儿配方乳粉加工、冲调模拟体系中的热降解动力学

对婴儿配方乳粉在加工、冲调过程中氧化型维生素C(DHAA)、还原型维生素C(AA)及总量维生素C(AA+DHAA,以VC表示)的热降解动力学进行研究。结果表明:加工模拟体系中,AA及VC符合动力学一级反应,活化能分别为46.49 kJ/mol和39.69 kJ/mol。冲调模拟过程中,温度对AA和VC的降解符合零级反应模型,对DHAA的降解符合一级反应模型,反应活化能分别为16.71,19.50,12.04 kJ/mol。     

黄花菜热风干燥动力学与维生素C降解动力学研究

该文研究热风干燥温度(50、60、70℃和80℃)对黄花菜干燥动力学(水分比、干燥速率、有效扩散系数、活化能)和维生素C降解动力学的影响。结果表明,黄花菜的干燥以降速阶段为主,随干燥温度的升高干燥时间显著缩短,水分有效扩散系数(D_(eff))显著升高。水分扩散活化能(E_a)与水分含量(M)呈指数关系:E_a=37.886 85exp(-M/1.739 28)+25.272 19。黄花菜干燥过程中维生素C降解呈Weibull模型,R~20.99,其降解的活化能(E_a)为72.25 kJ/mol。     

热风干燥过程中榆叶叶黄素的降解动力学

目的：研究热风干燥过程中榆叶叶黄素的降解动力学。方法：采用高效液相色谱法测定榆叶中叶黄素的含量,对叶黄素降解过程进行反应动力学方程拟合,求解降解动力学参数。结果：新鲜榆叶中叶黄素含量较高,为（397.5±27.5）μg/g鲜质量（（1.414±0.105）mg/g干质量）。当风速为0.5 m/s,干燥温度为50、60、70 ℃时,榆叶中叶黄素的热降解符合一级反应动力学模型,半衰期分别为4.5、3.2、2.8 h;温度升高,降解反应速率增大;降解反应速率常数与干燥温度的关系符合Arrhenius公式,反应活化能为21.23 kJ/mol。结论：热风干燥榆叶时,采用较低的干燥温度有利于提高叶黄素保留率。     

苹果汁中维生素C热降解动力学研究

为了探索温度对苹果汁中维生素C降解的影响以及维生素C的降解动力学规律,采用可逆的一级反应模型,对加热温度30、40、50、60、70℃条件下苹果汁中还原型维生素C(AA)和氧化型维生素C(DHA)含量的变化及降解动力学进行了研究,结果表明:60℃的AA反应速率最大,DHA反应速率基本随着温度升高而增大;温度升高,可逆反应速率常数增大,其它降解途径速率常数变化不明显;AA无氧氧化速率与温度有一定关系,50℃的AA无氧氧化速率最大,70℃的AA无氧氧化速率最小;AA和DHA热降解反应活化能均低于一般化学反应活化能,说明苹果汁中维生素C热稳定性较差。维生素C的降解主要是有氧氧化反应,苹果汁中维生素C无氧降解速率比有氧降解速率慢;温度升高,苹果汁中维生素C有氧降解速度加快,无氧降解速度变化不明显。在苹果汁加工工艺中应尽量隔绝氧气,采用高温(70℃)短时热处理。对成品苹果汁应采用低温贮藏。     

抗坏血酸降解机理以及脱氢抗坏血酸对食品的影响研究进展

L-抗坏血酸（L-ascorbic Acid，AA）在食品中既能发挥抗氧化、抗褐变的作用，又能在食品体系中发生降解氧化产生褐色色素。因此正确认识其发生降解的机理，保护AA在食品中稳定性至关重要。该研究比较详细地综述了AA在不同条件下（氧、温度、pH值、底物浓度）的自降解机理以及参与美拉德反应的降解过程，同时对抗坏血酸降解产物-脱氢抗坏血酸（Dehydroascorbic Acid，DHAA）在食品中的有利和不利影响进行了总结，一方面DHAA可与面筋巯基交联，提高面团筋性；而另一方面，DHAA又会导致酚类物质降解，导致食品抗氧化能力降低；并且DHAA能够与蛋白质形成糖基化终产物，对人体产生有害物质。该综述以期为AA在食品加工中的降解提供更全面的研究视角。     

草莓汁贮藏期维生素C的降解动力学研究

本文研究了不同贮藏条件对草莓汁中维生素C降解的影响,分别采用玻璃瓶和PET瓶为包装材料对草莓汁在不同贮藏温度(4℃、20℃和37℃)下维生素C的降解规律进行分析,并分别建立动力学模型。结果表明:草莓汁中的维生素C对热不稳定,随贮藏温度的升高,降解速率增大,半衰期减小;同一贮藏温度下,PET瓶的降解速率大于玻璃瓶;玻璃瓶和PET瓶中草莓汁维生素C的降解均符合一级动力学模型,其反应活化能分别为32.04 kJ/mol和28.26 kJ/mol。两种包装材料预测模型的验证值与实测值的相关系数R~20.99,表明了模型的有效性,可用于预测任意温度下贮藏的维生素C含量及草莓汁货架期。同时对草莓汁中维生素C活化热力学函数(ΔG~≠,ΔH~≠,ΔS~≠,K~≠)的值进行了计算分析,为阐释维生素C降解机制提供了依据。     

赤藓糖醇对柠檬汁饮料中维生素C保护作用的研究

本文以柠檬汁饮料作为实验材料,采用调节温度的方法对维生素C的热降解进行动力学研究。在建立动力学模型的基础上,通过速率常数、反应活化能等动力学参数,来探究柠檬汁饮料中赤藓糖醇的加入对维生素C的保护作用。研究结果表明:柠檬汁饮料在贮藏过程中,维生素C对热不稳定,其热力学降解符合一级反应动力学模型;在本次实验中,1%~3%赤藓糖醇浓度的加入均有助于减缓维生素C的降解速率。其中,当赤藓糖醇添加浓度为2%时,维生素C降解反应活化能达到最大,为75.47kJ/mol,比对照高出了9.79kJ/mol。因此,赤藓糖醇在一定程度上能够起到对维生素C的保护作用。     

真空干燥过程中甘蓝叶绿素降解动力学的研究

研究甘蓝叶绿素在真空干燥过程中的降解规律,并建立其降解动力学模型。研究发现甘蓝在真空干燥过程中,叶绿素含量降低,颜色发生显著变化。其叶绿素降解符合一级反应动力学模型,降解活化能为15.9kJ/mol,降解模型为C=C0/exp[5.1×t×exp(-1917/T)],并对甘蓝叶绿素降解的模型进行验证,结果显示模型与实测值相对偏差仅为6.21%,该模型合理可信。     

无籽刺梨干燥特性及动力学模型

为制备无籽刺梨果干,采用热风干燥和真空干燥研究不同温度(50、60、70、80 ℃)对无籽刺梨干燥特性的影响,并建立动力学模型。采用Page、Newton、Midilli et al、Logarithmic、Wang and Singh、Modified Page、Henderson and Pabis、Two-term、Parabolic 9种干燥模型对2种干燥过程进行模型拟合,构建干燥动力学模型。结果表明:温度越高,干燥速率越大,水分有效扩散系数越大,热风干燥和真空干燥的活化能分别为35.534、17.187 kJ/mol。Modified Page模型适用于无籽刺梨热风干燥过程,模型的R~2、~(χ2)和SSE分别为0.99670、0.0003925、0.00588;Logarithmic模型适用于无籽刺梨的真空干燥,模型的R~2、~(χ2)和SSE分别为0.99538、0.000576和0.008065。研究结果可为无籽刺梨的热风干燥和真空干燥提供参考。     

草莓漂烫过程中过氧化物酶和V_C的失活动力学

探讨了草莓在75、80、85、90、95℃漂烫过程中过氧化物酶和V C的变化规律,建立热降解动力学方程。结果表明:草莓漂烫过程中过氧化物酶和V C热降解均符合一级动力学模型,草莓中的过氧化物酶热降解活化能为74.05 kJ/mol,其动力学模型预测值与真实值的平均误差1.53%。而草莓中Vc热降解活化能为54.68 kJ/mol,其动力学模型预测值与真实值的平均相对误差为2.9%,两个模型合理可信。     

Modelling of Vitamin C Degradation during Thermal and High-Pressure Treatments of Red Fruit

Vitamin C is known for its potent antioxidant properties. Since humans lack one of the final enzymes in the biosynthesis of this vitamin, they are dependent on dietary sources for their vitamin C needs. Strawberries are good sources of vitamin C, but the vitamin is unstable during food processing, and high temperatures have shown to induce rapid degradation. As an alternative preservation technique, high-pressure processing is investigated for its potential to achieve pasteurisation and sterilisation conditions at lower process temperatures and shorter treatment times compared to thermal processing. The objective of the present study was to examine quantitatively the effect of processing on vitamin C in strawberry and raspberry matrices by comparing thermal treatments (80–140 °C) to treatments at 700 MPa (60 °C, 90 °C and 110 °C). To this end, a mechanistic model was proposed and tested to fit the degradation of ascorbic acid (AA) and the consecutive formation and degradation of dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA). AA degradation followed a biphasic course: the aerobic reaction was fast and most important, while the anaerobic reaction was slow and only perceptible at temperatures of 120 °C and up. The oxidation of AA to DHAA was slower than the subsequent degradation of DHAA in the strawberry matrix; the opposite was true in the raspberry matrix. Both temperature and pressure enhanced the degradation of vitamin C. The proposed mechanistic model provided reasonably good fits to the experimental data, only to a lesser extent for the DHAA evolution during high-pressure processing.     

Drying kinetics and quality changes during drying of red pepper

A mathematical model is proposed to simulate the process of drying of individual pieces of red pepper under constant external conditions and to predict changes in some nutritional and organoleptic attributes of the product. The model was solved numerically to obtain moisture content and temperature as well as ascorbic acid and carotenoids concentration in the product as a function of time. A good agreement between predictions and experimental data at different drying temperatures was obtained.Water sorption isotherms of red pepper were determined in the range 20-50 °C and represented by two different sorption equations. Drying kinetics were represented by a diffusive model, the effective moisture diffusivity ranging from 5.01 to 8.32×10⁻¹⁰ m²/s with an activation energy of 23.35 kJ/mol. Degradation kinetics for ascorbic acid and total carotenoids were measured in the range 50-70 °C and modelled as first-order reactions. The rate constants increased with temperature and product moisture content. Average activation energies for carotenoids and vitamin C degradation were 50.1 and 26.9 kJ/mol, respectively.     

蓝靛果微波泡沫干燥过程中维生素C降解过程模拟

受干燥条件影响,食品原料中营养成分常发生降解,为阐明微波泡沫干燥条件对蓝靛果中维生素C稳定性的作用规律,本研究在对各影响因素进行通径分析的基础上,分阶段建立维生素C降解动力学模型,并据此建立多物理场仿真模型.结果表明:干燥过程中物料温度和含水率对维生素C降解同时存在直接影响和间接影响,温度升高和含水率下降均会导致维生素...     

Effects of industrial tomato paste processing on ascorbic acid, flavonoids and carotenoids and their stability over one-year storage

BACKGROUND : The effects of industrial tomato paste processing and long‐term (12 months) ambient storage on the content and stability of quercetin, kaempferol, ascorbic acid (AA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), β‐carotene and lycopene were evaluated in a commercially produced tomato paste. RESULTS : The initial thermal treatment (hot break; 93 °C for 5 min) resulted in significant reductions in quercetin (54%), kaempferol (61%), AA (63%) and β‐carotene (30%), whereas subsequent processing steps (e.g. evaporation and sterilization) did not result in marked changes in these compounds. Lycopene was stable during hot break but decreased by 20% through evaporation and sterilization. The ratio of DHAA:vitamin C increased during hot break to 23%, whereas the ratio of DHAA:vitamin C remained relatively low in subsequent processing steps, indicating that AA was not oxidized. AA decreased with prolonged storage, with only 13% remaining at 12 months. The carotenoids and quercetin remained stable through 12 months of ambient storage. CONCLUSIONS : Tomato pomace contained significant amounts of carotenoids and flavonoids, indicating that it may be an underutilized processing byproduct. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Thermal Stability of l-Ascorbic Acid and Ascorbic Acid Oxidase in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)

ABSTRACT: The thermal stability of vitamin C (including l -ascorbic acid [l -AA] and dehydroascorbic acid [DHAA]) in crushed broccoli was evaluated in the temperature range of 30 to 90 °C whereas that of ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) was evaluated in the temperature range of 20 to 95 °C. Thermal treatments (for 15 min) of crushed broccoli at 30 to 60 °C resulted in conversion of l -AA to DHAA whereas treatments at 70 to 90 °C retained vitamin C as l -AA. These observations indicated that enzymes (for example, AAO) could play a major role in the initial phase (that is, oxidation of l -AA to DHAA) of vitamin C degradation in broccoli. Consequently, a study to evaluate the temperature–time conditions that could result in AAO inactivation in broccoli was carried out. In this study, higher AAO activity was observed in broccoli florets than stalks. During thermal treatments for 10 min, AAO in broccoli florets and stalks was stable until around 50 °C. A 10-min thermal treatment at 80 °C almost completely inactivated AAO in broccoli. AAO inactivation followed 1st order kinetics in the temperature range of 55 to 65 °C. Based on this study, a thermal treatment above 70 °C is recommended for crushed vegetable products to prevent oxidation of l -AA to DHAA, the onset of vitamin C degradation. Practical Application : The results reported in this study are applicable for both domestic and industrial processing of vegetables into products such as juices, soups, and purees. In this report, we have demonstrated that processing crushed broccoli in a temperature range of 30 to 60 °C could result in the conversion of l -ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic (DHAA), a very important reaction in regard to vitamin C degradation because DHAA could be easily converted to other compounds that do not have the biological activity of vitamin C.