活性污泥工艺中污泥减量化技术研究进展

污泥减量化技术是在剩余污泥资源化基础上进一步提出的剩余污泥处置新概念;根据生物处理工艺中影响剩余污泥产生的可能途径,将污泥减量技术归纳为降低细菌合成量的解偶联技术、增强微生物进行内源呼吸代谢的溶胞技术、利用食物链作用强化微型动物对细菌捕食的技术;并对当前污泥减量化技术进行了理论分析和应用上的概述。     

喷雾干燥与回转窑焚烧联合处理污泥技术的工程应用

在污泥处理处置技术方案中,干化+焚烧技术可以最大程度地实现污泥的减量化、无害化和稳定化,同时污泥热值可以有效利用,焚烧残渣在满足标准的情况下也可资源化利用。阐述了喷雾干燥与回转窑焚烧联合处理技术的原理、特点和设计要求,重点介绍了国产喷雾干燥与回转窑焚烧联合处理技术系统设备及其工程应用实例,该设备具有投资低、系统简单、占地面积小等优点。     

利用污泥发电试验研究

污泥发电是污泥合理开发利用的技术措施之一 ,是污泥减量化、无害化、资源化的良好方式 ,该课题研究探索出一条生态兴业的可供借鉴的技术途径。     

城镇污泥处理处置现状及展望

城镇污泥富含了污水中大量的有机质,解决污泥减量化、稳定化、无害化处置的环保难题,最终实现资源化,是改善生态环境质量、建设新发展理念及可持续发展城市的重要手段。对城镇污泥处理处置现状进行提炼总结,对未来城镇污泥资源化利用途径提出展望。旨在促进城镇污泥处理处置技术发展,实现低碳、绿色的发展目标。     

污水处理厂污泥热化学处理技术简介

污泥热化学处理技术具有灭菌效果好,处理迅速,占地相对较少,处置后污泥稳定,并可利用其所含有机物实施能源回收等优点,可达到使污泥处置减量化、无害化、资源化的目的,因此被认为是有前途的污泥处理方法。     

环保疏浚底泥处置技术的研究进展

介绍了河湖底泥的污染物组成、污染来源、特性及危害,并结合国内外文献系统综述了底泥脱水减量化、资源化利用、无害化处理等技术的最新研究进展,最后提出了湖泊环保疏浚底泥处置技术的研究展望以及建议。     

我国污水处理厂污泥资源化利用现状分析

随着我国经济的发展,城镇污水处理厂污泥量不断增多,污泥的处理处置以及资源化利用成为当前亟需解决的问题。在对污泥资源化方式进行概述和分类的基础上,从发展历程、应用现状、地域特征等方面对不同污泥处置技术进行对比研究,系统探讨和分析了我国各种污泥资源化处置技术的特点及不足。分析认为,我国污泥资源化处置技术投产项目呈显著上升趋势,同时,各地区由于经济发展的不平衡,呈现东多西少的格局,而浙江、江苏、山东三省远高于其他省份。最后针对我国污泥资源化处置的发展方向提出了建议,以期对污泥资源化的发展有所裨益。     

城市黑臭水体清淤疏浚与底泥处理处置技术分析

文章在介绍清淤疏浚深度技术参数的基础上,从干式清淤、水上清淤两个方面入手,分析了清淤疏浚技术的具体应用,最后,从除杂除砂、污泥浓缩、污泥干化、尾水处理、底泥资源化等方面入手,研究了底泥脱水干化技术的具体应用。     

污泥制肥实践及资源化经营探讨

介绍太原市杨家堡污水净化厂污泥综合利用的工程实践,就污泥处理处置中存在的问题和隐患进行分析研究,对污泥制肥过程中普遍存在的发酵、重金属、热喷、霉变等技术问题进行探讨。对当前我国污泥资源化经营方面存在的障碍进行分析,对污泥资源化的政策支持、市场选择以及经营方式等方面提出一些观点。为今后污水处理厂污泥资源化利用的工程建设提供可靠的依据和可借鉴的模式。     

三峡库区城市污水处理厂功能提升与污泥处理处置技术研究与综合示范

为保护三峡库区水环境安全,针对三峡库区城市污水处理及污泥处理处置中存在的问题和技术需求,通过关键技术研发、系统集成及示范应用,初步构建了三峡库区典型工艺污水处理厂功能提升调控及低成本改造技术体系、库区污泥减量化处理和资源化利用技术体系,突破了三峡库区污水处理和污泥处理处置中的关键技术,提出了三峡库区污水处理厂典型工艺功能提升调控技术标准、热干化污泥森林施肥技术标准,以及提出了城市污水处理厂功能提升与污泥处理处置及资源化技术体系和技术指南,为三峡库区污水处理厂功能提升及污泥处理处置的方法及工艺参数选择提供科学依据和技术借鉴。     

Phosphor: Eine kritische und zugleich unzureichend genutzte Ressource der Abwasser- und Abfallwirtschaft – Stand des Wissens und Ausblick für Österreich und Europa

Currently, the phosphorus (P) used in Austria is essentially of a linear structure. Cyclical ring structures—with the exception of those in manure (slurry, dung) used for local agricultural purposes—are as yet rudimentary. Simultaneously, Austria is entirely dependent on imports of the raw material rock phosphate, partly from geopolitically unstable regions. In contrast, sewage and animal meat and bone meal as significant sources of P are largely ignored. In view of the importance of P, numerous technologies for targeted P recycling from sewage have been developed—some already operational from a purely technical perspective and others already implemented on an industrial scale (particularly, recycling from the liquid phase). In order to make the best possible use of sewage-borne P, recycling from pure sewage sludge or animal meat and bone meal ash combined with sewage sludge ash would be desirable in future. Necessary structures, such as incinerators for sewage sludge alone or in combination with animal meat and bone meal, however, have yet to be developed. In addition to newly developed methods, recyclates (materials that are recyclable) from recycling processes (e.g., struvite), pure sewage sludge ash or animal meat and bone meal ash can be used as secondary raw materials in existing industrial processes, for instance, in the fertilizer or phosphoric acid industries. Neighboring countries Germany and Switzerland already recycle P from sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash to legally binding targets. Implementation in Austria too would initially require (political) commitment and, consequently, changes in the legal framework (e.g., fertilizer legislation) as well as binding standards. Implementation instruments for P recycling could be, for instance: defined recycling quotas for the fertilizer industry (e.g., “Pxx”, according to the E10 bioethanol quota); or levying “phosphorus cents” additional to the sewage treatment and waste management fees, to be used to develop the necessary structures (e.g., incinerators for sewage sludge and animal meal).     

Towards a complete recycling of phosphorus in wastewater treatment--options in Germany

Global reserves of mineral phosphorus are finite and the recycling of phosphorus from wastewater, a significant sink for phosphorus, can contribute to a more sustainable use. In Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands, an increasing percentage of municipal sewage sludge is incinerated and the contained phosphorus is lost. This paper reviews current technologies and shows that a complete phosphorus recovery from wastewater is technically feasible. Depending on the composition of the sewage sludge ash (SSA), there are various options for phosphorus recovery that are presented. Iron-poor SSAs can be used directly as substitute for phosphate rock in the electrothermal phosphorus process. SSAs with low heavy metal contents can be used as fertilizer without prior metal elimination. Ashes not suitable for direct recycling can be processed by thermal processes. Operators of wastewater treatment plants can additionally influence the ash composition via the selection of precipitants and the control of (indirect) dischargers. This way, they can choose the most suitable phosphorus recovery option. For sewage sludge that is co-incinerated in power plants, municipal waste incinerators or cement kilns phosphorus recovery is not possible. The phosphorus is lost forever.     

Phosphorus recycling in sewage treatment plants with biological phosphorus removal.

In this paper, phosphorus balances are calculated for the wastewater purification and sludge treatment stages for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) applying Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR). The possible P-recovery potential is then estimated and evaluated regarding different locations along the process of wastewater purification and sludge treatment, taking the different phosphorus bonding forms into account. Caused by the more favourable bonding forms in the excess sludge as well as possibly also in the sludge ash a recovery of the phosphorus seems especially favoured for WWTPs with EBPR. The processes available for a P recycling are named, and special regard is given to the Phostrip-process, which is a possible recycling process already tested in practice. Further R&D demand consists in basic research regarding disintegration, fermentation or acidic total digestion of excess sludge followed by phosphorus precipitation including separation of the precipitates, MAP-precipitation and separation from digested sludge and on the ability to extract phosphorus and heavy metals from sewage sludge ash. These investigations are a precondition to enable purposeful process developments. At the present state the cost of recycled phosphorus earned from wastewater, sludge and ash, respectively, are a multiple higher than the costs for raw phosphate taking into account the suitable processes. Thus, up to now no phosphorus recycling with a defrayal of costs is possible. The future importance of phosphorus recycling will depend on the market price for raw phosphate, the recycling costs and, furthermore, on the general political framework.     

污泥堆肥土地利用对土壤环境及高羊茅特性的影响

结合北京市污泥堆肥土地利用现状．研究了污泥堆肥对土壤环境及高羊茅（Festuca arundinace。）的影响。旨在为北京市污泥堆肥用于高羊茅园林生产提供理论依据,促进资源再利用。研究结果表明．施用污泥堆肥增加了高羊茅栽植小区土壤养分含量,特别是土壤中有机质含量增加明显,与空白对照相比增加了43．9％～73．2％,对土壤养分状况具有一定的改良效果;施用污泥堆肥后,高羊茅栽植小区土壤中重金属含量虽有不同程度的增加。但均远低于相关标准限值．且土壤重金属污染综合指数小于土壤安全限值0．7．表明种植小区土壤未受到重金属污染：施用污泥堆肥对高羊茅生长具有一定的促进作用．与空白对照相比．高羊茅总生物量增长率为16．7％～50．0％。综合分析试验结果,确定污泥堆肥用于高羊茅的适宜施用量为2kg／m^2。     

Modified sewage sludge as temporary landfill cover material

In order to study the feasibility of modified sewage sludge as landfill cover material and its performance in a complex landfill environment,strength and hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted. The permeability requirements for daily and interim covers were analyzed first. Based on saturated-unsaturated seepage calculations, it is suggested that approximately 1.0 10 4cm/s and 1.0 10 5cm/s are the appropriate values for the hydraulic conductivities of daily and interim covers, respectively. The strength and permeability requirements of the mixtures, when used as an interim cover, can be met at a sludge:lime:cement:silt:tire-derived aggregate(TDA) weight ratio of 100:15:5:70:15. Results also demonstrate that the solid content ratio of modified sewage sludge, which should be greater than 60% when modified sewage sludge is used as a temporary cover material, is crucial to both strength and hydraulic performance. In addition, as the duration of soaking of modified sewage sludge in synthetic leachate increases, the unconfined compressive strength increases, and the hydraulic conductivity decreases slightly or fluctuates between 1.0 10 5cm/s and 1.0 10 6cm/s, still meeting the requirements for an interim cover. The reduction in hydraulic conductivity of modified sewage sludge under the effect of synthetic leachate, as well as the long-term and environmental performance of the modified sewage sludge, should be examined in future studies.     

Operation of a new sewage treatment process with technologies of excess sludge reduction and phosphorus recovery.

This paper shows the potential application of a new sewage treatment process with technologies of excess sludge reduction and phosphorus recovery. The process incorporated ozonation for excess sludge reduction and crystallisation process for phosphorus recovery to a conventional anaerobic/oxic (A/O) phosphorus removal process. A lab-scale continuous operation experiment was conducted with the ratio of sludge flow rate to ozonation tank of 1.1% of sewage inflow under 30 to 40 mgO3/gSS of ozone consumption and with sludge wasting ratio of 0.34% (one-fifth of a conventional A/O process). Throughout the operational experiment, a 60% reduction of excess sludge production was achieved in the new process. A biomass concentration of 2300 mg/L was maintained, and the accumulation of inactive biomass was not observed. The new process was estimated to give a phosphorus recovery degree of more than 70% as an advantage of excess sludge reduction. The slight increase in effluent COD was observed, but the process performance was maintained at a satisfactory level. These facts demonstrate an effectiveness of the new process for excess sludge reduction as well as for phosphorus recovery.     

Biotechnology of intensive aerobic conversion of sewage sludge and food waste into fertilizer.

Biotechnology for intensive aerobic bioconversion of sewage sludge and food waste into fertilizer was developed. The wastes were treated in a closed reactor under controlled aeration, stirring, pH, and temperature at 60 degrees C, after addition of starter bacterial culture Bacillus thermoamylovorans. The biodegradation of sewage sludge was studied by decrease of volatile solids (VS), content of organic carbon and autofluorescence of coenzyme F420. The degradation of anaerobic biomass was faster than biodegradation of total organic matter. The best fertilizer was obtained when sewage sludge was thermally pre-treated, mixed with food waste, chalk, and artificial bulking agent. The content of volatile solid and the content of organic carbon decreased at 24.8% and 13.5% of total solids, respectively, during ten days of bioconversion. The fertilizer was a powder with moisture content of 5%. It was stable, and not toxic for the germination of plant seeds. Addition of 1.0 to 1.5% of this fertilizer to the subsoil increased the growth of different plants tested by 113 to 164%. The biotechnology can be applied in larger scale for the recycling of sewage sludge and food wastes in Singapore.     

多元综合好氧堆肥工艺在城市污泥处置工程中的应用

结合厦门市海沧污泥堆肥厂的工程设计和同安污泥堆肥试验厂的生产运行,介绍了多元综合好氧堆肥工艺处置城市污泥的工艺特点、主要设计参数、技术经济指标、试运行情况等.该工艺具有投资省、成本低、高效、安全等特点,是一种技术先进的污泥资源化利用工艺.     

Potentially toxic element release by fenton oxidation of sewage sludge.

The presence, in sewage sludge, of excess levels of the potentially toxic elements (PTE) copper, zinc, chromium, cadmium, nickel, lead and mercury, could impact on our ability to recycle these residues in the future. Far stricter limits on the levels of PTEs are likely in proposed legislation. A method involving the dosing of Fenton's reagent, a mixture of ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide, under acidic conditions was evaluated for its potential to reduce metal levels. The [Fe]:[H2O2] (w/w) ratio was found to give a good indication of the percentage copper and zinc elution obtainable. Sites with no iron dosing as part of wastewater treatment required extra iron to be added in order to initiate the Fenton's reaction. A significant reduction, in excess of 70%, of the copper and zinc was eluted from both raw primary and activated sludge solid fractions. Cadmium and nickel could be reduced to below detection limits but elution of mercury, lead and chromium was less than 40%. The iron catalyst concentration was found to be a crucial parameter. This process has the potential to reduce the heavy metal content of the sludge and allow the recycling of sludge to continue in a sustainable manner.     

Membrane separation of indigenous noroviruses from sewage sludge and treated wastewater.

In this study, feasibility of membrane separation for the removal of indigenous noroviruses (NVs) is evaluated. The indigenous NV gene was never detected from ultrafiltration (UF) permeates of sewage sludge and treated wastewater. Indigenous NV gene was also not detected from permeates of sewage sludge and treated wastewater by microfiltration (MF) with a pore size of 0.1 microm (MF0.1). Even though the pore size of MF (0.1 microm) was much larger than the diameter of virus particle (approximately 30-40nm), more than 4-log10 reduction value (LRV) at maximum was achieved by membrane separation with MF0.1. NV genes were often detected from permeates of sewage sludge and treated wastewater by MF with a pore size of 0.45 microm (MF0.45), although the maximum log10 reduction values were more than 3.59 for sewage sludge and more than 2.90 for treated wastewater. It is important to verify factors determining the removal efficiency of viruses with MF membranes.