肥东地震台地电阻率观测场地勘选

按照《地震及前兆数字观测技术规范》和《地震台站观测环境技术要求(第二部分,电磁观测)》(GB/T 19531.2-2004),对安徽省肥东地震台地电阻率观测场地进行了勘选,采用十字电测深法勘探地下介质的电性结构分布情况,并对观测环境进行电磁骚扰测试,经过对测量结果进行计算和初步分析处理后,认为该场地适合地电阻率台站建设...     

铁轨干扰浚县地震台地电阻率观测的有限元分析

2016年5月浚县地震台地电阻率EW向测值出现明显变化,为正确评价该变化,依据浚县地震台地质资料、岩层电性资料和EW向电测深曲线,将该台地下介质电性分布简化为二维电性结构,建立三维有限元模型。通过数值模拟,计算测区内地表铁轨干扰对地电阻率观测的影响形态和幅度。结果表明,由数值模拟所得干扰幅度、形态与实际测值的异常变化较吻合,因此从数值分析的角度确定了铁轨对浚县地震台地电阻率观测的干扰。     

浅谈高密度电法在隐伏断裂探测中的应用

高密度电法基本原理与传统电阻率法相同,因此高密度电法也被称作是直流高密度电阻率法。近年来该方法被广泛的应用在重大工程场地的工程地质调查、坝基及桥墩选址、采空区及地裂缝探测等众多工程勘察领域。本文阐述了应用高密度电法对金州断裂普兰店一九寨段进行详细勘查,检验该方法的准确性、可靠性、适宜性及抗干扰能力。     

频谱激电法在安徽沙溪斑岩铜矿中的应用

为探查安徽沙溪斑岩型铜矿区深部矿体及隐伏矿体,同时为了试验频谱激电法在此类矿产探测中的应用效果,在安徽沙溪斑岩铜矿区布置了一条2 km的频谱激电法(SIP)测线,经过一系列的数据处理及反演,得到7个不同电性参数断面图,对比分析并结合钻孔地质剖面,视电阻率和相位断面图较好的反映了矿体的形态,极化率和金属因子断面图较好的反映了矿体,电性异常与实际矿体的位置及埋深有较好的一致性.试验结果表明,频谱激电法在斑岩铜矿探测中可以取得较好的效果,该方法在高电阻率、高极化率的金属矿的探测中同样可以发挥重要的作用.     

固定点源测深激电异常研究

电阻率法三维有限元数值模拟方法的实现, 给研究形状复杂的地质体的电性异常提供了有力工具.本文利用该数值模拟程序,通过先模拟计算模型的视电阻率,然后利用视电阻率和视极化率的转换公式转换,从而实现对激电异常的数值模拟.文章计算并分析了固定点源测深法在各种1\|D、2\|D、3\|D模型下的激电异常规律及定量解释结果,力求使人们从空间不同角度了解该方法的IP异常规律,从而指导野外生产实践,提高解释效率和精度.     

偶极电测深法预报地震的试验研究

本文依据现场仪器观测资料,总结了1982年以来,用偶极电测深法预报地震的试验研究,结果表明:震前测区内不同深度的岩石电阻率确有不同程度的异常反映,并具深部岩石电阻率异常幅度较其浅部岩石电阻率异常幅度大之特点,最大幅度可达24％。实验表明,利用偶极电测深法观测到的中等深度(2～6km)的电阻率(ρ_s)异常要比四极对称法测到的浅层(几百米)电阻率(ρ_s)异常幅度大。该深度与郭增建提出的地下前兆优显层的深度大体相等。     

高密度电法的三维数据场可视化

高密度电法是重要物探方法之一,由于它具有施工快捷、分辨率高、可靠性好、图像直观等优点,已被广泛应用于寻找金属非金属矿、地下水及各类工程地质勘察等众多领域.目前,该方法在数据资料处理方面还局限在二维图像.本文结合在山西阳泉复杂采空区利用高密度电法和高精度GPS测量联合勘察的工程实例,基于WinDisp软件平台,实现了高密度电法的三维数据场可视化,构建了视电阻率参数下的三维地质体结构模型,并且可以任意移动、旋转、切片、分层显示、实时显示真实地理坐标等.该模型客观、真实、形象地反映了电性异常的三维地质结构,为高分辨率预测复杂采空区的空间分布特征提供了直观、可靠的资料.     

白龙江流域隐伏活断层的电性特征研究及分类

白龙江流域构造位置特殊,新构造活动极为强烈,而针对本区隐伏活断层勘查的研究较少。高密度电法灵活高效、便于实施,非常适合地形复杂的白龙江流域,但在复杂地质环境下存在着严重的多解性问题。基于大量地球物理数据对该流域隐伏活断层的电性异常特征进行研究,并按照电性异常发生位置及特点将隐伏活断层的电性特征分为五类,可作为断层识别依据的有四类,主要表现为"高(低)阻背景、低(高)阻条带"的电性特征;电性异常难以识别的原因主要由"野外布设"与"地质背景"两类情况造成,每类中又包含多种影响因素。文章的研究成果显示,白龙江流域隐伏活断层的电性异常响应有迹可循,部分可以作为定性或定量描述隐伏活断层的依据,从而为高密度电法在本区隐伏活断层的勘查中提供重要的参考价值。     

大同地电阻率NS测向异常分析

2014年大同地震台地电阻率NS测向出现年变畸变现象,经现场调查,发现测区有铁丝网干扰。利用NS测向电测深曲线,以水平层状模型反演测区电性结构,计算各层介质影响系数,结果发现,浅层介质影响系数为正,合理解释了大同地电阻率NS测向"夏低冬高"的年变现象。在此基础上,应用有限元数值分析和三维影响系数分布,判定测区内铁丝网对地电阻率观测的影响,分析认为,当前存在的趋势异常变化为地电阻率干扰。     

江苏省地电阻率年变化及其差异性探讨

以江苏省江宁地震台、新沂地震台和海安地震台为例,归纳了江苏省地电阻率年变化特征的类型,并对地电阻率年变化差异性的原因做了探讨。通过反演计算指出地电阻率年变化差异性的原因主要是由各观测场地地下电性结构造成的,分析这种不同有益于解决在场地选择中如何得到一个规则年变的场地,以便更好地服务于地震预报的数据处理。     

高密度电法在水库坝址区勘察中的应用

近年来高密度电法被广泛应用于重大水利工程场地的工程地质调查、坝基及桥墩选址、采空区及地裂缝探测等诸多工程勘察领域。本文利用高密度电法对某水库大坝坝址区的覆盖层厚度、隐伏断层等地质结构进行探测,并在结合钻探资料和区域地质资料综合分析的基础上,取得了理想的勘察结果。查明水库区存在隐伏的断层和覆盖层厚度,为水库坝址选择提供重要的地球物理依据。      

Time‐lapse electrical resistivity imaging of solute transport in a karst conduit

The use of electrical resistivity surveys to locate karst conduits has shown mixed success. However, time‐lapse electrical resistivity imaging combined with salt injection improves conduit detection and can yield valuable insight into solute transport behaviour. We present a proof of concept above a known karst conduit in the Kentucky Horse Park (Lexington, Kentucky). A salt tracer solution was injected into a karst window over a 45‐min interval, and repeat resistivity surveys were collected every 20 min along a 125‐m transect near a monitoring well approximately 750 m downgradient from the injection site. In situ fluid conductivity measurements in the well peaked at approximately 25% of the initial value about 3 h after salt injection. Time‐lapse electrical resistivity inversions show two broad zones at the approximate conduit depth where resistivity decreased and then recovered in general agreement with in situ measurements. Combined salt injection and electrical resistivity imaging are a promising tool for locating karst conduits. The method is also useful for gaining insight into conduit geometry and could be expanded to include multiple electrical resistivity transects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

岩石裂隙电阻率特征研究

岩石的电阻率差是电阻率法的物理前提,利用电阻率法研究断层是比较有效的方法。利用断层破碎带与周围岩石的电阻率差异,跨断层做了大量的实验数据,通过对比和分析,得出了研究破碎带与周围岩石的电性差异,寻找变化规律,研究其变化特征。对今后断层探测具有重要价值,对防震减灾具有重要意义。     

金属大棚对周口台地电阻率干扰定量分析

周口地电阻率观测2015年出现异常变化,因异常期间该台场地存在较多干扰源。为正确评价该次异常,在电测深结果的基础上建立三维数值模型,采用有限元数值计算,定量评估该台测区周围金属蔬菜大棚等干扰源对地电阻率观测的影响量。结果表明:金属大棚可能是周口台本次地电阻率异常的主要影响因素。     

Challenges of using electrical resistivity method to locate karst conduits—A field case in the Inner Bluegrass Region, Kentucky

Conduits serve as major pathways for groundwater flow in karst aquifers. Locating them from the surface, however, is one of the most challenging tasks in karst research. Geophysical methods are often deployed to help locate voids by mapping variations of physical properties of the subsurface. Conduits can cause significant contrasts of some physical properties that can be detected; other subsurface features such as water-bearing fractures often yield similar contrasts, which are difficult to distinguish from the effects of the conduits. This study used electrical resistivity method to search for an unmapped karst conduit that recharges Royal Spring in the Inner Bluegrass karst region, Kentucky, USA. Three types of resistivity techniques (surface 2D survey, quasi-3D survey, and time-lapse survey) were used to map and characterize resistivity anomalies. Some of the major anomalies were selected as drilling targets to verify the existence of the conduits. Drilling near an anomaly identified by an electrical resistivity profile resulted in successful penetration of a major water-filled conduit. The drilling results also suggest that, in this study area, low resistivity anomalies in general are associated with water-bearing features. However, differences in the anomaly signals between the water-filled conduit and other water-bearing features such as water-filled fracture zones were undistinguishable. The electrical resistivity method is useful in conduit detection by providing potential drilling targets. Knowledge of geology and hydrogeology about the site and professional judgment also played important roles in locating the major conduit.     

3D electrical resistivity inversion using prior spatial shape constraints

To minimize the number of solutions in 3D resistivity inversion, an inherent problem in inversion, the amount of data considered have to be large and prior constraints need to be applied. Geological and geophysical data regarding the extent of a geological anomaly are important prior information. We propose the use of shape constraints in 3D electrical resistivity inversion, Three weighted orthogonal vectors （a normal and two tangent vectors） were used to control the resistivity differences at the boundaries of the anomaly. The spatial shape of the anomaly and the constraints on the boundaries of the anomaly are thus established. We incorporated the spatial shape constraints in the objective function of the 3D resistivity inversion and constructed the 3D resistivity inversion equation with spatial shape constraints. Subsequently, we used numerical modeling based on prior spatial shape data to constrain the direction vectors and weights of the 3D resistivity inversion. We established a reasonable range between the direction vectors and weights, and verified the feasibility and effectiveness of using spatial shape prior constraints in reducing excessive structures and the number of solutions. We applied the prior spatially shape-constrained inversion method to locate the aquifer at the Guangzhou subway. The spatial shape constraints were taken from ground penetrating radar data. The inversion results for the location and shape of the aquifer agree well with drilling data, and the number of inversion solutions is significantly reduced.     

An application of three-dimensional electrical resistivity imaging for the detection of an underground waste-water system

A 3D electrical resistivity imaging survey is presented in this paper. The objective was to investigate an underground wastewater system at the University of Malaya, Malaysia. Apparent resistivity data were collected along ten parallel lines using a Wenner-Schlumberger configuration; electrode cables were oriented in the x-direction with 3 m spacing. Roll-along measurements using a line spacing of 3 m were carried out covering a grid of 20 × 10 electrodes. All data sets were merged into a single data file in order to perform a 3D inversion. Two different 3D least squares algorithms, based on the robust inversion method and the smoothness-constrained technique, were used for the inversion of the apparent resistivity data. Both the horizontal and vertical extents of the anomalous zones found by inversion are displayed. The results indicate the superiority of the robust inversion method over the smoothness-constrained technique at this site. The results are in sufficient accordance with previously known information about the investigation area. The results show that 3D electrical resistivity imaging surveys, in combination with an appropriate 3D inversion method, can be highly useful for engineering and archaeological investigations as well as for environmental applications.     

利用电成像结果推断隐伏断裂的方法及其典型形式

经过几年的试验,探测城市浅层隐伏断裂的电成像技术已取得进展。根据在北京奥运村、山东、甘肃和山西等地的试验探测结果,总结了利用电成像结果推断反映城市浅层隐伏断裂的电性结构间断面的方法、步骤及其典型表现形式。一般情况下,在分析时,首先分析电性结构的层状特征,以此初步判定探测区域中是否存在电性结构间断面;其次,要由深入浅分析电阻率等值线,如果它们能够从探测剖面的深部向上延伸到浅部,且存在等值线的整体性错断、强烈(集中)弯曲或梯度带,则表明存在表征隐伏断裂的电性结构间断面;最后需进行水平追踪分析,以确定表征隐伏断裂的电性结构间断面的空间展布。通过总结,可将电性结构间断面分为AB、ABA和AC3种类型。在文中,以淄博段张店-仁河断裂系为例,详细说明了如何使用所总结的方法来推断目标隐伏断裂的位置及空间展布。根据研究结果布设了工程钻孔,其结果证实文中的推断是正确的。不过,文中介绍的方法不是惟一的、死板的,切不可生搬硬套,仅期望为今后利用电成像结果推测城市浅层隐伏断裂的工作提一些供参考和帮助。     

岩石电阻率的实验研究

本文首先概述岩石在室内各种受载条件下电阻率的实验研究工作,这对于认识和理解电阻率变化特征、规律以及探索其机理起着重要的作用。但是在实验中主要采用4个固定电极的测量系统,它只能获得从某个深度到岩样表面的整个深度层的视电阻率变化的综合信息,而无法获得不同深度层的视电阻率变化特征,不利于进一步研究电阻率及其各向异性变化的机理。我们利用电阻率层析成像方法获得了多个方向的电阻率数据,据此可以获得随深度变化的电阻率及其各向异性曲线以及随应力变化的电阻率图像,可能为深入理解和研究电阻率变化机理起到积极的帮助。