Electronic geothermal atlases of Asian Russia

Generalized geothermal data was used to produce two electronic atlases for Asian Russia,Geothermal Atlas of Siberia（GAS）（1995-2000） and Geothermal Atlas for Siberia and Russian Far East（GASRFE）（2009-2012）.The atlases include heat flow maps,temperatures at depths of 0.5,1,2,3,5 km and lower boundary of permafrost.Quantitative values of parameters are presented as isolines（GAS） and symbols（GASRFE）.GAS website is located at the Trofimuk Institute（www.ipgg.sbras.ru/ru/institute/structure/geophysics/natural-fields）.GASRFE provides the most complete geothermal data on Asian Russia,which has been growing for the last 50 years,and is published on the Internet at http：//maps.nrcgit.ru/geoterm.In this atlas,data about the depth of permafrost lower boundary（ ＂zero＂ isotherm） are presented for the first time.     

The biogeographical map series for Asian Russia

We give a review of the biogeographical 1:7 500 000 map series for Asian Russia. We examine the compilation technique and contents of each map in the series.     

Reflections Upon the State of Asian Tourism

This paper addresses the implications of the Asian economic crisis for tourism. The nature of the crisis is discussed briefly and its occurrence at a time of previously rapid regional growth in tourism is pointed out. It is argued that effective demand diminished at a time when supply was increasing. In the short term, reductions in regional travel and spending have been widespread and not confined to Southeast Asia. In the longer term, reduced real prices will make Asian destinations highly competitive in long-haul markets provided that the quality of products is maintained. The crisis emphasises the need to examine tourism planning initiatives, to acknowledge that the tourism product consists of more than the provision of quality accommodation, and to give greater attention to product differentiation.     

Seismic travel times for central Asian epicentres

b
Observations of P and S from deep earthquakes in the Hindu Kush region are analysed. They are reduced to a surface focus by a method of S. Mohorovičić. Cubic forms in Δ are found to fit the times of P satisfactorily up to 19|Mo and of S to 21|Mo. The coefficient of the cube term is less for S than for P , indicating that the S rays are much straighter than the P ones.
A cubic from 21|Mo to 37|Mo and a quadratic from 37|Mo to 95|Mo fitted the times of P , with t and dt/dΔ continuous. Beyond 92|Mo it seems that the time curve becomes nearly straight, as had been suspected previously. For S cubics from 22.5|Mo to 37|Mo and from 37|Mo to 94|Mo fitted; there are few data beyond 95|Mo and a linear extrapolation was made to 105|Mo.
For both P and S there are considerable drops in dt/dΔ about distance 20|Mo. Analysis for P at 1|Mo intervals showed that the times beyond 20|Mo vary smoothly with distance, and that the 20|Mo discontinuity cannot be smoothed over more than 2|Mo. The large amplitudes in this range strongly suggest that the variation of dt/dΔ is continuous and not due to the entry of an overtaking branch. The data for S are less clear but would suggest a similar strong d²dΔ² about 22|Mo.
There is evidence that the times of P , extrapolated to distance 0|Mo, are about 0.6 s more than those found by Willmore in the Heligoland explosion. The intervals between P and its near reflexion agree with this, and could be interpreted as an effect of the height of the region. If so it may be desirable at some stage to adapt the results to sea level.     

东亚夏季副热带季风活动范围研究进展

东亚夏季副热带季风(EASSM)的活动范围和强度对中国大陆的中东部、日本、朝鲜半岛和西北太平洋地区的降水有重要影响.综述东亚夏季副热带季风活动范围研究成果,分析东亚夏季副热带季风活动范围变化的可能原因,对今后如何进一步开展这方面研究提出了一些建议,这对于东亚夏季副热带季风的进退、季风边缘带的气候变化、中国北方干旱化和生态环境的演变等科学问题的研究都有借鉴作用.季风活动的范围是一个动态区域,东亚夏季副热带季风活动的边界可用其活动所能到达地区的概率来划分.东亚夏季副热带季风活动的范围和边界的变化不仅与热带季风向北爆发的强弱有关,还与极地和中高纬度的环流系统,以及青藏高原对季风的动力、热力作用都有密切的关系,今后应加强这方面的研究工作,尤其要加强定量描述东亚夏季副热带季风变化的研究工作,这将有助于进一步科学界定东亚夏季副热带季风活动范围.     

东亚地区城市体系研究

东亚地区作为一个整体崛起于20世纪后期,而其城市则是构建东亚生产网络的关键节点。本文利用现有的5种计量方法来分析东亚地区城市体系的城市人口规模等级结构特征,发现：东亚地区的城市体系基本符合二倍律法则,而东亚诸国内部的城市规模等级结构可以大致分成“正金字塔型”和“纺锤型”两种类型;城市体系的城市分形维度很低,基本上都属于首位型的位序一规模分布。     

The First Asian Young Geographers Workshop Held Online

On December 18th-19th,2021,the First Asian Young Geographers Workshop was held online.Initiated by the Young Geographers Working Group of the Asian Geographical...     

Asian Labor Recruitment and the World Wide Web

International labor migration is produced and patterned through the activities of government and private institutions, such as labor recruiters and government officials. Recently, labor recruitment agencies have utilized the World Wide Web as a means of facilitating the procurement of foreign employment contracts. The purpose of this research is to examine the institutional usage of the Web as a means to facilitate the global flow of labor. Based on a qualitative assessment of 27 recruitment-related Web sites, I suggest that Web-based recruitment reinforces global patterns of gendered, racial, and occupational segregation. Moreover, Web-based recruitment offers the potential for revolutionizing patterns and processes of international labor migration.     

Regional seismic travel times for central Asian epicentres

Summary. Travel times for central Asia studied by Gogna, Jeffreys and Shimshoni are modified. Corrected surface times of P and S are tabulated and a structure is computed. We tabulate also full travel-time tables for all usual depths of focus.     

Central Asian geo-relation networks: Evolution and driving forces

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Due to the unique geographical location and historical background of Central Asia, the region’s geo-relation networks are complex and changeable. A social...     

东亚冬季风指数研究进展

概述了东亚冬季风指数研究的一些进展,重点介绍了中国气象工作者有关这方面研究及其应用的一些成果.将东亚冬季风指数分为海陆差异类、高压特征类、风场特征类、环流特征类和综合类5类.指出①海陆差异类指数一般在反映对中国大陆同期气温影响方面在沿海较好,适当调整表征海、陆的经线位置,可望在其影响的描述效果上有更好的表现.另外,此类冬季风指数对南北向的海陆差异方面一般考虑得不多.②高压特征类指数对中国大陆冬季气温的变化有最好的反应能力,但仅考虑高压的特征的绝对变化,可能会对冬季风的影响反映得不够全面.③环流特征类指数一般仅考虑东亚大槽的强弱变化,综合其他关键区域的变化特征,可能更有利于对冬季风变率的描述.④风场特征类指数在经向风范围的选取上由低纬度区域向中高纬度扩展,其应用的范围可能更为广泛.⑤东亚冬季风是一个复杂的气候系统,系统考虑低层风场、对流层中层环流形势、地表气温、地面气压场及海陆差异等综合特征的指数研究应受到更广泛的关注.⑥由于东亚冬季风异常存在明显的地域差异,考虑到冬季风成因的复杂性,及不同因子对区域气候影响的贡献程度不同,分区研究也应是指数研究的一个方向.⑦鉴于东亚冬季风主要源于西伯利亚高压,因此对冬季风源地强度、面积、地理位置等特征的表述形式研究也应引起足够重视.     

“亚洲地中海”航运连通性研究

随着《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》的签署,亚洲一体化进程进入新的阶段。作为一体化核心区的“亚洲地中海”港口间的互联互通随着时间变化有什么特点、贸易一体化进程中港口连通具有什么规律,均有待明确。本文利用1890—2008年航线数据构建长时段的航运网络,从港口功能和航线连通两个维度研究该区域的航运连通特征,并结合波特的钻石模型分析演化机制。主要结论为：① 从港口的联系强度和广度看,第二次世界大战（简称二战）前,日本港口崛起,二战后,新加坡和香港长期维持枢纽地位,中国改革开放后,特别是加入世界贸易组织后,中国港口得到快速发展;② 从港口的中转功能看,二战前,各港口的转运能力差距不大,二战后,新加坡、香港和釜山先后成为三大中转枢纽;③ 长时段的港口联通经历航运线路松散布局（19世纪90年代—20世纪20年代）、航运网路形成与发展（20世纪30年代后）、多枢纽港提升（20世纪50年代起）、港口群聚发展（20世纪90年代起）4个阶段;④ 生产要素和管理者的政策促进港口长期稳定发展,需求条件和外部机遇推动港口繁荣,管理者的变化深刻影响港口组织模式,企业战略和港口间竞争影响港口连通性。长时段的演变规律表明,该区域港口网络从分裂到融合是大势所趋,少数港口因海陆地理位置优越,长期位列第一梯队,那些后期开发和非枢纽型港口要主动融入航运网络的一体化中去,充分发挥体制机制改革的效应。     

Escaping the Territorially Trapped East Asian Developmental State Thesis

Using a multiscalar approach, there has been a recent increase in geographic critiques of the East Asian developmental state thesis (DST). These critiques argue that the existing DST literature is epistemologically caught in a territorial trap. There has been less concern, however, about the methodology related to this research. In this article, I suggest that scholars consider not only the epistemological perspective but also the methodological dimension to effectively exploit the less territorially trapped DST research. Based on these analyses, this article emphasizes that interdisciplinary research using a multiscalar methodology and epistemology is required to better explain economic development in East Asia.     

一次向西输送的亚洲沙尘过程

一般情况下发生在中国和蒙古国的沙尘天气是向东移动的。对2004年11月24~27日新疆北部的NOAA-AVHRR遥感数据进行沙尘提取发现,在新疆北部的古尔班通古特沙漠发生了明显的沙尘现象,沙尘却向西移动,经过阿拉山口向哈萨克斯坦输送。使用地面台站的观测数据对此进行了验证,发现地面确实观测到了沙尘现象,而且在850hPa的高空存在明显的偏东大风,这说明近地面的东风将沙尘向西输送,导致沙漠西面的台站观测到沙尘现象。     

东亚季风边缘活动带研究综述

由于其同时具有的生态脆弱性和气候敏感性,东亚季风边缘研究有利于加深认识季风以及生态系统在过渡带上的特性,而且它对于国家的西部大开发战略以及南水北调工程都有重要的气候学指导意义.从天气学原理角度出发,分析指出青藏高原等地形以及海陆热力差异是对东亚季风边缘影响的重要因子,ENSO和全球变暖等因子对季风边缘活动也有影响.阐述了季风的年际变化,季风边缘,季风边缘进退等概念.通过对代用资料如湖相沉积,湖面大小变化,陆相沉积以及农牧交错带演变研究的综述,对古季风的演变做了分析,指出近几千年来干旱化趋势的存在.利用现有气象观测资料所作的东亚季风边缘的年际和年代际变化很少,这是一个可以深入研究的方面,已有的气候平均态的研究可以对此做一定的指导.同时,北方干旱化和东亚冬季风边缘研究既有区别又有联系,两方面相互促进.     

The conception framework of Asian urban development in transition

IntroductionImper'tant academic results concerning urballhation worldwide, especially the ongoing urban tranSihon ofdeVeloping world of Asia haVe been achieved in the past tWo decades. The theoretical frameWork ofurbaniZation discourse itSelf has been evolving by stages in accordance with the major historical advancesof social sciences. The attempt to explain the relationship between urbalhaation and economic growth ofindividual countries dominated the literatUre in the 1960s and the 1970s…