TC4合金微动磨损过渡区摩擦行为

为研究TC4合金微动磨损过渡区摩擦行为特点,采用SRV-IV微动摩擦磨损试验机,对球/平面接触的GCr15钢球/合金TC4摩擦副在100 N法向载荷下进行微动磨损试验,得到TC4合金微动磨损过渡区的范围,分析不同状态下摩擦因数演变及磨痕表面形貌特点,研究磨损机制的变化。结果表明:微动状态下,摩擦因数在磨合阶段波动剧烈,达到稳定磨损阶段后趋于稳定,且稳定状态下的摩擦因数随着位移幅值的增加而增加;往复滑动状态下,不同位移幅值下的摩擦因数曲线近乎重合且波动剧烈;微动磨损过渡区的摩擦因数变化处于2种状态的转变阶段。微动状态下,磨痕表面轮廓线粗糙,损伤轻微,磨损机制以黏着磨损和疲劳剥层为主;往复滑动状态下,轮廓线更光滑且损伤严重,磨损机制以磨粒磨损及塑性变形为主;微动磨损过渡区轮廓线由粗糙变为光滑,磨损深度及宽度突增,磨损机制由黏着磨损转变为磨粒磨损。     

位移幅值对ZG230-450铸钢微动磨损行为的影响

在不同位移幅值(60～140μm)下对ZG230-450铸钢进行微动磨损试验,研究了位移幅值对摩擦因数、磨损体积和磨损机制的影响.结果表明:随着位移幅值增大,铸钢的微动磨损行为由混合滑移转变为完全滑移,耗散能逐渐增大;混合滑移状态下,摩擦因数经过上升阶段后就迅速进入稳定阶段,而完全滑移状态下的摩擦因数经历了上升阶段、波动阶段和趋于稳定阶段,位移幅值越大,进入稳定阶段需要的往复运动次数越多;随着位移幅值增大,磨痕面积和磨损体积均增加,磨损机制由黏着磨损和剥层磨损向磨粒磨损和剥层磨损过渡.     

不同载荷下水润滑高分子材料磨损机制的试验研究

为了研究载荷对新型水润滑高分子轴承材料磨损机制的影响,在CFT-1型摩擦磨损试验机上对该材料进行不同载荷下的无/有水润滑摩擦磨损试验,通过考察试样的摩擦因数、磨痕和磨损表面形貌,分析该材料的磨损机制。结果表明:在无水润滑条件下,该材料的摩擦因数随着载荷的增加呈现先降低后逐渐上升的变化趋势,磨损表面均出现塑性变形和撕裂脱落现象,磨损机制主要为黏着磨损,其中随着载荷的增大表面塑性变形趋于严重,而表面撕裂脱落在中等载荷下较为轻微,在低载荷和高载荷下较为严重;在水润滑条件下,该材料的摩擦因数随着载荷的增加也呈现出先下降低后急剧上升的趋势,磨损表面未发生塑性变形和撕裂脱落,但出现脱落的磨粒和犁沟,磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,其中在中等载荷下,表面脱落的磨粒少、犁沟细小而浅,在低载荷和高载荷下表面脱落的磨粒多、犁沟深。     

不同环境介质下TC4钛合金与工程塑料摩擦磨损行为研究

为优选透平式能量回收一体机关键零部件耐磨材料,以TC4钛合金与共聚甲醛、均聚甲醛、PEEK及改性PEEK组成的配对摩擦副作为研究对象,利用立式万能摩擦磨损试验机开展干摩擦、纯水及海水环境介质下配对材料的摩擦磨损试验,定量获得各摩擦副的摩擦因数和磨损量,并对摩擦试样的表面形貌进行分析。结果表明:在干摩擦环境下共聚甲醛摩擦因数和磨损量最小,在纯水和海水环境下改性PEEK摩擦因数和磨损量最小;TC4钛合金与均聚甲醛、共聚甲醛、PEEK配副时磨损机制为黏着磨损,主要表现形式为涂抹和擦伤,TC4与改性PEEK配副时磨损较轻微,主要表现形式为轻微磨粒磨损。     

海水润滑赛龙材料磨损机制分析

试验研究海水润滑条件下赛龙材料的摩擦磨损性能,借助表面形貌仪、扫描电镜分析磨痕表面形貌,分析海水润滑条件下赛龙材料的磨损机制,并与干摩擦、湿润滑条件下的磨损机制进行比较。结果表明:干摩擦条件下表现为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损特征;湿润滑条件下磨损表现为微切削(磨粒磨损);海水润滑条件下的磨损中有气蚀磨损、磨粒磨损共同存在。     

离子渗硫层在油润滑条件下的转动微动摩擦磨损性能

利用低温离子渗硫技术在LZ50钢表面制备渗硫层,在干摩擦和油润滑条件下开展不同角位移幅值的渗硫层转动微动磨损试验,并利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和轮廓仪对磨斑进行微观分析。试验结果表明:与干摩擦相比,油润滑条件下离子渗硫层呈现出不同的微动运行工况图,部分滑移区和滑移区的界限向左移动,滑移区的运行范围增大;在部分滑移区,渗硫层在油润滑条件下的摩擦因数几乎不变,且明显低于干摩擦,损伤十分轻微;在滑移区,渗硫层在油润滑条件下的摩擦因数仍低于干摩擦,呈现"初始-爬升-稳定"3个阶段,其磨损机制为磨粒磨损和剥层。     

等离子体源渗氮奥氏体不锈钢的摩擦磨损行为

采用等离子体源渗氮技术对AISI 316奥氏体不锈钢进行450℃×6h改性处理,通过干摩擦磨损试验对比研究了该不锈钢基体和表面改性层在不同载荷下与Si_3N_4陶瓷球摩擦副对磨时的摩擦磨损行为,观察了磨损形貌,并对其磨损机制进行了分析。结果表明:等离子体源渗氮后,试验钢表面形成了厚度约17μm的单一面心立方结构的高氮γ_N相改性层,改性层中氮元素的原子分数为15%~20%,最大显微硬度约1 510HV0.01;与基体相比,在相同载荷下γN相改性层具有相当或更低的摩擦因数,且比磨损率均降低一个数量级以上,耐磨性能显著提高;基体的磨损机制主要为黏着磨损,而γN相改性层在较低载荷(2~4N)下的磨损机制主要为氧化磨损,在较高载荷(6~8N)下的主要为磨粒磨损。     

稀土增强树脂基摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

研究干摩擦条件下不同稀土氧化物及其含量对树脂基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料磨损后的表面进行观察,分析稀土元素对树脂基摩擦材料的改性机制。研究结果表明:稀土氧化物的加入提高了复合材料的摩擦因数,尤其是稀土氧化镧的加入可起到稳定摩擦因数的作用,减小复合材料对载荷和转速的敏感性;未添加稀土氧化物的试样磨损方式以黏着磨损为主,而添加稀土氧化物后试样磨损方式以磨粒磨损为主;添加稀土氧化物后试样磨损表面变得更平整、光滑,这主要是因为稀土氧化物的添加提高了树脂的黏结性,使树脂与其他填料更牢固地粘合在一起,使材料摩擦表面能形成更加稳固的摩擦膜,材料表面的黏着得到有效抑制,因而材料表面的磨损状况得到改善。     

碳纤维增强杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

利用MRH-03型环-块摩擦磨损试验机研究不同碳纤维含量的聚醚砜酮(PPESK)基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,讨论载荷、速度及润滑介质对质量分数10%碳纤维增强复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,并用SEM观察材料的断面形貌和磨损表面形貌。结果表明：适量碳纤维的加入可以明显提高材料的摩擦磨损性能,并使得复合材料干摩擦条件下的磨损机制由严重的磨粒磨损和黏着磨损转变为黏着磨损和轻微的磨粒磨损。以质量分数10%碳纤维增强的复合材料为例,随着载荷的增加复合材料在干摩擦条件下的摩擦因数降低,而磨损率先降低后增加,在高滑动速度下复合材料的摩擦因数降低而磨损率增加;而海水润滑介质的加入大大降低了材料的摩擦因数和磨损率,并使得复合材料的磨损机制由干摩擦条件下的黏着磨损和轻微的磨粒磨损转变为轻微的磨粒磨损。     

润滑介质对摩擦性能影响差异分析

L-CKD150润滑油和复合锂基润滑脂广泛运用于石油装备润滑减磨。为研究2种润滑介质对摩擦副摩擦磨损性能及磨损机制的影响差异,采用MMW-1型微机控制立式万能摩擦磨损试验机,开展不同接触压力和线速度及不同润滑环境下摩擦学实验研究。结果表明:实验工况下,销-盘摩擦副表面以磨粒磨损为主,同时存在黏着磨损;相比于L-CKD150润滑工况,复合锂基润滑脂润滑时销-盘表面黏着磨损更为严重,进而加大摩擦因数的波动幅度,最大波动幅度为L-CKD150润滑下的3.7倍;盘试样表面磨粒磨损与接触压力有关,0.5 MPa接触压力下,L-CKD150润滑时磨粒磨损较严重,1.5 MPa下则复合锂基润滑脂润滑时更严重,磨粒磨损是影响盘试样磨损量差异的主要因素。     

空气助燃超音速火焰喷涂WC涂层的性能及应用

采用空气助燃超音速火焰喷涂(HVAF)技术制备了WC涂层,对该涂层的耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、韧性、涂层结合强度等性能进行了研究,并与电镀硬铬层进行了性能与实际使用寿命对比。结果表明:采用HVAF制备的WC涂层的耐磨性是电镀硬铬层的10倍,涂层的耐腐蚀性和韧性明显优于电镀硬铬层的;以WC涂层在瓦楞辊中的应用为例,采用上中下位置喷涂方法制备的WC涂层厚度均匀,控制喷涂角度大于60°和基体硬度小于60 HRC对WC涂层的结合强度有利,WC涂层瓦楞辊的使用寿命是电镀硬铬瓦楞辊的4~6倍。     

Chromium oxide coatings applied to magnetic tape heads for improved wear resistance

This paper reports on an investigation of the wear of chromium oxide based very thin films. Linear data tape Advanced Digital Recording (ADR™) heads coated with 20- and 40-nm thick chromium oxide films have been tested subject to temperature/humidity matrix of 10 to 40°C/10 to 80% in order to assess the wear behaviour of the coating as a function of environment. The tested heads were analysed at various stages of wear, by use of optical microscopy (OM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The results show that the most severe damage occurs at the highest relative humidity (80% RH) and for a given humidity, at the lowest temperature (10°C). Inversely, stain transferred from the tape to the head surface predominates at the lowest humidity (10% RH). Stain therefore appears to protect the coating against wear with the degree of protection increasing with the temperature.The wear process differs according to the coating thickness. This is attributed to the location of the maximum subsurface stress with respect to the coating/substrate interface. It is shown that this maximum stress occurs below the interface for 20 nm and at the interface for 40 nm thick coatings. This correlates to different observed wear modes.     

Sliding tribological behavior of AlCrN coating

The sliding tribological behavior of the PVD AlCrN coating against Si₃N₄ ball have been investigated by using the CETR multi-functional UMT-2 test system under two sliding conditions (bidirectional and unidirectional). Reciprocating sliding tests (bidirectional) were performed under varied normal loads (5, 10 and 20 N) at sliding velocity of 0.48 m/min. Ball-on-disc tests (unidirectional) were performed at varied sliding velocities (0.48 and 5 m/min) under normal load of 5 N. The wear scars of the coating were evaluated by surface profilometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the sliding wear mechanism of the coating was consequently discussed. The results showed that AlCrN coating had excellent anti-abrasion properties. Both the normal load in reciprocating sliding test and the sliding velocity in ball-on-disc test had significant influence on the sliding tribological behavior of the AlCrN coating. The combination of abrasion and oxidation was the main sliding wear mechanism for the AlCrN coating. The wear resistant and thermally stable oxides formed by the tribo-chemical reactions of chromium and aluminum protected the AlCrN coating against wear admirably.     

镍基纳米复合电刷镀层的滑动磨损性能研究

用电刷镀技术制得了镍基 n-SiO_2复合镀层、镍基 n-SiC 复合镀层以及镍基镀层,并对镀层的滑动磨损性能进行了试验研究.纳米复合镀层的表面形貌比较细腻,镀层中纳米粒子分布均匀,与基质金属结合紧密.显微硬度高,可达到 HV692,比镍基镀层提高约50%.滑动磨损试验结果表明,纳米粒子的加入可以提高镀层的耐磨性.纳米复合镀层的磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主,而纯镍镀层以粘着磨损为主.     

超音速火焰喷涂WC-Co涂层耐磨性研究

利用超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）工艺制备了WC-Co涂层，测定了涂层孔隙率、显微硬度及干摩擦磨损过程中涂层材料失重，得出涂层干摩擦因数随时间的变化关系，分析了涂层摩擦磨损机制。结果表明，WC-Co涂层致密，平均孔隙率为1．29％，显微硬度达1140HV（测试载荷2．94N），干摩擦条件下材料失重低于电镀Cr镀层2个数量级；摩擦初期，干摩擦因数迅速增加，主要磨损特征是粘结相富Co区的犁沟切削，摩擦中后期，摩擦副间实际接触面积增大，摩擦因数变化较小，磨损趋于稳定。WC-Co涂层的主要磨损机制是疲劳磨损和犁沟切削。     

Wear coatings for magnetic thin film magnetic recording heads

Many coatings are in use today for the wear protection of thin film heads. With the trend towards smaller head-media distances, the thickness of the coating has to diminish. In this paper some of these coatings: zirconia, chromium nitride, chromium oxide and diamond (+diamond-like carbon) will be discussed. It will be shown that the film hardness is influenced by the microcrystalline structure, the texture and the film stress. The film hardness shows a good correlation with the reciprocal wear coefficient. The wear resistance of the materials discussed increases in the order: zirconia, chromium nitride, chromium oxide, diamond.     

材料增强用碳化硼颗粒表面改性涂层的研究

介绍用一种蒸 镀的方法在碳化硼颗粒（B4Cp）表面涂覆一层含钛金属的涂层，使得金属基复合材料的B4Cp-Me体系中的界面结合强度得到改善。 通过X射线衍射、差热分析和热重分析等分析了涂的结构变化，用粉末冶金法制备了B4C颗粒增强Cu、Al基复合材料，通过磨损实验评价了界面结合强度。试验结果表明，经涂覆后B4Cp表面的结构组成由内向外依次为B4C、TiB2、TiN。差热分析也证实了涂覆后的B4Cp表面产生新的物相，热重分析表明经涂覆后的B4Cp的热稳定性较末涂覆的高。磨损实验表明，使用经过涂覆的颗粒所制备的复合材料具有更高的耐磨性。     

Microstructure characterization of advanced protective Cr/CrN+a‐C:H/a‐C:H:Cr multilayer coatings on carbon fibre composite (CFC)

Studies of advanced protective chromium‐based coatings on the carbon fibre composite (CFC) were performed. Multidisciplinary examinations were carried out comprising: microstructure transmission electron microscopy (TEM, HREM) studies, micromechanical analysis and wear resistance. Coatings were prepared using a magnetron sputtering technique with application of high‐purity chromium and carbon (graphite) targets deposited on the CFC substrate. Selection of the CFC for surface modification in respect to irregularities on the surface making the CFC surface more smooth was performed. Deposited coatings consisted of two parts. The inner part was responsible for the residual stress compensation and cracking initiation as well as resistance at elevated temperatures occurring namely during surgical tools sterilization process. The outer part was responsible for wear resistance properties and biocompatibility. Experimental studies revealed that irregularities on the substrate surface had a negative influence on the crystallites growth direction. Chromium implanted into the a‐C:H structure reacted with carbon forming the cubic nanocrystal chromium carbides of the Cr₂₃C₆ type. The cracking was initiated at the coating/substrate interface and the energy of brittle cracking was reduced because of the plastic deformation at each Cr interlayer interface. The wear mechanism and cracking process was described in micro‐ and nanoscale by means of transmission electron microscope studies. Examined materials of coated CFC type would find applications in advanced surgical tools.     

Ni-Si3N4复合电镀工艺与耐磨性研究

研究了镀液Si3N4浓度，阴极电流密度、pH值、温度和搅拌方式等工艺参数对Ni—Si3N4复合镀层微粒含量和镀层硬度的影响，在盘销摩擦磨损实验机上对镀层进行了磨损实验。通过实验确定了Ni-Si3N4复合电镀的最佳工艺。结果表明：随着Si3N4共析量的增多复合镀层硬度提高，耐磨性增强；在浸油润滑的条件下，复合镀层的摩擦因数低于纯镍镀层，复合镀层的磨损量小于普通镀镍层。磨痕表面观察表明复合镀层的磨损以磨料磨损为主。     

Reciprocating Sliding Wear Performance of Hard Coating on Modified Titanium Alloy Surfaces

The high strength, low weight, and outstanding corrosion resistance properties possessed by titanium alloys have led to a wide range of successful applications in aerospace, automotive, and chemical industries and in power generation. Titanium alloys are characterized by poor wear resistance properties and their utilization has been excessive in nontribological applications. Surface texturing is a well-known and effective means of surface modification to improve the tribological properties of sliding surfaces. In the present work, modification of titanium alloy surfaces (Ti6Al4V) was done by lapping and laser surface texturing. The wear-resistant coating, AlCrN, was applied over the modified titanium alloy surfaces, with and without a chromium interlayer. Linear reciprocating sliding wear tests were performed with ball-on-flat contact geometry to evaluate the tribological performance of the coated alloy. The tests were performed under different normal loads for a period of 105 cycles at a frequency of 5 Hz. The friction force between the contact pair and displacement of the ball were simultaneously observed using a force transducer and laser displacement sensor. Optical microscopy was used to quantify the wear volume by measuring the wear scar diameter on both the specimen and the counterbody. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to study the morphology of the wear scar. The characteristic behavior of the AlCrN coating such as bonding strength, wear volume, wear rate, and coefficient of friction with the chromium interlayer was evaluated and compared with the coating directly applied over the substrate. The coating on the textured surface, with the chromium interlayer showed better tribological performance.