硼酸锌对PVC力学及阻燃性能的影响

通过ＴＧＡ、极限氧指数测定、ＳＥＭ和力学性能测定研究了ＰＶＣ／硼酸锌体系的热降解行为、阻燃性能和力学性能。研究结果表明，在ＰＶＣ中加入５％经偶联剂和振磨处理的硼酸锌，ＰＶＣ的冲击强度、拉伸强度和极限氧指数均得到了明显提高。ＰＶＣ中加入硼酸锌后，在ＰＶＣ热降解过程中、硼酸锌释放出的结合水能吸收ＰＶＣ放出的氯化氢，生成的氯化锌使ＰＶＣ脱氯化氢的反应活化能降低，反应速度加快，但使ＰＶＣ脱氯化氢后分子链倾向于形成反式多烯链结构，有利交联和炭化反应，使ＰＶＣ热失重明显减少，成炭量增加。硼酸锌可以用作ＰＶＣ的阻燃和抑烟剂。     

振磨降解制得的低分子量PVC对PVC增塑作用的研究

通过振靡降解制得了低分子量聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）。通过Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ塑化仪和力学性能测试研究了振磨降解制得的低分子量ＰＶＣ对高分子量ＰＶＣ的增塑作用和力学性能的影响，提出了增塑机理。实验结果表明，振靡降解制得的低分子量ＰＶＣ能增塑ＰＶＣ，显著改善ＰＶＣ的加工性能，提高ＰＶＣ的力学性能。     

高速船玻璃钢夹层结构件原材料力学性能分析

通过大量试验，给出高速船玻璃钢夹层结构件原材料（聚氨酯泡沫塑料ＰＵ、聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料ＰＶＣ、多层胶合板、松木和玻璃钢等）的力学性能及统计曲线，可供高速玻璃钢船设计时使用。     

稀土矿物─PVC复合材料

本文研究了稀土矿物填充剂对聚氯乙烯力学性能、热性能的影响。结果表明，稀土矿物可以作为聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）的填充剂、改性剂来使用。精矿及尾矿填充ＰＶＣ复合材料的力学性能呈现一定的规律性，热性能有所提高，稀土矿物－ＰＶＣ复合材料具有工业应用价值。     

PMMA,SAN改性PVC／CPE共混体的研究

研究了刚性聚合物对ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ共混体力学性能，冲击断面形貌及流变性的影响。结果表明，ＰＭＭＡ对ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ＝１００／１０，１００／１５体系，ＳＡＮ对ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ＝１００／１０体系都具有显著的增韧作用和一定的增强作用；初步的测定显示，刚性聚合物能改善共混熔体的流变性，促进ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ共混体系中ＣＰＥ网络结构的形成和分散性。     

在应力作用下聚氯乙烯降解的研究

本文研究了聚氯乙烯在振磨作用下的力化学降解及力化学降解对ＰＶＣ力学性能的影响。结果表明，ＰＶＣ的分子量随振磨时间的增加而降低，力化学降解动力学服从方程式（１／Ｐｔ－１／Ｐｉｎ）＝Ｋｔ＋Ａ（Ｐｔ：为振磨时间ｔ时的聚合度，Ｐｉｎ为初始聚合度）。初始分子量高的ＰＶＣ在降解的初始阶段（０－１５ｈ）有规断链为主；初始分子量较低的ＰＶＣ在降解的初级阶段（０－２０ｈ）以无规断链为主。经适当降解的ＰＶＣ的屈服强度     

悬浮法高分子量聚乙烯树脂的颗粒特性研究

采用扫描电镜，图像分析，ＣＣｌ４吸收，表面孔径测定以及增塑剂吸收量测定方法研究了新型ＨＭＷＰＶＣ树脂的颗粒特性和增塑剂吸收性能。结果表明，国产ＨＭＷＰＶＣ树脂颗粒疏松多孔，增塑剂吸收程度优于通用型ＰＶＣ树脂，但其总体颗粒特性又较日本同类产品为差。同时，提出了ＨＭＷＰＶＣ的颗粒结构模型。     

高速搅拌对淀粉／聚乙烯醇共混物薄膜性能的影响

通过高速搅拌，将淀粉与聚乙烯醇进行溶液共混，制备了淀粉／ＰＶＡ共混薄膜。测定了高速搅拌前后共混薄膜的力学性能。透明性，耐水性及生物降解性。结果表明，高速搅拌改善了淀粉／ＰＶＡ薄膜的力学性能，透明性与耐水性，并可提高共混膜的全用稳定性。     

分子结构对增塑聚氯乙烯性能的影响

研究了聚合度、分子量分布和支化结构对增塑聚氯乙烯加工流变性能和物理力学性能的影响。结果表明，增塑ＰＶＣ的加工流变性能随聚合度的增加而恶化；拓宽分子量分布和引入支化结构均有利于加工流变性能的提高；增塑ＰＶＣ的拉伸强度随聚合度的增加而提高，而压缩永久变形却随之减小；分子量分布对物理力学性能的影响不大；支化ＰＶＣ的拉伸强度略有下降。     

固相法CPE增容PVC／LDPE共混体系的研究

通过力学性能试验、动态力学分析（ＤＭＡ）、电子显微镜观察，研究了固相法氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）对聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）与低密度聚乙烯（ＬＤＰＥ）共混体系的增容作用。实验结果表明，ＣＰＥ的加入能明显改善ＰＶＣ／ＬＤＰＥ共混体系的相容性，显著提高共混物的力学性能，且低温氯化制得的ＣＰＥ的改善效果优于两段氯化制得的ＣＰＥ。电子显微镜观察表明，增容剂增加了共混体系相间相互作用或相界面粘附性，对共混体系的形态结构产     

Effects of milling on the thermal stability of synthetic hydromagnesite

Hydromagnesite is a basic magnesium carbonate that undergoes an endothermic decomposition with water and carbon dioxide release in the temperature range of 200-550 °C. Due to this thermal behaviour it has been studied as flame retardant filler for polymers in cable applications. For this purpose the particle size distribution should be optimized, as it is in most cases responsible for decrease in final composite mechanical properties. This work describes the variations found in the thermal behaviour of hydromagnesite associated with the process of particle size reduction. Air jet micronization was compared with mechanical milling. Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study thermal decomposition. FTIR spectroscopy and XRD analysis of the solid residue after heating were used to follow structural changes. Decomposition behaviour of synthetic hydromagnesite was shown to be dependent of the applied particle size reduction process. A remarkable increase in the decomposition rate was observed for the milled sample, which was attributed to the introduction of defects in the crystalline structure during the mechanical milling. Therefore, it was concluded that the mechanical milling process may affect the thermal decomposition of hydromagnesite and therefore its characteristics as flame retardant.     

PVC/阻燃抑烟剂体系的力化学改性

研究了高能振磨作用对PVC／硼酸锌(ZB),PVC／三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)-三氧化钼(MoO3)以及PVC／Sb2O3-MoO3-ZB体系阻燃抑烟性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,高能振磨可使PVC与ZB、Sb2O3或MoO3分子闯产生化学键合,增强了PVC基体与阻燃抑烟荆ZB,Sb2O3-MoO3,Sb2O3-MoO3-ZB之同的界面相互作用,促进了阻燃抑烟荆(FRs)在PVC中的分散,使PVC／FRs体系的烟密度(Dm)值降低,极限氧指数(LOI)值以及抗冲击强度,拉伸强度,断裂伸长率得到明显提高。     

软质抗静电聚氯乙烯材料的抗静电性能及耐久性

合成了一种长链季铵盐类化合物,将其用作抗静电剂添加到软质聚氯乙稀(PVC)材料中,测试了材料的表面电阻,并采用扫描电子显微镜研究了其微观结构。结果表明,随合成长链季铵盐的添加量增大,PVC材料的表面电阻率降低,较小的添加量(4.5%)即可使材料的表面电阻率降低至3.0×108Ω以下,达到了煤矿行业对高分子材料抗静电性能的要求。在上述抗静电PVC材料中添加一定量的聚氧化乙烯(PEO),可以降低抗静电材料对环境湿度的依赖性,并提高PVC材料的抗静电性能,且放置180 d后该材料仍具有良好的抗静电性能。     

Amorphization reaction during mechanical alloying: influence of the milling conditions

Amorphous Ni-Zr powders have been prepared by mechanical alloying of elemental crystalline powders. The glass-forming range has been determined in detail at different milling intensities. Depending on the milling conditions, at least partial crystallization of the formerly amorphous material can occur from 66 to 75 at% Ni, due to a temperature rise during milling at high intensity. In comparison with isothermal annealing experiments at various temperatures on completely amorphous powder, a relation between milling temperature and milling time is shown. This confirms the similarity of the amorphization process during mechanical alloying with the solid-state interdiffusion reaction in alternating crystalline multilayers.     

球磨Mg0.97La0.03Ni合金的热稳定性及电性能研究

采用XRD、DTA、SEM及电池性能测试仪等对球磨Mg0.97La0.03Ni合金的结构、形貌、活化性能、热稳定性、电化学稳定性及容量衰减机理等进行了详细的研究。结果表明：样品的热稳定性及循环稳定性随着球磨时间的延长而增加。经400r／min球磨50h的样品在第二次活化时即达到最大值450mAh／g．经25次循环充放电后．该样品的容量与其最大值相比下降了53％．容量衰减的主要原因有：在循环充放电过程中．非晶体逐渐分解生成Mg2NiH4和Ni等晶体相，同时在颗粒表面形成腐蚀产物Mg(OH)2等。     

Nanostructured materials by mechanical alloying: new results on property enhancement

Mechanical attrition—the mechanical alloying or milling of powders—is a very versatile and potent method of obtaining nanocrystalline or ultrafine grain structures with enhanced properties. This article presents three examples of enhanced properties obtained by materials in which the grain size has been reduced to the nanoscale or ultrafine scale by ball milling and consolidation of powders. Very high strength/hardness—the highest hardness yet reported for crystalline Mg alloys—for a ball milled Mg₉₇Y₂Zn₁ alloy is due in part to the nanocrystalline grain structure, along with nanoscale precipitates. A ternary Cu-base alloy with a low stacking fault energy was found to have both high strength and good ductility in a nanocrystalline material synthesized by the in situ ball milling consolidation method. This is another example that shows nanocrystalline materials need not be brittle. It is shown that bulk thermoelectric materials with superior properties can be produced by the ball milling and consolidation of powders to provide an ultrafine grain structure.     

LLDPE吹塑薄膜的结构与性能

研究了成核剂对LLDPE吹塑薄膜结晶结构,进而对薄膜的透明性和力学性能的影响。研究发现成核剂的加入使薄膜的晶核数量增加,结晶速度提高,晶粒细化,晶粒尺寸变小,但晶体的完善程度降低,结晶度有所下降,而结晶结构没有显著变化,但成核剂的种类和用量,对晶面衍射强度和垂直于晶面的微晶尺寸有着较大影响。成核剂的加入,基本上都能在不降低力学性能的前提下,使薄膜的雾度降低,透明性得到显著改善。综合各种因素考虑,用于薄膜透明改性的成核剂用量应在0.5%左右为佳。     

Properties and Application of Nanocrystalline Poly (vinyl chloride)

The structure and properties of nanocrystalline PVC were investigated. The crystalline region of nanocrystalline PVC was observed by TEM to be 80 nm. The melting point of nanocrystalline PVC was found to be 128℃which is obviously lower than typical PVC (210℃). The X-ray diagrar indicated that the crystal existed in nanocrystalline PVC. The evident effect of self-plasticizing and reinforcement appeared when nanocrystalline PVC was added. The optimum amount for self-plasticizing is about 10%. The maximal impact strength of 95.1 kJ/m2 was achieved by adding 20% nanocrystalline PVC and tensile strength with 56.2 MPa which was 122% of pure PVC was obtained after adding 5% nanocrystalline PVC.     

Effect of mechanical activation pretreatment on the properties of sugarcane bagasse/poly(vinyl chloride) composites

This current work is concerned with the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) by mechanical activation (MA) using a self-designed stirring ball mill and surface modification of SCB using aluminate coupling agent (ACA). The untreated and differently treated SCBs were used to produce composites with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as polymer matrix. The activation grade (A_g) measurement and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of SCB showed that MA enhanced the condensation reaction between ACA and hydroxyl groups of the SCB fibres, which obviously increased the hydrophobicity of SCB. It was found that the mechanical properties of both the PVC composites reinforced by SCB with and without ACA modification increased with increasing milling time (t_M). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that MA pretreatment significantly improved the dispersion of SCB in the composites and interfacial adhesion between SCB and PVC matrix, resulting in better mechanical properties of the composites.