异海松酰肼系列衍生物的合成与表征

以异海松酸(IPA)为原料,经酰氯化和肼解两步反应合成了中间体异海松酰肼,该化合物进一步衍生化合成了异海松酰胺基(2,5-二甲基)吡咯、异海松酰胺基硫脲、异海松酰胺基苯基硫脲和异海松酰胺基苯磺酰胺等4种新型异海松酰肼衍生物,收率为53.67％～76.46％.所得产物经光谱和波谱分析得到确证.     

β-咔啉杂合咪唑类化合物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

β-咔啉类生物碱具有广泛的生物活性,包括抗疟活性、抗菌活性以及抗肿瘤活性等。以L-色氨酸为原料,经Pictet-Spengler环化反应、氧化脱羧、N9-烷基化等反应步骤合成一系列β-咔啉杂合咪唑类化合物。目标化合物经1HNMR、13C NMR和HRMS确证结构。采用MTT(噻唑蓝)法检测了目标化合物对肺癌细胞(A549),胃癌细胞(BGC-823),结肠癌细胞(CT-26),肝癌细胞(Bel-7402)和乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)的体外抗肿瘤活性,结果表明大部分化合物对这五种肿瘤细胞株表现出了中等及优良的抑制活性。特别是化合物3-苄基-11-(3-苯基丙基)-11H-咪唑并[1",5":1,2]吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(Ⅴr),对CT-26,Bel-7402和MCF-7 细胞株的抑制活性均小于10 μmol/L。此外,分子对接结果表明化合物3-苄基-11-甲基-11H-咪唑并[1",5":1,2]吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(Ⅴa),3-苄基-11-丁基-11H-咪唑并[1",5":1,2]吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(Ⅴf)和3-苄基-11-(3-苯基丙基)-11H-咪唑并[1",5":1,2]吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(Ⅴr)与VEGFR2的多个氨基酸残基具有良好的结合作用。     

苯联三唑(磺)酰胺衍生物的合成及抑菌活性

[目的]寻找新杀菌活性的苯联三唑(磺)酰胺衍生物。[方法]设计合成了系列N-(4-(3-苯基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯基)苯磺酰胺或苯甲酰胺衍生物,以菌丝生长速率法对其抑菌活性进行了初步评价。[结果]合成了3类12个N-(4-(3-苯基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯基)苯磺酰胺或苯甲酰胺衍生物,结构经1H及13C NMR确证。[结论]目标化合物收率为60.7%～81.3%;该类化合物对番茄灰霉病菌有较强抑制作用,其中11个化合物的抑菌率均大于85%,优于对照药剂烯唑醇(80.8%);5个化合物对苹果腐烂病菌的抑菌率大于74%,优于烯唑醇(68.6%)。     

新型双酰胺衍生物的合成及抗癌活性

以取代苯甲酸为起始原料,设计合成了10个含苯并噻唑基双酰胺类化合物,其结构经1HNMR、13CNMR、IR及元素分析确证。采用MTT法进行化合物抑制PC3、BGC-823癌细胞体外活性测试,结果表明,所合成的化合物具有不同程度地抑制癌细胞活性,其中化合物N-[2-(6-甲基苯并噻唑-2-氨基甲酰基)-4-甲基苯基]-4-氯苯甲酰胺(Ⅳa)和N-[2-(4-甲基苯并噻唑-2-氨基甲酰基)-4-甲基苯基]-2-甲基苯甲酰胺(Ⅳe)在10μmol/L浓度下对PC3的抑制率为70.8%和68.4%,N-[2-(苯并噻唑-2-氨基甲酰基)-4-甲基苯基]-2-甲基苯甲酰胺(Ⅳd)在10μmol/L浓度下对BGC-823的抑制率为65.9%。     

治疗骨髓增殖性肿瘤药物TG101209的合成

本文研究了治疗骨髓增殖性肿瘤药物TG101209的合成工艺。以2,4-二羟基-5-甲基嘧啶为起始原料,与三氯氧磷、氨水发生氯化、取代反应生成2-氯-4-氨基-5-甲基嘧啶(B),B再与N-叔丁基-3-溴苯磺酰胺(C)发生Buchwald偶联反应得到3-[(2-氯-5-甲基-4-嘧啶基)胺基]-N-(叔丁基)苯磺酰胺(D)。以甲醇为溶剂,D与CH3OH-HCl反应得到3-[(2-氯-5-甲基-4-嘧啶基)胺基]-N-(叔丁基)苯磺酰胺盐酸盐(E),E与1-甲基-4-(4-氨基苯基)哌啶(G)发生亲核取代反应得到N-叔丁基-3-(5-甲基-2-[4-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪)苯胺基]-4-胺基嘧啶)-苯磺酰胺(TG101209)。总收率达到30.9%,HPLC测得纯度达到99.7%。     

磺酰磺隆的合成

[目的]寻找具有工业化前景的除草剂磺酰磺隆的合成工艺。[方法]以2-氯咪唑[1,2-a]吡啶-3-磺酰胺为起始原料,先与乙硫醇钠反应合成2-乙硫基咪唑[1,2-a]吡啶-3-磺酰胺,再与双氧水反应合成2-乙磺酰基咪唑[1,2-a]吡啶-3-磺酰胺,最后与N-(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶基-2-基)氨基甲酸苯酯反应合成磺酰磺隆。[结果]通过实验,确定了最佳路线,3步反应总收率68.1%,含量98.2%(HPLC)。[结论]该合成工艺具有步骤少、收率高、安全可靠的特点,可为工业化生产提供参考。     

N-(4-(N-取代氨磺酰基)苯基)-α-龙脑烯酸酰胺化合物

为了寻找天然产物基抑菌剂,以α-蒎烯(I)为原料,经环氧化和催化异构得到α-龙脑烯醛(III),进一步转化为α-龙脑烯酸(IV)和α-龙脑烯酸酰氯(V),然后与4-(N-取代氨磺酰基)苯胺类化合物发生N-酰化反应,以32.8~78.1%的收率合成得到8个N-(4-(N-取代氨磺酰基)苯基)-α-龙脑烯酸酰胺化合物VIa～VIh。采用FTIR、1HNMR、13CNMR和ESI-MS对目标产物进行结构表征。抑菌活性测试表明,在50 µg/mL质量浓度下,目标化合物显示一定的抑菌活性,其中化合物N-[4-(N-(噻唑-2-基)氨磺酰基)苯基]-α-龙脑烯酸酰胺(Ⅵe)对小麦赤霉病菌和黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率分别为71.3%（活性级别为B级）和68.0%（活性级别为C级）。     

N-[p-(取代氨基磺酰基)苯基]-α-龙脑烯酸酰胺化合物的合成及其抑菌活性

以α-蒎烯为原料,经环氧化和催化异构得到α-龙脑烯醛,再经氧化反应得到α-龙脑烯酸,进一步反应制得α-龙脑烯酸酰氯,然后与磺胺类化合物发生N-酰化反应,以32.8%~78.1%的收率合成了8个N-[4-(N-取代氨磺酰基)苯基]-α-龙脑烯酸酰胺化合物Ⅵ(a~h)。采用FTIR、1HNMR、13CNMR和ESI-MS对目标产物进行了结构表征。抑菌活性测试结果表明:在质量浓度50μg/m L下,目标化合物均显示了一定的抑菌活性,其中,化合物N-[p-(噻唑-2-基)氨基磺酰基苯基]-α-龙脑烯酸酰胺(Ⅵe)对小麦赤霉病菌和黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率分别为71.3%和68.0%。     

异海松酸基酰腙化合物的合成及抗癌活性研究

以异海松酸(IPA)为原料,通过羧基酰氯化、肼解和缩合3步反应,合成了5种异海松酸基酰腙化合物(Ⅲa~Ⅲe)。目标化合物的结构通过IR、~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR和MS分析得到确证,并通过MTT法测试目标产物对小鼠HepG2癌细胞的抑制活性。结果表明,5种化合物对小鼠HepG2癌细胞均表现出抑制活性,其中,化合物Ⅲa和Ⅲc在浓度为100μmol/L时对小鼠HepG2癌细胞表现出显著的抑制活性,抑制率分别为75.42%和70.50%。     

新型除草剂苯嘧磺草胺的合成研究

以2-氯-4-氟苯甲酸为起始原料,经硫酸和硝酸硝化,氯化亚砜酰化后与N-甲基-N-异丙基磺酰胺反应得到化合物N-(2-氯-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲酰)-N′-异丙基-N′-甲基磺酰胺;制得N-(2-氯-4-氟-5-硝基苯甲酰)-N′-异丙基-N′-甲基磺酰胺经钯碳加氢硝基还原,然后与氯甲酸乙酯反应得到化合物N-[2-氯-4-氟-5-{(乙氧基羰基)氨基}苯甲酰]-N′-异丙基-N′-甲基磺酰胺;N-[2-氯-4-氟-5-{(乙氧基羰基)氨基}苯甲酰]-N′-异丙基-N′-甲基磺酰胺与3-甲基氨基-4,4,4-三氟丁烯酸乙酯进行环化,得到目的产物苯嘧磺草胺。总收率68.0%(以2-氯-4-氟苯甲酸计)。经核磁谱图分析,所得化合物与目的产物苯嘧磺草胺结构一致。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.